Inferring upper-mantle temperatures from seismic velocities

Angel, 2001, Stabilities and equations of state of dense hydrous magnesium silicates, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 127, 181, 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00227-8

Angel, 2001, Anomalous compression and equation of state of coesite, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 124, 71, 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00184-4

Bass, 1984, Composition of the upper-mantle: geophysical test of two petrological models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 237, 10.1029/GL011i003p00229

Béjina, 1999, Activation volume of Si diffusion in San Carlos olivine: implications for upper-mantle rheology, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25529, 10.1029/1999JB900270

Bina, 1994, Phase transition clapeyron slopes and transition zone seismic discontinuity topography, J. Geophys. Res., 1999, 15853, 10.1029/94JB00462

Birch, 1952, Elasticity and constitution of the Earth’s interior, J. Geophys. Res., 57, 227, 10.1029/JZ057i002p00227

Catti, 2001, High-pressure stability, structure and compressibility of Cmcm-MgAl2O4: an ab initio study, Phys. Chem. Miner., 28, 729, 10.1007/s002690100190

Chen, 1999, Elastic wave velocities of Mg3Al2Si3O12-pyrope garnet to 10 GPa, Am. Mineralogist, 84, 384, 10.2138/am-1999-0322

Chopelas, 1989, Thermal expansion measurements at very high pressure, systematics, and a case for a chemically homogeneous mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1347, 10.1029/GL016i011p01347

Chopelas, 1992, Thermal expansivity in the lower-mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 19, 1983

Conrad, 1999, The high-pressure single-crystal elasticity of pyrope, grissular and andradite, Am. Mineralogist, 84, 374, 10.2138/am-1999-0321

Davies, 1975, Homogeneity and constitution of the Earth’s lower-mantle and outer core, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 10, 336, 10.1016/0031-9201(75)90060-6

Deal, 1999, Slab temperature and thickness from seismic tomography. Method and application to Tonga, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28803, 10.1029/1999JB900254

Deschamps, 2001, The relative density-to-shear velocity scaling in the uppermost mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 124, 193, 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00199-6

Deschamps, F., Trampert, J., Snieder, R., 2002. Anomalies of temperatures and iron in the uppermost mantle inferred from gravity data and tomographic models, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 129, 245–264.

Drake, 2002, Determining the composition of the Earth, Nature, 416, 39, 10.1038/416039a

Duffy, 1989, Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper-mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1895, 10.1029/JB094iB02p01895

Duffy, 1995, Elasticity of forsterite to 16 GPa and the composition of the upper-mantle, Nature, 378, 170, 10.1038/378170a0

Durek, 1996, A radial model of anelasticity consistent with long-period surface-wave attenuation, Bull. Seismological Soc. Am., 86, 144, 10.1785/BSSA08601A0144

Dziewonski, 1981, Preliminary reference Earth model, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 25, 297, 10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7

Dziewonski, 1975, Parametrically simple Earth models consistent with geophysical data, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 10, 12, 10.1016/0031-9201(75)90017-5

Fei, 1999, Effect of temperature and composition on the bulk modulus of (Mg, Fe)O, Am. Mineralogist, 84, 272, 10.2138/am-1999-0308

Fiquet, 2001, Mineral phases of the Earth’s mantle, Z. Kristallogr., 216, 248, 10.1524/zkri.216.5.248.20374

Flesch, 1998, Sound velocities of polycrystalline MgSiO3-orthopyroxene to 10 GPa at room temperature, Am. Mineralogist, 83, 444, 10.2138/am-1998-5-604

Forte, 2001, Deep-mantle high viscosity flow and thermochemical structure inferred from seismic and geodynamic data, Nature, 410, 1049, 10.1038/35074000

Forte, 2000, Geodynamic evidence for a chemically depleted continental tectosphere, Science, 290, 1940, 10.1126/science.290.5498.1940

Forte, 1993, Dynamic surface-topography—a new interpretation based upon mantle flow models derived from seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 225, 10.1029/93GL00249

Forte, 1994, Joint inversion of seismic and geodynamic data for models on three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21857, 10.1029/94JB01467

