Increased sensitivity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli detection in stool samples using oligonucleotide immobilized-magnetic nanoparticles

2018, Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Lancet. Infect. Dis., 18, 1211, 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30362-1 Olson, 2019, Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations - 1990-2005 versus 2005-2015, does a decade make a difference?, Trop. Dis. Travel Med. Vaccines., 5, 15, 10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 World Health Organization (WHO), Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Links to Health, (2004). https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/facts2004/en/ (accessed December 10, 2020). World Health Organization (WHO), WHO Diarrhoeal disease, (2017). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/ (accessed January 5, 2021). Platts-Mills, 2013, New concepts in diagnostics for infectious diarrhea, Mucosal Immunol, 6, 876, 10.1038/mi.2013.50 Iijima, 2007, Evaluation of colony-based examinations of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in stool specimens: low probability of detection because of low concentrations, particularly during the early stage of gastroenteritis, Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 58, 303, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.02.007 Wang, 2019, Heat-stable enterotoxins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and their impact on host immunity, Toxins (Basel), 11, 24, 10.3390/toxins11010024 Sjöling, 2007, Comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli toxins and colonization factors, J. Clin. Microbiol., 45, 3295, 10.1128/JCM.00471-07 Rodas, 2011, Clonal relatedness of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing LT and CS17 isolated from children with diarrhoea in La Paz, Bolivia, PLoS ONE, 6, e18313, 10.1371/journal.pone.0018313 Rodas, 2009, Development of multiplex PCR assays for detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factors and toxins, J. Clin. Microbiol., 47, 1218, 10.1128/JCM.00316-09 Esfandiari, 2017, Rapid and specific polymerase Chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Escherichia coli LT Toxin from clinical isolates, Arch. Clin. Infect. Dis., 12, e36261 Gomes, 2016, Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Braz. J. Microbiol., 47, 3, 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.015 Fialho, 2013, Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli using a Two-System Multiplex-PCR Protocol, J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 27, 155, 10.1002/jcla.21578 Oh, 2014, Development of a one-step PCR assay with nine primer pairs for the detection of five diarrheagenic Escherichia coli types, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 862, 10.4014/jmb.1312.12031 Youmans, 2014, Development and accuracy of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection and quantification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) heat labile and heat stable toxin genes in travelers’ diarrhea samples, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 90, 124, 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0383 Schrader, 2012, PCR inhibitors - occurrence, properties and removal, J. Appl. Microbiol., 113, 1014, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x Kudr, 2017, Magnetic nanoparticles: from design and synthesis to real world applications, Nanomaterials, 7, 243, 10.3390/nano7090243 Xu, 2019, Applications of iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 7, 141, 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00141 Yen, 2013, Multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles for diagnostics, therapy and macromolecule delivery, Theranostics, 3, 986, 10.7150/thno.4827 Berensmeier, 2006, Magnetic particles for the separation and purification of nucleic acids, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 73, 495, 10.1007/s00253-006-0675-0 Chou, 2011, Rapid and specific influenza virus detection by functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and mass spectrometry, J. Nanobiotechnol.., 9, 52, 10.1186/1477-3155-9-52 Chung, 2013, A magneto-DNA nanoparticle system for rapid detection and phenotyping of bacteria, Nat. Nanotechnol., 8, 369, 10.1038/nnano.2013.70 Fu, 2009, An ultrasensitive DNAzyme-based colorimetric strategy for nucleic acid detection, Chem. Commun., 5838, 10.1039/b907762f Giovannini, 2020, Novel electro-magnetophoretic separation method for the highly sensitive detection of analytes, Nanoscale Horizons, 5, 95, 10.1039/C9NH00279K Lee, 2009, A sensitive method to detect Escherichia coli based on immunomagnetic separation and real-time PCR