Increase in IL-6, IL-1 and TNF levels in rat brain following traumatic lesion

Aarden, 1987, Production of hybridoma growth factor by human monocytes, Eur. J. Immunol., 17, 1411, 10.1002/eji.1830171004

Adams, 1982, Neuropathology of acceleration-induced head injury in the subhuman primate, 141

Bandtlow, 1990, Regional and cellular codistribution of interleukin 1β and nerve growth factor mRNA in the adult rat brain: possible relationship to the regulation of nerve growth factor synthesis, J. Cell. Biol., 111, 1701, 10.1083/jcb.111.4.1701

Barron, 1988, Ultrastructural features of a brain injury model in cat. I. Vascular and neuroglial changes and the prevention of astroglial swelling by a fluorenyl (aryloxy) alkanoic acid derivative (L-644, 711), Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.), 75, 295, 10.1007/BF00690538

Benavides, 1990, The quantification of brain lesions with an ω3 site ligand: a critical analysis of animal models of cerebral ischaemia and neurodegeneration, Brain Res., 522, 275, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91472-S

Benavides, 1990, Autoradiographic detection and quantification of traumatic brain lesions in the rat by using omega3 (ω3) site radioligands, 39

Benveniste, 1990, Induction and regulation of interleukin-6 gene expression in rat astrocytes, J. Neuroimmunol., 30, 201, 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90104-U

Bourdiol, 1991, Increase in ω3 (peripheral type benzodiazepine) binding sites in the rat cortex and striatum after local injection of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide, Brain Res., 543, 194, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90028-T

Bradford, 1967, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248, 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Cortez, 1989, Experimental fluid percussion brain injury: vascular disruption and neuronal and glial alterations, Brain Res., 482, 271, 10.1016/0006-8993(89)91190-6

Crockard, 1982, A model of focal cortical contusion in gerbils, J. Neurotrauma, 5, 115

David, 1990, Macrophages can modify the nonpermissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system, Neuron, 5, 463, 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90085-T

Dinarello, 1992, Anticytokine strategies, Eur. Cytokine Netw., 3, 7

Dinarello, 1986, Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1, J. Exp. med., 163, 1433, 10.1084/jem.163.6.1433

Dixon, 1988, Physiologic, hispathologic and cineradiographic characterization of a new fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in th rat, J. Neurotrauma, 5, 91, 10.1089/neu.1988.5.91

Dollman, 1986, Microglia, 117

Dubravec, 1990, Circulating human peripheral blood granulocytes synthesize and secrete tumor necrosis factor α, 87, 6758

Faden, 1992, Pharmacological strategies in CNS trauma, TIPS, 13, 29

Fagan, 1990, Cholinergic sprouting in the hippocampus: a proposed role for IL-1, Exp. Neurol., 110, 105, 10.1016/0014-4886(90)90055-W

Ferran, 1990, Cytokine related syndrome following injection of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody: further evidence for transient in vivo T cell activation, Eur. J. Immunol., 20, 509, 10.1002/eji.1830200308

Frei, 1989, On the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases, Eur. J. Immunol., 19, 689, 10.1002/eji.1830190418

Gery, 1972, Potentiation of the T-lymphocyte response to mitogens. II. The cellular source of potentiating mediators, J. Exp. Med., 136, 143, 10.1084/jem.136.1.143

Giulian, 1985, Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury, Science, 228, 497, 10.1126/science.3872478

Giulian, 1986, Interleukin 1 of the central nervous system produced by ameboid microglia, J. Exp. Med., 164, 594, 10.1084/jem.164.2.594

Giulian, 1988, Interleukin-1 injected into mammalian brain stimulates astrogliosis and neovascularization, J. Neurosci., 8, 2485, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02485.1988

Griffin, 1989, Brain interleukin 1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease, 86, 7611

Hama, 1991, Interleukin-6 improves the survival of mesencephalic catecholaminergic and septal cholinergic neurons from post-natal, two-week-old rats in cultures, Neuroscience, 40, 445, 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90132-8