Forte, 1995, Thermal and chemical heterogeneity in the mantle: a seismic and geodynamic study of continental roots, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 92, 42, 10.1016/0031-9201(95)03060-A

Gaherty, 1994, Compositional versus thermal buoyancy and the evolution of subducted lithosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 141, 10.1029/93GL03466

Gaherty, 1999, Seismological structure of the upper-mantle: a regional comparison of seismic layering, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 110, 21, 10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00132-0

Gaherty, 1999, Testing plausible upper-mantle compositions using fine-scale models of the 410-km discontinuity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1641, 10.1029/1999GL900312

Getting, 1997, Shear attenuation and dispersion in MgO, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 99, 249, 10.1016/S0031-9201(96)03208-6

Goes, 2000, Shallow mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11153, 10.1029/1999JB900300

Goes, S., van der Lee, S., 2002. Thermal structure of the North American uppermost mantle inferred from seismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res. 107, 10.1029/2000JB000049.

Gudmundsson, 1998, A regionalized upper-mantle (RUM) seismic model, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 7121, 10.1029/97JB02488

Gwanmesia, 2000, Elasticity of the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12)–majorite (MgSiO3) garnets solid solution, Phys. Chem. Miner., 27, 445, 10.1007/s002699900054

Herzberg, 1996, Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1: compositions of magmas in the upper-mantle and transition zone, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8271, 10.1029/96JB00170

Herzberg, C., Ratteron, P., Zhang, J., 2000. New experimental observations on the anhydrous solidus for peridotite KLB-1. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1, paper no. 2000GC000089.

Hirose, 1999, The fate of the subducted basaltic crust in the Earth’s lower-mantle, Nature, 397, 53, 10.1038/16225

Hirschmann, M.M., 2000. Mantle solidus: experimental constraints and the effects of peridotite composition, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1, paper no. 2000GC000070.

Humphreys, 1994, Physical state of the western US upper-mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 9635, 10.1029/93JB02640

Inoue, 1998, Elastic properties of hydrous ringwoodite (γ-phase) in Mg2SiO4, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 160, 107, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00077-6

Irifune, 1987, An experimental investigation of the pyroxene-garnet transformation in a pyrolite composition and its bearing on the constitution of the mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 45, 324, 10.1016/0031-9201(87)90040-9

Irifune, 1987, Phase transformations in a harzburgite composition to 26 GPa: implications for dynamical behaviour of the subducting slab, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 86, 365, 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90233-0

Irifune, T., Ringwood, A.E., 1987b. Phase transformations in primitive MORB and pyrolite compositions to 25 GPa and some geophysical implications. High-Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (AGU), pp. 231–242.

Irifune, 1993, Phase-transformations in subducted oceanic-crust and buoyancy relationnships at depths of 600–800 km in the mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 117, 101, 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90120-X

Ishii, 1999, Normal-mode and free-air gravity constraints on lateral variations in velocity and density of Earth’s mantle, Science, 285, 1231, 10.1126/science.285.5431.1231

Ita, 1992, Petrology, elasticity and composition of the mantle transition zone, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6849, 10.1029/92JB00068

Jackson, 1993, Dynamic compliance from torsional creep and forced oscillation tests: an experimental demonstration of linear viscoelasticity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2115, 10.1029/93GL02504

Jackson, 1998, Elasticity, composition and temperature of the Earth’s lower-mantle; a reappraisal, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 291, 10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00560.x

Jackson, I., 2000. Laboratory measurements of seismic waves dispersion and attenuation: recent progress. Earth’s deep interior. Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale (AGU), pp. 265–289.

Jackson, I., Ridgen, S.M., 1998. Composition and temperature of the Earth’s mantle: seismological models interpreted through experimental studies of Earth materials. In: Jackson, I. (Ed.), The Earth’s Mantle: Composition, Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press, UK, pp. 405–460.

