Inflamación y arteriosclerosis

Stary, 2000, Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions: an update, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 20, 1177, 10.1161/01.ATV.20.5.1177 Virmani, 2000, Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lessions, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 20, 1262, 10.1161/01.ATV.20.5.1262 Ross, 1999, Mechanism of disease: atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease, N Engl J Med, 340, 115, 10.1056/NEJM199901143400207 Behrendt, 2002, Endothelial function. From vascular biology to clinical applications, Am J Cardiol, 90, 40L, 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02963-6 Libby, 2002, Inflammation and atherosclerosis, Circulation, 105, 1135, 10.1161/hc0902.104353 Willerson, 2004, Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor, Circulation, 21, II2 Ridker, 1998, Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators, Circulation, 98, 839, 10.1161/01.CIR.98.9.839 Altman, 2003, Risk factors in coronary atherosclerosis atheroinflammation: the meeting point, Thromb J, 1, 4, 10.1186/1477-9560-1-4 Corti, 2003, Pathogenetic concepts of acute coronary syndromes, J Am Coll Cardiol, 41, 7S, 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02833-4 Libby, 2001, Inflammation and thrombosis: the clot thickens, Circulation, 103, 1718, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1718 Beck, 1998, Periodontitis: a risk factor for coronary heart disease, Ann Periodontol, 3I 1, 127, 10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.127 Piek, 2000, Plaque inflammation in restenoic coronary lesions of patients with stavle or unstable angina, J Am Coll Cardiol, 35, 963, 10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00647-6 Otto, 2004, Long-term reduction of C-reactive protein concentration by regular LDL apheresis, Atherosclerosis, 174, 151, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.01.017 Rouet-Benzineb, 2000, Angiotensin II induces nuclear factor- kappa B activation in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through protein kinase C signaling pathway, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 32, 1767, 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1211 Xiao, 2004, NF-kappaB activates IL-6 expression through cooperation with c-Jun and IL6-AP1 site, but is independent of Its IL6- NF-kappaB regulatory site in autocrine human multiple myeloma cells, Cancer Biol Ther, 3 Schmeisser, 2004, ACE inhibition lowers angiotensin II-induced chemokine expression by reduction of NF-kappaB activity and AT1 receptor expression, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 325, 532, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.059 Liuzzo, 1994, The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina, N Engl J Med, 331, 417, 10.1056/NEJM199408183310701 Ridker, 1997, Inflammation, aspirin and risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men, N Engl J Med, 336, 973, 10.1056/NEJM199704033361401 Ridker, 2002, Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events, N Engl J Med, 347, 1557, 10.1056/NEJMoa021993 Ridker, 1999, Evaluating novel cardiovascular risk factors: Can we better predict heart attacks?, Ann Intern Med, 130, 933, 10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00018 Szmitko, 2003, New markers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation. Part I, Circulation, 108, 1917, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000089190.95415.9F Harrison, 2003, Role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis, Am J Cardiol, 91, 7A, 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03144-2 Steinberg, 1999, Preventing coronary artery disease by lowering cholesterol levels: fifty years from bench to bedside, JAMA, 282, 2043, 10.1001/jama.282.21.2043 Touyz, 2003, Redox-dependent signalling by angiotensin II and vascular remodelling in hypertension, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 30, 860, 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03930.x Zalba, 2000, Vascular oxidant stress: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications, J Physiol Biochem, 56, 57, 10.1007/BF03179777 Griendling, 2001, Out, damned dot: studies of the NADPH oxidase in atheropsclerosis, J Clin Invest, 108, 1423, 10.1172/JCI14453 Phillips, 2002, Angiotensin II as a pro-inflammatory mediator, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 3, 569 Weiss, 