Inflammatory response following heart surgery and association with n−3 and n−6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and red blood cell membrane lipids

Wan, 1996, Myocardium is a major source of proinflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 112, 806, 10.1016/S0022-5223(96)70068-5 Liebold, 1999, The heart produces but the lungs consume proinflammatory cytokines following cardiopulmonary bypass, Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 15, 340, 10.1016/S1010-7940(99)00038-X Asimalkopoulos, 2003, A review of anti-inflammatory strategies in cardiac surgery, Perfusion, 18, 7, 10.1191/0267659103pf623oa Mazurek, 2003, Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators, Circulation, 108, 2460, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099542.57313.C5 Laffey, 2002, The systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery: implications for the anesthesiologist, Anesthesiology, 97, 215, 10.1097/00000542-200207000-00030 McBride, 1995, Cytokine balance and immunosuppressive changes at cardiac surgery: contrasting response between patients and isolated CPB circuits, Br. J. Anaesth., 75, 724, 10.1093/bja/75.6.724 Kawamura, 1993, Elevation of cytokines during open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: participation of interleukin 8 and 6 in reperfusion injury, Can. J. Anaesth., 40, 1016, 10.1007/BF03009470 Calder, 2011, Fatty acids and inflammation: the cutting edge between food and pharma, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 668, S50, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.085 Calder, 2006, n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 83, 1505S, 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1505S Ariel, 2007, Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammation, Trends Immunol., 28, 176, 10.1016/j.it.2007.02.007 Katan, 1997, Kinetics of the incorporation of dietary fatty acids into serum cholesteryl esters, erythrocyte membranes, and adipose tissue: an 18-month controlled study, J. Lipid Res., 38, 2012, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37132-7 Harris, 2004, Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac biopsies from heart transplantation patients: correlation with erythrocytes and response to supplementation, Circulation, 110, 1645, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000142292.10048.B2 Metcalf, 2010, Relation between blood and atrial fatty acids in patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 91, 528, 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28302 Franke, 2005, Pro-inflammatory cytokines after different kinds of cardio-thoracic surgical procedures: is what we see what we know?, Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 28, 569, 10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.07.007 Kawamura, 1997, Interleukin-10 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists increase during cardiac surgery, Can. J. Anaesth., 44, 38, 10.1007/BF03014322 Roth-Isigkeit, 1998, Perioperative cytokine release during coronary artery bypass grafting in patients of different ages, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 114, 26, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00682.x Han, 2012, Effects of fish oil on inflammatory modulation in surgical intensive care unit patients, Nutr. Clin. Pract., 27, 91, 10.1177/0884533611429796 Bernabe-Garcia, 2011, Beneficial effects of the n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in surgical patients: updating the evidence, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 85, 261, 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.012 Heidarsdottir, 2010, Does treatment with n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery?, Europace, 12, 356, 10.1093/europace/eup429 Skuladottir, 2011, Plasma n−3 and n−6 fatty acids and the incidence of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 41, 995, 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02497.x Skogstrand, 2005, Simultaneous measurement of 25 inflammatory markers and neurotrophins in neonatal dried blood spots by immunoassay with xMAP technology, Clin. Chem., 51, 1854, 10.1373/clinchem.2005.052241 Folch, 1957, A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol. Chem., 226, 497, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5 Bligh, 1959, A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 37, 911, 10.1139/y59-099 Bruins, 1997, Activation of the complement system during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: post surgery activation involves C-reactive protein and is associated with postoperative arrhythmia, Circulation, 96, 3542, 10.1161/01.CIR.96.10.3542 Spite, 2010, Novel lipid mediators promote resolution of acute inflammation: impact of aspirin and statins, Circ. Res., 107, 1170, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223883 Wiseman, 1988, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is chemotactic for human monocytes and induces their expression of angiogenic activity, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 157, 793, 10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80319-X Commins, 2010, Immunologic messenger molecules: cytokines, interferons, and chemokines, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 125, S53, 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.008