Jackson, 1992, Seismic wave dispersion and attenuation in Aheim dunite: an experimental study, Geophys. J. Int., 108, 517, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb04633.x

Jackson, 2000, Sound velocities and elastic properties of γ-Mg2SiO4 at 873 K by Brillouin spectroscopy, Am. Mineralogist, 85, 296, 10.2138/am-2000-2-306

Jackson, 2002, Grain-size-sensitive seismic wave attenuation in polycrystalline olivine, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 2360, 10.1029/2001JB001225

Jaques, 1980, Anhydrous melting of peridotite at 0–15 Kb pressure and the genesis of tholeitic basalts, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 73, 287, 10.1007/BF00381447

Jordan, T.H., 1988. Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere. J. Petrol., Special Lithosphere Issue, pp. 11–37.

Karato, 1993, Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1623, 10.1029/93GL01767

Karato, 1997, On the separation of crustal component from subducted oceanic lithosphere near the 660 km discontinuity, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 99, 103, 10.1016/S0031-9201(96)03198-6

Karato, 1998, Water, partial melting and the origin of the seismic low velocity and high attenuation zone in the upper-mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 157, 193, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00034-X

Karato, S.I., Jung, H., 2003. Effects of pressure on high-temperature dislocation creep in olivine. Philosophical Magazine A, 83, 401–414.

Karato, 2001, Origin of lateral variation of seismic wave velocities and density in the deep mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21771, 10.1029/2001JB000214

Karki, 1999, Seismic velocities of major silicates and oxide phases of the lower-mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13025, 10.1029/1999JB900069

Karki, 2001, High-pressure elastic properties of major materials of Earth’s mantle from first principles, Rev. Geophys., 39, 507, 10.1029/2000RG000088

Kato, 2000, Upper-mantle velocity structure in the western Pacific rim estimated from short-period recordings at Matsushiro seismic array system, Earth Planets Space, 52, 459, 10.1186/BF03351650

Katsura, 2001, Temperature derivatives of elastic moduli of (Mg0.91Fe0.09)SiO4 modified spinel, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 124, 163, 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00189-3

Kennett, 1995, Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from travel times, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 108, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb03540.x

Kennett, 1998, Joint seismic tomography for bulk sound and shear wave speed in the Earth’s mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 469

Kudoh, Y., Inoue, T., 1998. Effect of pressure on the crystal structure of hydrous wadsleyite, Mg1.75SiH0.75O4. High Pressure–Temperature Research: Properties of Earth and Planetary Materials (AGU), pp. 517–521.

Laske, 1998, Surface-wave polarization data and global anisotropic structure, Geophys. J. Int., 132, 508, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00450.x

Laske, G., Masters, G., Dziewonski, A.M., 2001. New Measurements of Radial Mode Eigenfrequencies, S32B-0629 (AGU abstract).

Li, 2000, Sound velocities of wadsleyite β-(Mg0.88Fe0.12)2SiO4 to 10 GPa, Am. Mineralogist, 85, 292, 10.2138/am-2000-2-305

Li, 1998, Elastic moduli of wadsleyite (β-Mg2SiO4) to 7 GPa and 873 K, Science, 281, 675, 10.1126/science.281.5377.675

Li, 2001, P–V–VP–VS–T measurements on wadsleyite to 7 GPa and 873 K: implications for the 410-km seismic discontinuity, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 30575, 10.1029/2001JB000317

Li, 1996, Elasticity of stishovite at high pressure, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 96, 113, 10.1016/0031-9201(96)03144-5

Liebermann, R.C., 2000. Elasticity of mantle minerals (experimental studies). Earth’s deep interior. Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale (AGU), pp. 181–199.

Litasov, 2001, Melting relations of hydrous pyrolite in CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O system in the transition zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1303, 10.1029/2000GL012291

Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., 2001. The origin of lateral heterogeneity in the Earth’s mantle. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference (Abstract).

Liu, 1999, Thermal equation of state of stishovite, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 112, 257, 10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00037-0

Masters, G., Laske, G., Bolton, H., Dziewonski, A.M., 2000. The relative behavior of shear velocity, bulk sound speed, and compressional velocity in the mantle: implications for chemical and thermal structures. Earth’s deep interior. Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic To The Global Scale (AGU), pp. 63–87.

