Inflammation and necrosis promote tumour growth
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Monkman, G. R., Orwoll, G. & Ivins, J. C. Trauma and oncogenesis. Mayo Clin. Proc. 49, 157–163 (1974).
Hill, A. B. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc. R. Soc. Med. 58, 295–300 (1965).
Lotze, M. T. Future directions for recombinant interleukin-2 in cancer: a chronic inflammatory disorder. Cancer J. Sci. Am. 3, S106–S108 (1997).
Coussens, L. M. & Werb, Z. Inflammatory cells and cancer: think different! J. Exp. Med. 193, F23–F26 (2001).
Daniel, D. et al. Immune enhancement of skin carcinogenesis by CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1017–1028 (2003).
Sonoshita, M. et al. Acceleration of intestinal polyposis through prostaglandin receptor EP2 in ApcΔ716 knockout mice. Nature Med. 7, 1048–1051 (2001).
Cutler, N. S. et al. Stromal production of prostacyclin confers an antiapoptotic effect to colonic epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 63, 1748–1751 (2003).
Hur, K. et al. Aberrant methylation of the specific CpG island portion regulates cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human gastric carcinomas. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310, 844–851 (2003).
Rieder, G., Hofmann, J. A., Hatz, R. A., Stolte, M. & Enders, G. A. Up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis may represent an increased risk factor to develop gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 293, 403–412 (2003).
Herman, J. G. & Baylin, S. B. Gene silencing in cancer in association with promoter hypermethylation. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 2042–2054 (2003).
Pekarek, L. A., Starr, B. A., Toledano, A. Y. & Schreiber, H. Inhibition of tumor growth by elimination of granulocytes. J. Exp. Med. 181, 435–444 (1995).
Grimbaldeston, M. A. et al. Susceptibility to basal cell carcinoma is associated with high dermal mast cell prevalence in non-sun-exposed skin for an Australian population. Photochem. Photobiol. 78, 633–639 (2003).
Duncan, L. M., Richards, L. A. & Mihm, M. C. Jr. Increased mast cell density in invasive melanoma. J. Cutan. Pathol. 25, 11–15 (1998).
Munn, D. H. et al. Potential regulatory function of human dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Science 297, 1867–1870 (2002).
Gloeckler Ries, L. A., Reichman, M. E., Lewis, D. R., Hankey, B. F. & Edwards, B. K. Cancer survival and incidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Oncologist 8, 541–552 (2003).
O'Byrne, K. J. & Dalgleish, A. G. Chronic immune activation and inflammation as the cause of malignancy. Br. J. Cancer 85, 473–483 (2001).
Asehnoune, K., Strassheim, D., Mitra, S., Kim, J. Y. & Abraham, E. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of NF-κB. J. Immunol. 172, 2522–2529 (2004).
Wu, M. S. et al. Interleukin-10 genotypes associate with the risk of gastric carcinoma in Taiwanese Chinese. Int. J. Cancer 104, 617–623 (2003).
Marsh, H. P. Polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are associated with risk of bladder cancer and grade of tumour at presentation. Br. J. Cancer 89, 1096–1101 (2003).
Thun, M. J., Henley, S. J. & Calle, E. E. Tobacco use and cancer: an epidemiologic perspective for geneticists. Oncogene 21, 7307–7325 (2002).
Di Bisceglie, A. M., Simpson, L. H., Lotze, M. T. & Hoofnagle, J. H. Development of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C viral infection. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 19, 222–226 (1994).
Platz, E. A. & De, M. A. Epidemiology of inflammation and prostate cancer. J. Urol. 171, S36–S40 (2004).
Yegnasubramanian, S. et al. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 64, 1975–1986 (2004).
Wang, W. H. et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 95, 1784–1791 (2003).
Gonzalez-Perez, A., Garcia Rodriguez, L. A. & Lopez-Ridaura, R. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cancer sites other than the colon and rectum: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 3, 28 (2003).
Schernhammer, E. S. et al. A prospective study of aspirin use and the risk of pancreatic cancer in women. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 96, 22–28 (2004).
Averbook, B. J., Wei, J. P., Perry-Lalley, D. M., Rosenberg, S. A. & Yang, J. C. A tumor-elaborated supernatant factor chemotactic for IL-2 expanded tumor infiltrating T-lymphocytes. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 12, 1–8 (1993).
Arenberg, D. A. et al. Macrophage infiltration in human non-small-cell lung cancer: the role of CC chemokines. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 49, 63–70 (2000).
Mantovani, A., Sozzani, S., Locati, M., Allavena, P. & Sica, A. Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immunol. 23, 549–555 (2002).
Shimada, H. et al. Elevation of preoperative serum C-reactive protein level is related to poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 83, 248–252 (2003).
Nozoe, T. et al. Immunohistochemical expression of C-reactive protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus — significance as a tumor marker. Cancer Lett. 192, 89–95 (2003).