2001, Angiotensin II-induced hypertension accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in Apo E-deficient mice, Circulation, 103, 448, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.3.448 McCullough, 2002, Cardiorenal risk: an important clinical intersection, Rev Cardiovasc Med, 3, 71 Tummala, 1999, Angiotensin II induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in rat vasculature: a potential link between the renin-angiotensin system and atherosclerosis, Circulation, 14, 1223, 10.1161/01.CIR.100.11.1223 Li, 1996, Angiotensinogen gene activation by angiotensin II is mediated by the rel A (nuclear factor-kappaB p65) transcription factor: one mechanism for the renin angiotensin system positive feedback loop in hepatocytes, Mol Endocrinol, 10, 252, 10.1210/me.10.3.252 De Caterina, 2003, Inflammation in early atherogenesis: impact of ACE inhibition, Eur Heart J, 5, A15, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ehjsupp.a000771 Bevilacqua, 1986, Recombinant tumor necrosis factor induces procoagulant activity in cultured human vascular endothelium: characterization and comparison with the actions of interleukin 1, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83, 4533, 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4533 Lefer, 1999, Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice, Am J Physiol, 276, H1943 Ho, 2003, Elevated plasma concentrations of nitric oxide, soluble thrombomodulin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatology, 42, 17, 10.1093/rheumatology/keg045 Rubbo, 2002, Interactions of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite with low-density lipoprotein, Biol Chem, 383, 547, 10.1515/BC.2002.055 Chikani, 2004, Lipids: potential regulators of nitric oxide generation, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 287, E386, 10.1152/ajpendo.00106.2004 D’Uscio, 2003, Long-term vitamin C treatment increases vascular tetrahydrobiopterin levels and nitric oxide synthase activity, Circ Res, 92, 88, 10.1161/01.RES.0000049166.33035.62 Verma, 2002, A self-fulfilling prophecy: C-reactive protein attenuates nitric oxide production and inhibits angiogenesis, Circulation, 106, 913, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000029802.88087.5E Horstman, 2004, Endothelial microparticles as markers of endothelial dysfunction, Front Biosci, 9, 1118, 10.2741/1270 Kinlay, 2001, Endothelial function and coronary artery disease, Curr Opin Lipidol, 12, 383, 10.1097/00041433-200108000-00003 Collins, 2001, NF-kappaB: pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis?, J Clin Invest, 107, 255, 10.1172/JCI10373 Hurt-Camejo, 1997, Cellular consequences of the association of apoB lipoproteins with proteoglycans, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 17, 1011, 10.1161/01.ATV.17.6.1011 Steinberg, 1997, Conner Memorial Lecture. Oxidative modification of LDL and atherogenesis, Circulation, 95, 1062, 10.1161/01.CIR.95.4.1062 Charo, 2004, Chemokines in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, Circ Res, 95, 858, 10.1161/01.RES.0000146672.10582.17 Libby, 2002, Inflammation in atherosclerosis, Nature, 420, 868, 10.1038/nature01323 Tousoulis, 2003, Inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms in coronary atherosclerosis, Heart, 89, 993, 10.1136/heart.89.9.993 Koike, 2000, Antiphospholipid antibodies in arterial thrombosis, Ann Med, 32, 27 Xu, 1990, Immunology of atherosclerosis: cellular composition and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression in aortic intima, fatty streaks, and atherosclerotic plaques in young and aged human specimens, Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 56, 344, 10.1016/0090-1229(90)90155-J Ravn, 1999, Histopathology of plaque rupture, Cardiol Clin, 17, 263, 10.1016/S0733-8651(05)70073-4 Mach, 1997, Activation of monocyte/macrophage functions related to acute atheroma complication by ligation of CD40: induction of collagenase, stromelysin, and tissue factor, Circulation, 96, 396, 10.1161/01.CIR.96.2.396 Bürrig KF. The endothelium of advanced atherosclerotic plaques in humans, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1991; 11;1678-89. Falk, 1995, Role of thrombosis in atherosclerosis and its complications, Am J Cardiol, 75, 3B, 10.1016/0002-9149(95)80003-B Raines, 1993, Smooth muscle cells and the pathogenesis of the lesions of atherosclerosis, Br Heart J, 69, S30, 10.1136/hrt.69.1_Suppl.S30 Llorente-Cortés, 2002, Human