McDonough, 1995, The composition of the Earth, Chem. Geol., 120, 223, 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4

Minster, J.B., 1980. Anelasticity and attenuation. Physics of the Earth’s interior, Soc. Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Montagner, 1998, Where can seismic anisotropy be detected in the earth’s mantle? In boundary layers, Pure Appl. Geophys., 151, 223, 10.1007/s000240050113

Montagner, 1996, How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference earth models?, Geophys. J. Int., 125, 229, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb06548.x

Montagner, 1990, Global anisotropy in the upper-mantle inferred from the regionalization of phase velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 4797, 10.1029/JB095iB04p04797

Morishima, 1999, The high-pressure and temperature equation of state of a majorite solid solution in the system of Mg4Si4O12–Mg3Al2Si3O12, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 27, 3, 10.1007/s002690050234

Murakami, 2001, The relation between the physical properties of the assumed pyrolite composition and depth distributions of seismic velocities in the upper-mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 125, 1, 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00204-7

Nolet, 1994, Low S-velocities under the Tornquist–Teisseyre zone—evidence for water injection into the transition zone by subduction, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15813, 10.1029/94JB00083

Nolet, 1994, Seismic heterogeneity in the upper-mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23753, 10.1029/94JB01892

Oganov, A.R., Brodholt, J.P., 2000. High-pressure phases in the Al2SiO5 system and the problem of aluminous phase in the Earth’s lower-mantle: ab initio calculations. Phys. Chem. Miner., 27.

Oganov, 2001, The elastic constants of MgSiO3 perovskite at pressures and temperatures of the earth’s mantle, Nature, 411, 934, 10.1038/35082048

Paulssen, H., 1988. Evidence for small scale structure of the upper-mantle. Ph.D. thesis. Geologica Ultraiectina, Utrecth, pp. 1–109.

Poirier, 1998, A logarithm equation of state, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 109, 1, 10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00112-5

Revenaugh, 1991, Mantle layering from ScS reverberations. Part 1. Waveform inversion of zeroth-order reverberations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 19749, 10.1029/91JB01659

Ritsema, J., van Heijst, H.J., 2001. Automatic Measurements of Surface Wave Phase Velocities and Body-Wave Travel Times: New Data for New Seismic Reference Earth Models. S21B-03 (AGU Abstract).

Robertson, 1996, Ratio of relative S to P velocity heterogeneity in the lower-mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20041, 10.1029/96JB01905

Robertson, 1997, Comparison of P and S station corrections and their relationship to upper-mantle structure, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 27355, 10.1029/97JB02348

Romanowicz, B., Durek, J.J., 2000. Seismological constraints on attenuation in the Earth: a review. Earth’s deep interior. Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale (AGU), pp. 161–179.

Saltzer, 2001, Comparing P and S wave heterogeneity in the mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1335, 10.1029/2000GL012339

Saxena, 1999, Equation of state of MgSiO3 with the perovskite structure based on experimental measurement, Am. Miner., 84, 226, 10.2138/am-1999-0303

Saxena, 1992, Assessed data on heat capacity, thermal expansion and compressibility for some oxides and silicates, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19813, 10.1029/92JB01555

Shearer, P.M., 2000. Upper-mantle seismic discontinuities. Earth’s deep interior. Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale (AGU), pp. 115–131.

Shearer, 1999, Seismic velocity and density jumps across the 410- and 660-kilometer discontinuities, Science, 285, 1545, 10.1126/science.285.5433.1545

Shim, 2000, The stability and P–V–T equation of state of CaSiO3 perovskite in the Earth’s lower-mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 25955, 10.1029/2000JB900183

Sinelnikov, 1998, Ultrasonic shear wave velocities of MgSiO3 perovskite at 8 GPa and 800 K and lower-mantle composition, Science, 281, 677, 10.1126/science.281.5377.677

Sinogeikin, 2000, Single-crystal elasticity of pyrope and MgO to 20 GPa by Brillouin spectroscopy in the diamond cell, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 120, 43, 10.1016/S0031-9201(00)00143-6

Sinogeikin, S.V., Bass, J.D., Katsura, T., 1998a. Elasticity of (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 spinel to transition zone pressures. EOS, Transactions Am. Geophys. Union 79, F861.