McMillan, D. C., Canna, K. & McArdle, C. S. Systemic inflammatory response predicts survival following curative resection of colorectal cancer. Br. J. Surg. 90, 215–219 (2003).
Chung, Y. C. & Chang, Y. F. Serum C-reactive protein correlates with survival in colorectal cancer patients but is not an independent prognostic indicator. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15, 369–373 (2003).
Zhang, L. et al. Intratumoral T cells, recurrence, and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 203–213 (2003).
Schumacher, K., Haensch, W., Roefzaad, C. & Schlag, P. M. Prognostic significance of activated CD8+ T cell infiltrations within esophageal carcinomas. Cancer Res. 61, 3932–3936 (2001).
Merogi, A. J. et al. Tumor-host interaction: analysis of cytokines, growth factors, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian carcinomas. Hum. Pathol. 28, 321–331 (1997).
Ishigami, S. et al. Clinical impact of intratumoral natural killer cell and dendritic cell infiltration in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 159, 103–108 (2000).
Taketomi, A. et al. Natural killer cell activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new prognostic indicator after hepatectomy. Cancer 83, 58–63 (1998).
Takanami, I., Takeuchi, K. & Giga, M. The prognostic value of natural killer cell infiltration in resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 121, 1058–1063 (2001).
Inoue, K., Furihata, M., Ohtsuki, Y. & Fujita, Y. Distribution of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells and expression of HLA-DR antigen in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in relation to tumour progression and prognosis. Virchows Arch. A Pathol. Anat. Histopathol. 422, 351–355 (1993).
Kakeji, Y. et al. Prognostic significance of tumor-host interaction in clinical gastric cancer: relationship between DNA ploidy and dendritic cell infiltration. J. Surg. Oncol. 52, 207–212 (1993).
Ikeguchi, M., Ikeda, M., Tatebe, S., Maeta, M. & Kaibara, N. Clinical significance of dendritic cell infiltration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol. Rep. 5, 1185–1189 (1998).
Lespagnard, L. et al. Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells in adenocarcinomas of the breast: a study of 143 neoplasms with a correlation to usual prognostic factors and to clinical outcome. Int. J. Cancer 84, 309–314 (1999).
Reichert, T. E., Scheuer, C., Day, R., Wagner, W. & Whiteside, T. L. The number of intratumoral dendritic cells and ζ-chain expression in T cells as prognostic and survival biomarkers in patients with oral carcinoma. Cancer 91, 2136–2147 (2001).
Conejo-Garcia, J. R. et al. Letal, a tumor-associated NKG2D immunoreceptor ligand, induces activation and expansion of effector immune cells. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2, 446–451 (2003).
Salih, H. R., Rammensee, H. G. & Steinle, A. Down-regulation of MICA on human tumors by proteolytic shedding. J. Immunol. 169, 4098–4102 (2002).
Moretta, A. Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: rendezvous in abused tissues. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2, 957–964 (2002).
Mailliard, R. B. et al. Dendritic cells mediate NK cell help for TH1 and CTL responses: two-signal requirement for the induction of NK cell helper function. J. Immunol. 171, 2366–2373 (2003).
Wesa, A. & Galy, A. Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced T cell responses after activation of human dendritic cells with IL-1 and CD40 ligand. BMC Immunol. 3, 14 (2002).
Trinchieri, G., Pflanz, S. & Kastelein, R. A. The IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines: new players in the regulation of T cell responses. Immunity 19, 641–644 (2003).
Lee, E. et al. Increased expression of interleukin 23 p19 and p40 in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. J. Exp. Med. 199, 125–130 (2004).
Spiotto, M. T., Rowley, D. A. & Schreiber, H. Bystander elimination of antigen loss variants in established tumors. Nature Med. 10, 294–298 (2004).
Jerrells, T. R., Dean, J. H., Richardson, G., Cannon, G. B. & Herberman, R. B. Increased monocyte-mediated cytostasis of lymphoid cell lines in breast and lung cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer 23, 768–776 (1979).
Mantovani, A., Tagliabue, A., Dean, J. H., Jerrells, T. R. & Herberman, R. B. Cytolytic activity of circulating human monocytes on transformed and untransformed human fibroblasts. Int. J. Cancer 23, 28–31 (1979).
Mantovani, A., Jerrells, T. R., Dean, J. H. & Herberman, R. B. Cytolytic and cytostatic activity on tumor cells of circulating human monocytes. Int. J. Cancer 23, 18–27 (1979).
Vanderheyde, N. et al. Tumoricidal activity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells: evidence for a caspase-8-dependent, Fas-associated death domain-independent mechanism. J. Immunol. 167, 3565–3569 (2001).
Santini, S. M. et al. A new type I IFN-mediated pathway for the rapid differentiation of monocytes into highly active dendritic cells. Stem Cells 21, 357–362 (2003).