Hopkins, 1990, Bioassay of interleukin-1 in serum and plasma following removal of inhibitory activity with polyethylene glycol, J. Immunol. Methods, 133, 127, 10.1016/0022-1759(90)90326-Q

Lachman, 1987, Growth-promoting effect of recombinant interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor for a human astrocytoma cell line, J. Immunol., 138, 2913, 10.4049/jimmunol.138.9.2913

Lieberman, 1989, Production of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokins by astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharides or a neurotrophic virus, 86, 6348

Marucha, 1990, Cytokine regulation of IL-1β gene ecpression in the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte, J. Immunol., 145, 2932, 10.4049/jimmunol.145.9.2932

Michie, 1988, Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration, N. Engl. J. Med., 318, 1481, 10.1056/NEJM198806093182301

Minami, 1990, Convulsants induce interleukin-1β mRNA in the rat brain, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 171, 832, 10.1016/0006-291X(90)91221-D

Minami, 1992, Induction of interleukin-1β mRNA in rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia, J. Neurochem., 58, 390, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09324.x

Morganti-Kossman, 1992, Autocrine and paracrine regulation of astrocyte function by transforming growth factor-β, J. Neuroimmunol., 39, 163, 10.1016/0165-5728(92)90185-N

Nelson, 1982, A comparison of animal head injury models developed for treatment modality evaluation, 117

Nieto-Sampedro, 1987, Interleukin-1-like activity in rat brain. sources, targets, and effect of injury, J. Neurosci. Res., 17, 214, 10.1002/jnr.490170303

Nishimoto, 1989, Elevation of serum interleukin 6 prior to acute phase proteins on the inflammation by surgical operation, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 50, 399, 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90147-5

Righi, 1989, Monokine production by microglial cell clones, Eur. J. Immunol., 19, 1443, 10.1002/eji.1830190815

Ruff, 1981, Tumor necrosis factor, 2, 235

Schobitz, 1992, Localization of interleukin 6 mRNA and interleukin 6 receptor mRNA in rat brain, Neurosci. Lett., 136, 189, 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90046-A

Selmaj, 1990, Proliferation of astrocytes in vitro in response to cytokines. A primary role for tumor necrosis factor, J. Immunol., 144, 129, 10.4049/jimmunol.144.1.129

Shenkin, 1989, The serum interleukin 6 response to elective surgery, Lymphokine Res., 8, 123

Spranger, 1990, Regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in the rat central nervousystem: comparison between the effects of interleukin-1 and various growth factors in astrocyte cultures and in vivo, Eur. J. Neurosci., 2, 69, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1990.tb00382.x

Taupin, 1991, Endogenous anxiogenic peptide, ODN-diazepam binding inhibitor, and benzodiazepines enhance the production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α by human monocytes, Lymphokine Cytokine Res., 1, 7

Taupin, 1991, Benzodiazepine anesthesia in humans modulates the interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 responses of blood monocytes, J. Neuroimmunol., 35, 13, 10.1016/0165-5728(91)90157-3

Terebuth, 1992, Biologic and immunohistochemical analysis of interleukin-6 expression in vivo, Am. J. Pathol., 140, 649

Voll, 1991, Postischemic seizures and necrotizing ischemic brain damage: neuroprotective effect of post-ischemic diazepam and insulin, Neurology, 41, 423, 10.1212/WNL.41.3.423

Weissman, 1983, Pharmacological, electrophysiological and neurochemical actions of the convulsant benzodiazepine R05 4864, 139

Woodroofe, 1991, Detection of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in adult rat brain, following mechanical injury, by in vivo microdialysis: evidence of a role for microglia in cytokine production, J. Neuroimmunol., 33, 227, 10.1016/0165-5728(91)90110-S

Zavala, 1990, In vivo treatment with benzodiazepines inhibits murine phagocyte oxidative metabolism and production of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 255, 442