amplification of aptamers, Biosens. Bioelectron., 24, 3550, 10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.010 Safarík, 1995, The application of magnetic separations in applied microbiology, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 78, 575, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03102.x Jangpatarapongsa, 2011, DNA detection of chronic myelogenous leukemia by magnetic nanoparticles, Analyst, 136, 354, 10.1039/C0AN00374C Li, 2009, Magnetic bead-based DNA hybridization assay with chemiluminescence and chemiluminescent imaging detection, Analyst, 134, 800, 10.1039/b819990f Lund, 1991, Immunomagnetic separation and DNA hybridization for detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a piglet model, J. Clin. Microbiol., 29, 2259, 10.1128/jcm.29.10.2259-2262.1991 Schultsz, 1994, Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in stool samples by using nonradioactively labeled oligonucleotide DNA probes and PCR, J. Clin. Microbiol., 32, 2393, 10.1128/jcm.32.10.2393-2397.1994 Thiramanas, 2013, Detection of Vibrio cholerae using the intrinsic catalytic activity of a magnetic polymeric nanoparticle, Anal. Chem., 85, 5996, 10.1021/ac400820d Polpanich, 2005, The effect of acrylic acid amount on the colloidal properties of polystyrene latex, Colloid Polym. Sci., 284, 183, 10.1007/s00396-005-1366-6 Tangchaikeeree, 2013, Enrichment of malaria parasites by antibody immobilized magnetic nanoparticles, J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 9, 1768, 10.1166/jbn.2013.1669 Tangchaikeeree, 2017, Combination of PCR and dual nanoparticles for detection of Plasmodium falciparum, Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 159, 888, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.063 Peng, 2013, Comparison of direct boiling method with commercial kits for extracting fecal microbiome DNA by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA tags, J. Microbiol. Methods., 95, 455, 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.07.015 López-Saucedo, 2003, Single multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect diverse loci associated with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 9, 127, 10.3201/eid0901.010507 Stacy-Phipps, 1995, Multiplex PCR assay and simple preparation method for stool specimens detect enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli DNA during course of infection, J. Clin. Microbiol., 33, 1054, 10.1128/jcm.33.5.1054-1059.1995 Manthawornsiri, 2016, Magnetic Nanoparticles PCR Enzyme-linked gene assay for quantitative detection of BCR/ABL Fusion Gene in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 30, 534, 10.1002/jcla.21899 Schlör, 2000, Genetic rearrangements of the regions adjacent to genes encoding heat-labile enterotoxins (eltAB) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, 352, 10.1128/AEM.66.1.352-358.2000 Scarlato, 2019, Review of newly identified functions associated with the heat-labile toxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. | Www.Frontiersin.Org., 1, 292 Qadri, 2005, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in developing countries: epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 18, 465, 10.1128/CMR.18.3.465-483.2005 Veyret, 2005, Magnetic colloids for the generic capture of viruses, Anal. Biochem., 346, 59, 10.1016/j.ab.2005.07.036 Mouaziz, 2009, Aminodextran containing magnetite nanoparticles for molecular biology applications: preparation and evaluation, J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 5, 172, 10.1166/jbn.2009.1023 Veyret, 2005, Amino-containing magnetic nanoemulsions: elaboration and nucleic acid extraction, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 295, 155, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.01.008 Veyret, 2006, Polyelectrolyte functionalized magnetic emulsion for specific isolation of nucleic acids, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 53, 78, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.08.004 Veyret, 2005, Functionalized magnetic emulsion for genomic applications, Curr. Org. Chem., 9, 1099, 10.2174/1385272054368475 Zhai, 2020, Establishment and application of isothermal amplification techniques for the detection of heat-stable I enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, PLoS ONE, 15, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0230881 Zhao, 2020, Development and application of isothermal amplification methods for rapid detection of F4 fimbriae producing Escherichia coli, Pol. J. Vet. Sci., 23, 143 Chen, 2015, Detection of Escherichia coli in drinking water using T7 bacteriophage-conjugated magnetic probe, Anal. Chem., 87, 8977, 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02175