Incorporating Ethics into Artificial Intelligence

Amitaï Etzioni1, Oren Etzioni2
1The George Washington University, Washington, USA
2Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Anderson, Michael, and Susan Leigh Anderson (eds.). 2011. Machine ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Batavia, Parag H., Dean A. Pomerleau, and Charles E. Thorpe. 1996. Applying advanced learning algorithms to ALVINN. Carnegie Mellon University, The Robotics Institute. http://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub_files/pub1/batavia_parag_1996_1/batavia_parag_1996_1.pdf .

Benartzi, Shlomo, and Richard H. Thaler. 2013. Behavioral economics and the retirement savings crisis. Science 339: 1152–1153.

Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. 2009. The importance of default options for retirement saving outcomes: evidence from the United States. In Social security policy in a changing environment, ed. David A. Wise, and Jeffrey B. Liebman, 167–195. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bojarski, Mariusz, Davide Del Testa, Daniel Dworakowski, Bernhard Firner, Beat Flepp, Prasoon Goyal, Lawrence D. Jackel et al. 2016. End to end learning for self-driving cars. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07316 .

Bonnefon, Jean-François, Azim Shariff, and Iyad Rahwan. 2016. The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science 352: 1573–1576.

Constant, Benjamin. 1797. Des réactions politiques. Oeuvres complètes 1: 1774–1799.

DMello, Alvin. 2015. Rise of the humans: intelligence amplification will make us as smart as the machines. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/rise-of-the-humans-intelligence-amplification-will-make-us-as-smart-as-the-machines-44767 .

Domingos, Pedro. 2015. The master algorithm: How the quest for the ultimate learning machine will remake our world. New York: Basic Books.

Etzioni, Amitai, and Oren Etzioni. 2016a. AI assisted ethics. Ethics and Information Technology 18: 149–156.

Etzioni, Amitai, and Oren Etzioni. 2016b. Keeping AI legal. Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law 19: 133–146.

Frankfurt, Harry G. 1969. Alternate possibilities and moral responsibility. The Journal of Philosophy 66: 829–839.

Fried, Barbara H. 2012. What does matter? The case for killing the trolley problem (or letting it die). The Philosophical Quarterly 62: 505–529.

Gibbs, Samuel. 2015. What’s it like to drive with Tesla’s autopilot and how does it work? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/01/tesla-autopilot-model-s-crash-how-does-it-work .

Goodall, Noah. 2014. Ethical decision making during automated vehicle crashes. Transportation research record: journal of the transportation research board 2424: 58–65.

Harris, Mark. 2015. New pedestrian detector from Google could make self-driving cars cheaper. IEEE Spectrum. http://spectrum.ieee.org/cars-that-think/transportation/self-driving/new-pedestrian-detector-from-google-could-make-selfdriving-cars-cheaper .

Harris, Sam. 2011. The moral landscape: How science can determine human values. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Hsu, Jeremy. 2016. Deep learning makes driverless cars better at spotting pedestrians. IEEE Spectrum. http://spectrum.ieee.org/cars-that-think/transportation/advanced-cars/deep-learning-makes-driverless-cars-better-at-spotting-pedestrians .

Johnson, Eric J., and Daniel Goldstein. 2003. Do defaults save lives? Science 302: 1338–1339.

Joy, Bill. 2000. Why the future doesn’t need us. WIRED. http://www.wired.com/2000/04/joy-2/ .

Levin, Sam and Nicky Woolf. 2016. Tesla driver killed while using autopilot was watching Harry Potter, witness says. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/01/tesla-driver-killed-autopilot-self-driving-car-harry-potter .

Lohr, Steve. 2015. Homes try to reach smart switch. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/23/business/energy-environment/homes-try-to-reach-smart-switch.html?_r=0 .

Luban, David. 2005. Liberalism, torture, and the ticking bomb. Virginia Law Review 91: 1425–1461.

Lucas Jr., George R. 2013. Engineering, ethics and industry: the moral challenges of lethal autonomy. In Killing by remote control: the ethics of an unmanned military, ed. Bradley Jay Strawser, 211–228. New York: Oxford University Press.

Markoff, John. 2015. Machines of loving grace: the quest for common ground between humans and robots. New York: ECCO.

McDermott, Drew. 2011. What matters to a machine. In Machine ethics, ed. Michael Anderson, and Susan Leigh Anderson, 88–114. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Metz, Cade. 2016. Self-driving cars will teach themselves to save lives—but also take them. WIRED. http://www.wired.com/2016/06/self-driving-cars-will-power-kill-wont-conscience/ .

Mill, John Stuart. 2008. On liberty and other essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Millar, Jason. 2014. You should have a say in your robot car’s code of ethics. WIRED. http://www.wired.com/2014/09/set-the-ethics-robot-car/ .

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 2013. Traffic safety facts 2013: A compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system. US Department of Transportation. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812139 .

O’Connor, James. 2012. The trolley method of moral philosophy. Essays in Philosophy 13: 242–255.

Rozenfield, Monica. 2016. The next step for artificial intelligence is machines that get smarter on their own. The Institute. http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-topics/artificial-intelligence/the-next-step-for-artificial-intelligence-is-machines-that-get-smarter-on-their-own .

Shah, Rajiv C., and Christian Sandvig. 2008. Software defaults as de facto regulation the case of the wireless Internet. Information, Community and Society 11: 25–46.

Sharkey, Amanda, and Noel Sharkey. 2012. Granny and the robots: ethical issues in robot care for the elderly. Ethics and Information Technology 14: 27–40.

Sharkey, Noel, and Amanda Sharkey. 2010. The crying shame of robot nannies: an ethical appraisal. Interaction Studies 11: 161–190.

Spice, Byron. 2016. Carnegie Mellon transparency reports make AI decision-making accountable. Carnegie Mellon Computer University School of Computer Science. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/carnegie-mellon-transparency-reports-make-ai-decision-making-accountable .

Van Inwagen, Peter. 1997. Fischer on moral responsibility. The Philosophical Quarterly 47: 373–381.

Wallach, Wendell, and Colin Allen. 2009. Moral machines: teaching robots right from wrong. New York: Oxford University Press.

Waymo, https://waymo.com/journey/ . Accessed 14 Feb 2017.

Wood, Allen. 2007. Kantian ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.