coronary smooth muscle cells internalize versican-modified LDL through LDL receptor-related protein and LDL receptors, Arterioscler. Thromb Vasc Biol, 22, 387, 10.1161/hq0302.105367 Newby, 1997, Molecular and cell biology of native coronary and vein-graft atherosclerosis: regulation of plaque stability and vessel-wall remodelling by growth factors and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, Coron Artery Dis, 8, 213, 10.1097/00019501-199703000-00013 Fuster, 1992, The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes, N Engl J Med, 326, 310, 10.1056/NEJM199201303260506 Moreno, 1994, Macrophage infiltration in acute coronary syndromes: implications for plaque rupture, Circulation, 90, 775, 10.1161/01.CIR.90.2.775 Mazzone, 1993, Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecules in unstable coronary artery disease, Circulation, 88, 358, 10.1161/01.CIR.88.2.358 Horton, 2001, Ligation of CD40 on vascular smooth muscle cells mediates loss of interstitial collagen via matrix metalloproteinase activity, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 947, 329, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03957.x Galis, 2002, Matrix metalloproteinases in vascular remodeling and atherogenesis: the good, the bad, and the ugly, Cir Res, 90, 251, 10.1161/res.90.3.251 Littlewood, 2003, Apoptotic cell death in atherosclerosis, Curr Opin Lipidol, 14, 469, 10.1097/00041433-200310000-00007 Li, 2001, Apoptotic death of inflammatory cells in human atheroma, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 21, 1124, 10.1161/hq0701.092145 Nhan, 2003, The p17 cleaved form of caspase-3 is present within viable macrophages in vitro and in atherosclerotic plaque, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23, 1276, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000078602.54433.07 Moons, 2002, Tissue factor and coronary artery disease, Cardiovasc Res, 53, 313, 10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00452-7 Hutter, 2004, Caspase-3 and tissue factor expression in lipid-rich plaque macrophages: evidence for apoptosis as link between inflammation and atherothrombosis, Circulation, 109, 2001, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000125526.91945.AE Lindstedt, 2004, Proteolysis of the pericellular matrix: a novel element determining cell survival and death in the pathogenesis of plaque erosion and rupture, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, 1350, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000135322.78008.55 Aukrust, 1999, Enhanced levels of soluble and membrane-bound CD40 ligand in patients with unstable angina. Possible reflection of T lymphocyte and platelet involvement in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes, Circulation, 100, 614, 10.1161/01.CIR.100.6.614 Schonbeck, 1997, Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells by T lymphocytes: a role for CD40 signaling in plaque rupture?, Circ Res, 81, 448, 10.1161/01.RES.81.3.448 Hansson, 2001, Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 21, 1876, 10.1161/hq1201.100220 Kaartinen, 1994, Accumulation of activated mast cells in the shoulder region of human coronary atheroma, the predilection site of atheromatous rupture, Circulation, 90, 1669, 10.1161/01.CIR.90.4.1669 Kaartinen, 1996, Mast cells in rupture-prone areas of human coronayr atheromas produce and store TNF-alpha, Circulation, 94, 2787, 10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2787 Metzler, 1997, The role of mast cells in atherosclerosis, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 114, 10, 10.1159/000237636 Weiss, 1989, Tissue destruction by neutrophils, N Engl J Med, 320, 365, 10.1056/NEJM198902093200606 Naruko, 2002, Neutrophil infiltration of culprit lesions in acute coronary syndromes, Circulation, 106, 2894, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000042674.89762.20 Mehta, 1989, Neutrophil function in ischemic heart disease, Circulation, 79, 549, 10.1161/01.CIR.79.3.549 Biasucci, 1996, Intracellular neutrophil myeloperoxidase is reduced in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, but its reduction is not related to ischemia, J Am Coll Cardiol, 27, 611, 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00524-2 Moreno, 2002, Intimomedial interface damage and adventitial inflammation is increased beneath disrupted atherosclerosis in the aorta: implications for plaque vulnerability, Circulation, 105, 