Yu, J. L. & Rak, J. W. Host microenvironment in breast cancer development: inflammatory and immune cells in tumour angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Breast Cancer Res. 5, 83–88 (2003).
Rodriguez, P. C. et al. L-Arginine consumption by macrophages modulates the expression of CD3 ζ chain in T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 171, 1232–1239 (2003).
Munn, D. H. et al. Inhibition of T cell proliferation by macrophage tryptophan catabolism. J. Exp. Med. 189, 1363–1372 (1999).
Mazzoni, A. et al. Myeloid suppressor lines inhibit T cell responses by an NO-dependent mechanism. J. Immunol. 168, 689–695 (2002).
Mellor, A. L. & Munn, D. H. Tryptophan catabolism and regulation of adaptive immunity. J. Immunol. 170, 5809–5813 (2003).
Munn, D. H. et al. Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism. Science 281, 1191–1193 (1998).
Uyttenhove, C. et al. Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Nature Med. 9, 1269–1274 (2003).
Lin, E. Y., Nguyen, A. V., Russell, R. G. & Pollard, J. W. Colony-stimulating factor 1 promotes progression of mammary tumors to malignancy. J. Exp. Med. 193, 727–740 (2001).
Kaser, A. et al. Interleukin-18 attracts plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC2s) and promotes TH1 induction by DC2s through IL-18 receptor expression. Blood 103, 648–655 (2004).
Cella, M. et al. Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon. Nature Med. 5, 919–923 (1999).
Wakkach, A. et al. Characterization of dendritic cells that induce tolerance and T regulatory 1 cell differentiation in vivo. Immunity 18, 605–617 (2003).
Mazariegos, G. V. et al. Dendritic cell subset ratio in peripheral blood correlates with successful withdrawal of immunosuppression in liver transplant patients. Am. J. Transplant. 3, 689–696 (2003).
Vakkila, J., Thomson, A. W., Vettenranta, K., Sariola, H. & Saarinen-Pihkala, U. M. Dendritic cell subsets in childhood and in children with cancer: relation to age and disease prognosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 135, 455–461 (2004).
Zou, W. et al. Stromal-derived factor-1 in human tumors recruits and alters the function of plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells. Nature Med. 7, 1339–1346 (2001).
Hartmann, E. et al. Identification and functional analysis of tumor-infiltrating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res. 63, 6478–6487 (2003).
Bauer, M. et al. Bacterial CpG-DNA triggers activation and maturation of human CD11c−, CD123+ dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 166, 5000–5007 (2001).
Krieg, A. M. CpG motifs: the active ingredient in bacterial extracts? Nature Med. 9, 831–835 (2003).
Certa, U., Wilhelm-Seiler, M., Foser, S., Broger, C. & Neeb, M. Expression modes of interferon-α inducible genes in sensitive and resistant human melanoma cells stimulated with regular and pegylated interferon-α. Gene 315, 79–86 (2003).
Petricoin, E. et al. Human cancer cell lines express a negative transcriptional regulator of the interferon regulatory factor family of DNA binding proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 1477–1486 (1994).
Lesinski, G. B. et al. The antitumor effects of IFN-α are abrogated in a STAT1-deficient mouse. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 170–180 (2003).
Knudson, A. G. Jr. Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 68, 820–823 (1971).
Hong, S. H. et al. Cyclooxygenase regulates human oropharyngeal carcinomas via the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6: a general role for inflammation? FASEB J. 14, 1499–1507 (2000).
Cheng, F. et al. A critical role for Stat3 signaling in immune tolerance. Immunity 19, 425–436 (2003).
Wang, T. et al. Regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses by Stat-3 signaling in tumor cells. Nature Med. 10, 48–54 (2004).
De Marzo, A. M., Marchi, V. L., Epstein, J. I. & Nelson, W. G. Proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate: implications for prostatic carcinogenesis. Am. J. Pathol. 155, 1985–1992 (1999).
House, M. G. et al. Progression of gene hypermethylation in gallstone disease leading to gallbladder cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 10, 882–889 (2003).
Kang, G. H. et al. Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of chronic gastritis, in relation to aging, gender, intestinal metaplasia, and chronic inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 163, 1551–1556 (2003).
Issa, J. P., Ahuja, N., Toyota, M., Bronner, M. P. & Brentnall, T. A. Accelerated age-related CpG island methylation in ulcerative colitis. Cancer Res. 61, 3573–3577 (2001).
Chung, Y. L., Sheu, M. L. & Yen, S. H. Hepatitis C virus NS5A as a potential viral Bcl-2 homologue interacts with Bax and inhibits apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer 107, 65–73 (2003).
Edwards, J. G. et al. Tumor necrosis correlates with angiogenesis and is a predictor of poor prognosis in malignant mesothelioma. Chest 124, 1916–1923 (2003).
