Sự khác biệt cá nhân trong khuynh hướng rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý và cảm xúc: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm ở người trẻ khỏe mạnh từ Đức và Trung Quốc

ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - Tập 11 - Trang 167-182 - 2018
Jennifer Wernicke1, Mei Li2, Peng Sha3, Min Zhou4, Cornelia Sindermann1, Benjamin Becker5, Keith M. Kendrick5, Christian Montag1,5
1Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
2Student Counseling Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
3School of Journalism and Communication, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
4Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
5The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China

Tóm tắt

Rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý (ADHD) là một rối loạn phát triển thần kinh, đặc trưng bởi sự không chú ý, tăng động và tính Impulsivity, nhưng cũng đi kèm với tính cảm xúc tiêu cực. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu hiện tại là điều tra xem liệu các khuynh hướng ADHD dưới ngưỡng có liên quan đến tính cảm xúc tiêu cực ở các mẫu người trưởng thành khỏe mạnh hay không. Nghiên cứu hiện tại đặc biệt thú vị vì nó điều tra tính cảm xúc tiêu cực bằng một bảng câu hỏi dựa trên lý thuyết thần kinh học - Thang đo cá tính thần kinh cảm xúc (ANPS). Hơn nữa, qua việc nghiên cứu các mẫu ở hai quốc gia, cụ thể là Đức và Trung Quốc, nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích sao chép kết quả qua các nền văn hóa khác nhau. Các đối tượng người Đức (n = 377; tuổi: M = 23.25, SD = 8.47; 117 nam giới) và người Trung Quốc (n = 389; tuổi: M = 20.74, SD = 2.47; 279 nam giới) đã hoàn thành các bảng câu hỏi ANPS (các đặc điểm cảm xúc chính) và ASRS (các khuynh hướng ADHD) trong một khảo sát trực tuyến. Phân tích thành phần chính của ANPS tiết lộ một yếu tố cho cảm xúc tiêu cực và một yếu tố cho cảm xúc tích cực. Các quan hệ tỷ lệ một phần giữa ANPS và ASRS (được kiểm soát theo độ tuổi) đã được thực hiện riêng cho quốc gia và giới tính. Các mẫu tương tự về mối tương quan giữa khuynh hướng ADHD và tính cảm xúc tiêu cực có thể được tìm thấy ở cả nam và nữ tham gia Đức/Trung Quốc (r = .189 đến r = .352). Tính cảm xúc tiêu cực cao hơn luôn có mối liên hệ đáng kể với nhiều khuynh hướng kém chú ý, tăng động/impulsivity hoặc khuynh hướng kết hợp. Tuy nhiên, mối tương quan tiêu cực đáng kể giữa khuynh hướng ADHD và cảm xúc tích cực chỉ được quan sát ở nam giới Trung Quốc (r = − .264 đến r = − .296). Các kết quả phù hợp với những phát hiện trước đây ở trẻ em và cho thấy rằng ngay cả ở những người trưởng thành khỏe mạnh, mối liên hệ giữa tính cảm xúc tiêu cực và khuynh hướng ADHD cũng rất rõ ràng. Kết quả này độc lập với nền văn hóa, chỉ ra một mối liên hệ chung giữa khuynh hướng ADHD và tính cảm xúc tiêu cực, ngay cả ở những người trưởng thành khỏe mạnh.

Từ khóa

#Rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý #tính cảm xúc tiêu cực #sự khác biệt cá nhân #người trưởng thành trẻ khỏe mạnh #Đức #Trung Quốc

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