2504, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000017265.52501.37 De Boer, 1999, Leucocyte recruitment in rupture prone regions of lipid-rich plaques: a prominent role for neovascularization?, Cardiovasc Res, 41, 443, 10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00255-7 Tenaglia, 1998, Neovascularization in atherectomy specimens from patients with unstable angina: implications for pathogenesis of unstable angina, Am Heart J, 135, 10, 10.1016/S0002-8703(98)70336-9 Mofidi, 2001, Association between plaque instability, angiogenesis and symptomatic carotid occlusive disease, Br J Surg, 88, 945, 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01823.x O’Brien, 1996, Neovascular expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human atherosclerosis and their relation to intimal leukocyte content, Circulation, 93, 672, 10.1161/01.CIR.93.4.672 Davies, 2001, Going from immutable to mutable atherosclerotic plaques, Am J Cardiol, 88, 2F, 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01870-7 Badimon, 1992, Thrombus formation on ruptured atherosclerotic plaques and rethrombosis on evolving thrombi, Circulation, 86, III74 Toschi, 1997, Tissue factor modulates the thrombogenicity of human atherosclerotic plaques, Circulation, 95, 594, 10.1161/01.CIR.95.3.594 Badimon, 1999, Local inhibition of tissue factor reduces the thrombogenicity of disrupted human atherosclerotic plaques: effects of tissue factor pathway inhibitor on plaque thrombogenicity under flow conditions, Circulation, 99, 1780, 10.1161/01.CIR.99.14.1780 Marcus, 1993, Thromboregulation: multicellular modulation of platelet reactivity in hemostasis and thrombosis, FASEB J, 7I 6, 516, 10.1096/fasebj.7.6.8472890 Corti, 2001, Value or desirability of hemorheological-hemostatic parameter changes as endpoints in blood lipid-regulating trials, Curr Opin Lipidol, 12, 629, 10.1097/00041433-200112000-00006 Sambola, 2003, Role of risk factors in the modulation of tissue factor activity and blood thrombogenicity, Circulation, 107, 973, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000050621.67499.7D Giesen, 1999, Blood-borne tissue factor: another view of thrombosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 2311, 10.1073/pnas.96.5.2311 Rauch, 2000, Transfer of tissue factor from leukocytes to platelets is mediated by CD15 and tissue factor, Blood, 96, 170, 10.1182/blood.V96.1.170 Mallat, 2000, Elevated levels of shed membrane microparticles with procoagulant potential in the peripheral circulating blood of patients with acute coronary syndromes, Circulation, 101, 841, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.8.841 Soejima, 1999, Heightened tissue factor associated with tissue factor pathway inhibitor and prognosis in patients with unstable angina, Circulation, 99, 2908, 10.1161/01.CIR.99.22.2908 Mallat, 1999, Shed membrane microparticles with procoagulant potential in human atherosclerotic plaques: a role for apoptosis in plaque thrombogenicity, Circulation, 99, 348, 10.1161/01.CIR.99.3.348 Rauch, 2000, Increased thrombus formation relates to ambient blood glucose and leukocyte count in diabetes mellitus type 2, Am J Cardiol, 86, 246, 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)00871-7 Harb, 2003, Association between inflammatory markers, hemostatic, and lipid factors in postinfarction patients, Am J Cardiol, 91, 1120, 10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00162-0 Mattila, 1989, Association between dental health and acute myocardial infraction, Br Med J, 298, 779, 10.1136/bmj.298.6676.779 Mattila, 1993, Dental infections and coronary atherosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, 103, 205, 10.1016/0021-9150(93)90263-T De Stefano, 1993, Dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease and mortality, Br Dent J, 306, 688 Matilla, 1995, Dental infection and the risk of new coronary events: prospective study of patients with documented coronary artery disease, Clin Infect Dis, 20, 588, 10.1093/clinids/20.3.588 Arbes, 1999, Association between extent of periodontal attachment loss and self-reported history of heart attack: an analysis of NHANES III data, J Dent Res, 73, 1777, 10.1177/00220345990780120301 Offenbacher, 1994, Role of prostaglandins in high risk periodontitis patients, 203 Shapira, 1994, The secretion of PGE2, IL1-β, IL-6, and TNFα by monocytes from early onset periodontitis patients, J Periodontol, 65, 139, 10.1902/jop.1994.65.2.139