Sinogeikin, 1998, Sound velocities and elastic properties of Fe-bearing wadsleyite and ringwoodite, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20819, 10.1029/98JB01819

Sobolev, 1997, Upper-mantle temperatures and lithosphere-asthenosphere system beneath the French Massif Central constrained by seismic, gravity, petrological and thermal observations, Tectonophysics, 275, 143, 10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00019-X

Sobolev, 1996, Upper-mantle temperatures from teleseismic tomography of French massif central including effects of composition, mineral reactions, anharmonicity, anelasticity and partial melt, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 147, 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00238-8

Stacey, F.D., 1992. Physics of the Earth. 3rd ed. Brookfield Press, Brisbane.

Stacey, 2001, Compositional constraints on the equation of state and thermal properties of the lower-mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 146, 143, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00437.x

Stalder, 2001, Phase relations of a serpentine composition between 5 and 14 GPa: significance of clinohumite and phase E as water carriers into the transition zone, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 140, 670, 10.1007/s004100000208

Stixrude, 1997, Structure and sharpness of phase-transitions and mantle discontinuities, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14835, 10.1029/97JB00550

Su, 1997, Simultaneous inversion for 3D variations in shear and bulk velocity in the mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 100, 135, 10.1016/S0031-9201(96)03236-0

Tan, 2001, High-temperature viscoelasticity of fine-grained polycrystalline olivine, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 28, 641, 10.1007/s002690100189

Tralli, 1995, Regionalized temperature variations in the upper 400 km of the Earth’s mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 91, 177, 10.1016/0031-9201(95)03046-Y

Trampert, 2001, Sensitivities of seismic velocities to temperature, pressure and composition in the lower-mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 124, 255, 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00201-1

Ulmer, 2001, Partial melting in the mantle wedge—the role of H2O in the genesis of mantle-derived ‘arc-related’ magmas, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 127, 215, 10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00229-1

Vacher, 1996, Comparison between tomographic structures and models of convection in the upper-mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 45, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb06351.x

Vacher, 1998, Computation of seismic profiles from mineral physics: the importance of non-olivine components for explaining the 660 km depth discontinuity, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 106, 275, 10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00076-4

Vasco, 1998, Whole earth structure estimated from seismic arrival times, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2633, 10.1029/97JB02623

Wang, 1996, Thermal equation of state of CaSiO3 perovskite, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 661, 10.1029/95JB03254

Webb, 1999, Viscoelasticity of the titanat perovskites CaTiO3 and SrTiO3 at high temperature, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 115, 259, 10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00081-3

Weidner, 1985, A mineral physics test of a pyrolite mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 417, 10.1029/GL012i007p00417

Weidner, 1998, Chemical- and Clapeyron-induced buoyancy at the 660 km discontinuity, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 7431, 10.1029/97JB03511

Yamazaki, 2001, Some mineral physics constraints on the rheology and geothermal structure of Earth’s lower-mantle, Am. Mineralogist, 86, 385, 10.2138/am-2001-0401

Yamazaki, 2000, Silicon self-diffusion in MgSiO3 perovskite at 25 GPa, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 119, 299, 10.1016/S0031-9201(00)00135-7

Yasuda, 1994, Melting phase relations of an anhydrous mid-ocean ridge basalt from 3 to 20 GPa: implications for the behavior of subducted oceanic crust in the mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 9401, 10.1029/93JB03205

Yusa, 2000, Isothermal compressibility of hydrous ringwoodite and its relation to the mantle discontinuities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 413, 10.1029/1999GL011032

Zerr, 1998, Solidus of the Earth’s deep mantle, Science, 281, 243, 10.1126/science.281.5374.243

Zha, 1998, Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffraction of San Carlos olivine: direct pressure determination to 32 GPa, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 159, 25, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00063-6

Zha, 2000, Elasticity of MgO and a primary pressure scale to 55 GPa, PNAS, 97, 13494, 10.1073/pnas.240466697

Zhang, 1999, Single-crystal hydrostatic compression of synthetic pyrope, almandine, spessartine, grossular and andradite garnets at high pressures, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 27, 52, 10.1007/s002690050240