Tomes, L. et al. Necrosis and hypoxia in invasive breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 81, 61–69 (2003).
Koukourakis, M. I. et al. Lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) overexpression in non-small-cell lung cancer tissues is linked to tumour hypoxia, angiogenic factor production and poor prognosis. Br. J. Cancer 89, 877–885 (2003).
DeVries, A. F. et al. Tumor microcirculation and diffusion predict therapy outcome for primary rectal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 56, 958–965 (2003).
Poleri, C. et al. Risk of recurrence in patients with surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma: histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Chest 123, 1858–1867 (2003).
Cheville, J. C., Lohse, C. M., Zincke, H., Weaver, A. L. & Blute, M. L. Comparisons of outcome and prognostic features among histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 27, 612–624 (2003).
Scaffidi, P., Misteli, T. & Bianchi, M. E. Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature 418, 191–195 (2002).
Bustin, M. At the crossroads of necrosis and apoptosis: signaling to multiple cellular targets by HMGB1. Sci. STKE [online], 2002, PE39 (2002).
Gardella, S. et al. The nuclear protein HMGB1 is secreted by monocytes via a non-classical, vesicle-mediated secretory pathway. EMBO Rep. 3, 995–1001 (2002).
Palumbo, R. et al. Extracellular HMGB1, a signal of tissue damage, induces mesoangioblast migration and proliferation. J. Cell Biol. 164, 441–449 (2004).
Kuniyasu, H., Chihara, Y. & Takahashi, T. Co-expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products and the ligand amphoterin associates closely with metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncol. Rep. 10, 445–448 (2003).
Kuniyasu, H., Chihara, Y., Kondo, H., Ohmori, H. & Ukai, R. Amphoterin induction in prostatic stromal cells by androgen deprivation is associated with metastatic prostate cancer. Oncol. Rep. 10, 1863–1868 (2003).
Ren, G., Dewald, O. & Frangogiannis, N. G. Inflammatory mechanisms in myocardial infarction. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy 2, 242–256 (2003).
Dvorak, H. F., Dvorak, A. M., Manseau, E. J., Wiberg, L. & Churchill, W. H. Fibrin gel investment associated with line 1 and line 10 solid tumor growth, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia in guinea pigs. Role of cellular immunity, myofibroblasts, microvascular damage, and infarction in line 1 tumor regression. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 62, 1459–1472 (1979).
Leek, R. D., Landers, R. J., Harris, A. L. & Lewis, C. E. Necrosis correlates with high vascular density and focal macrophage infiltration in invasive carcinoma of the breast. Br. J. Cancer 79, 991–995 (1999).
Flaegstad, T. et al. A possible contributory role of BK virus infection in neuroblastoma development. Cancer Res. 59, 1160–1163 (1999).
Lehtinen, M et al. Maternal herpesvirus infections and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the offspring. Am. J. Epidemiol. 158, 207–213 (2003).
Rivoltini, L. et al. Phenotypic and functional analysis of lymphocytes infiltrating paediatric tumours, with a characterization of the tumour phenotype. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 34, 241–251 (1992).
Kataoka, Y., Matsumura, T., Yamamoto, S., Sugimoto, T. & Sawada, T. Distinct cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells of peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett. 73, 11–21 (1993).
Facchetti, P. et al. Functional and molecular characterization of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and clones thereof from a major-histocompatibility-complex-negative human tumour: neuroblastoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 42, 170–178 (1996).
Martin, R. F. & Beckwith, J. B. Lymphoid infiltrates in neuroblastomas: their occurrence and prognostic significance. J. Pediatr. Surg. 3, 161–164 (1968).
Lauder, I. & Aherne, W. The significance of lymphocytic infiltration in neuroblastoma. Br. J. Cancer 26, 321–330 (1972).
Dickens, D. S., Kozielski, R., Leavey, P. J., Timmons, C. & Cripe, T. P. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression does not correlate with outcome in osteosarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 25, 282–285 (2003).
Wiemels, J. L., Ford, A. M., Van Wering, E. R., Postma, A. & Greaves, M. Protracted and variable latency of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after TEL-AML1 gene fusion in utero. Blood 94, 1057–1062 (1999).
Wiemels, J. L. et al. In utero origin of t(8;21) AML1-ETO translocations in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 99, 3801–3805 (2002).
Borrello, I. & Pardoll, D. GM-CSF-based cellular vaccines: a review of the clinical experience. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13, 185–193 (2002).
Pardoll, D. M. Paracrine cytokine adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 399–415 (1995).
Buttiglieri, S., Galetto, A., Forno, S., De Andrea, M. & Matera, L. Influence of drug-induced apoptotic death on processing and presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells. Int. J. Cancer 106, 516–520 (2003).