Inertial effects in the Earth’s crust and magnetosphere
Tóm tắt
A review of studies devoted to the problem of exciting magnetic signals in the crust associated with the formation of the major rupture in an earthquake source and with the propagation of seismic waves was given in [Sgrigna et al., 2004]. However, this review contains incorrect citations from original papers and several erroneous statements concerning inertial and inductive mechanisms of conversion of the energy of rock motion into magnetic field energy. These mistakes are analyzed in the present paper. The formal and physical similarity between seismomagnetic waves in the crust and Alfvén waves in the magnetosphere is used in the analysis. A comparative analysis of the inertial and inductive mechanisms of seismomagnetic field generation is performed. The Cherenkov criterion of Alfvén wave generation due to the ionospheric effect of acoustic waves from earthquakes and explosions is derived. Attention is also given to nonlinear phenomena (nonlinearity of a mechanomagnetic conversion in the crust and anharmonicity and self-focusing of Alfvén waves in the magnetosphere).
Tài liệu tham khảo
H. Alfvén, “Existence of Electromagnetic-Hydrodynamic Waves,” Nature 150(3805), 405–406 (1942).
H. Alfvén and C.-G. Falthammar, Cosmical Electrodynamics; Fundamental Principles (Clarendon, Oxford, 1963; Mir, Moscow, 1967).
J. Artru, T. Farges, and P. Lognonné, “Acoustic Wave Generated from Seismic Surface Waves: Propagation Properties Determined from Doppler Sounding Observations and Normal-Mode Modeling,” Geophys. J. Int. 158, 1067–1077 (2004).
L. A. Bauer, “Magnetograph Records of Earthquakes with Special Reference to the San Francisco Earthquake of April 18, 1906,” Terrestr. Magn. XI, 135–144 (1906).
S. V. Belov, N. I. Migunov, and G. A. Sobolev, “Magnetic Effect of Kamchatka Strong Earthquakes,” Geomagn. Aeron. 14(3) 380–382 (1974).
Ya. G. Birfeld, “The Earth’s Seismicity Effect on the Ionosphere via Acoustic Waves,” Otkrytiya Izobret. Promyshl Obraztsy Tovarn. Znaki, No. 42 (1973).
D. A. Egorov, Yu. N. Elizar’ev, V. M. Novikov, et al., “Strong Earthquake Effects in the Earth’s Ionosphere,” Geomagn. Aeron. 30(4), 680–682 (1990).
F. Eleman, “The Response of Magnetic Instruments to Earthquake Waves,” J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 18(1), 43–72 (1965).
Ya. I. Frenkel’, “On the Theory of Seismic and Seismoelectric Phenomena in Humid Soil,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geograf. Geofiz. No. 4, 133–150 (1944).
R. Garcia, F. Crespon, V. Ducic, et al., “Three-Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography of Post-Seismic Perturbations Produced by the Denali Earthquake from GPS Data,” Geophys. J. Int. 163(3), 1049–1064 (2005).
M. B. Gokhberg, S. M. Krylov, and V. T. Levshenko, “Electromagnetic Field of an Earthquake Source,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 308(1), 62–65 (1989).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Magnetoelastic Waves,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 7, 112 (1986a).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Excitation of Electromagnetic Field Oscillations by Elastic Waves in a Conductive Body,” Geomagn. Aeron. 26(3), 467–470 (1986b).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Hydromagnetic Diagnostics and Geoelectric Survey,” Usp. Fiz. Nauk 158(4), 605–637 (1989).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Magnetic Structure of an Elastic Wave Front,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 4, 53–58 (1991).
A. Guglielmi, “Elastomagnetic Waves in a Porous Medium,” Phys. Scripta 46, 433–434 (1992a).
A. V. Guglielmi, “The Magnetic Field of an Elastic Transverse Wave,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 5, 128 (1992b).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Tolman-Stewart Effect in the Earth’s Crust,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 10, 109–112 (1992c).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Ponderomotive Forces in the Earth’s Crust and Magnetosphere,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 7, 35–39 (1992d).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Generation Equation of Seismomagnetic Signals,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk 342(3), 390–392 (1995).
A. V. Guglielmi, “Some Problems in Seismoelectrodynamics,” in Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, Ed. by M. Hayakawa (TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 1999), pp. 931–938.
A. V. Guglielmi, “On the Threshold Phenomena in Geoelectricity,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 4, 75–77 (2002) [Izvestiya, Phys. Solid Earth 38, 317–319 (2002)].
A. V. Guglielmi, M. B. Gokhberg, B. I. Klain, et al., “Inductive Seismomagnetic Sounding of the Earth’s Crust,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 293(4), 828–830 (1987).
A. V. Guglielmi and V. F. Ruban, “On the Theory of the Induced Seismomagnetic Effect,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 5, 47–54 (1990).
A. V. Guglielmi and V. T. Levshenko, “Electromagnetic Signals from Earthquakes,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 5, 65–70 (1994).
A. Guglielmi and R. Lundin, “Ponderomotive Upward Acceleration of Ions by Ion Cyclotron and Alfvén Waves over the Polar Regions,” J. Geophys. Res. 106, 13 219–13 236 (2001).
A. Guglielmi, A. Potapov, B. Tsegmed, et al., “On the Earthquake Effects in the Regime of Ionospheric Alfvén Resonances,” Phys. Chem. Earth 31, 469–472 (2006).
A. V. Guglielmi, V. T. Levshenko, and D. O. Pokhotelov, “Comparative Analysis of Dynamic and Quasi-Static Generation Mechanisms of Seismomagnetic Signals,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 8, 18–25 (1996) [Izvestiya, Phys. Solid Earth 32, 645–652 (1996)].
A. G. Ivanov, “Seismoelectric Effect of Second Kind,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geograf. Geofiz, No. 5, 699–727 (1940).
V. I. Keilis-Borok and A. S. Monin, “Magnetoelastic Waves and the Boundary of the Earth’s Core,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geofiz., No. 11, 1529–1541 (1959).
S. V. Koshevaya, V. V. Grimalsky, G. N. Burlak, et al., “Magnetic Perturbations Excited by Seismic Waves,” Phys. Scripta 64, 172–176 (2001).
R. Lundin and A. Guglielmi, “Ponderomotive Forces in Cosmos,” Space Sci. Rev. (2006).
M. Mascart, “Sur les Effets Magnetiques des Tremblements de Terre,” C. R. CLV, 607–608 (1887).
N. I. Migunov and G. A. Sobolev, “Seismomagnetic Signals Associated with Sakhalin Earthquakes,” Fiz. Zemli, No. 3, 81–84 (2006) [Izvestiya, Phys. Solid Earth 42, 256–259 (2006)].
A. P. Orlov, Earthquakes and Their Relations to Other Natural Phenomena (Kazan, 1887) [in Russian].
G. V. Rudenko and A. M. Uralov, “Calculation of Ionospheric Effects Due to Acoustic Radiation from an Underground Nuclear Explosion,” J. Am. Terrestr. Phys. 57(3), 225–236 (1995).
V. Sgrigna, A. Buzzi, L. Conti, et al., “Electromagnetic Signals Produced by Elastic Waves in the Earth’s Crust,” Nuovo Cim. 27(2), 115–132 (2004).