Incipient tonogenesis in Phnom Penh Khmer: Acoustic and perceptual studies

Journal of Phonetics - Tập 43 - Trang 69-85 - 2014
James P. Kirby1
1School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Dugald Stewart Building, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, Scotland, UK

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abramson, 2007, Voice register in Khmu': Experiments in production and perception, Phonetica, 64, 80, 10.1159/000107911 Agresti, 2002 Baayen, 2008, Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items, Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 390, 10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005 Bates, D., Maechler, M., & Bolker, B. (2013). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.999999-2. 〈http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4 〉. Boersma, 1993, Accurate short-term analysis of the fundamental frequency and the harmonics-to-noise ratio of a sampled sound, Proceedings of the Institute of Phonetic Sciences, 17, 97 Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2011). Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Computer program). Version 5.2.26. 〈http://www.praat.org/〉. Accessed 17.06.2011. Cho, 2011, Laboratory phonology, 343 Cho, 2009, Effects of initial position versus prominence in English, Journal of Phonetics, 37, 466, 10.1016/j.wocn.2009.08.001 Cole, 2007, Prosodic effects on acoustic cues to stop voicing and place of articulation: Evidence from Radio News speech, Journal of Phonetics, 35, 180, 10.1016/j.wocn.2006.03.004 Denning, K. (1989). The diachronic development of phonological voice (Ph.D. dissertation). Stanford University. Diffloth, 1989, Proto-Austroasiatic creaky voice, Mon-Khmer Studies, 15, 139 Diffloth, G. (2003). Khmer. In W. Frawley (Ed.), International encyclopedia of linguistics (Vol. II, 2nd ed., pp. 355–359). Ferlus, 1980, Formation des registres et mutations consonantiques dans les langues Mon-Khmer, Mon-Khmer Studies, 8, 1 Ferlus, 1992, Essai de phonétique historique du khmer, Mon-Khmer Studies, 21, 57 Filippi, 2009 Fowler, 1997, Intrinsic F0 differences in spoken and sung vowels and their perception by listeners, Perception and Psychophysics, 59, 729, 10.3758/BF03206019 Gelman, 2007 Gick, 2006, Towards universals in the gestural organization of syllables: A cross-linguistic study of liquids, Journal of Phonetics, 34, 49, 10.1016/j.wocn.2005.03.005 Gick, 2002, MRI evidence for commonality in the post-oral articulations of English vowels and liquids, Journal of Phonetics, 30, 357, 10.1006/jpho.2001.0161 Guion, 2004, Aerodynamic coarticulation in sound change or how onset trills can condition a falling tone, 107 Headley, 1997 Henderson, 1952, The main features of Cambodian pronunciation, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 14, 149, 10.1017/S0041977X00084251 Hombert, J.-M. (1975). Towards a theory of tonogenesis: An empirical, physiologically and perceptually-based account of the development of tonal contrasts in language (Ph.D. dissertation). University of California at Berkeley. Hombert, 1977, Development of tones from vowel height?, Journal of Phonetics, 5, 9, 10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31109-X Huffman, F. E. (1967). An outline of Cambodian grammar (Ph.D. dissertation). Cornell University. Huffman, 1970 Huffman, 1972, The boundary between the monosyllable and the disyllable in Cambodian, Lingua, 29, 54, 10.1016/0024-3841(72)90006-X Huffman, 1976, The register problem in fifteen Mon-Khmer languages, 575 Huffman, F. E. (1985). Vowel permutations in Austroasiatic languages. In Linguistics of the Sino-Tibetan area: The state of the art: Papers presented to Paul K. Benedict for his 71st birthday (pp. 141–145). Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. Iseli, M., & Alwan, A. (2004). An improved correction formula for the estimation of harmonic magnitudes and its application to open quotient estimation. In Proceedings of ICASSP (pp. 669–672). Montreal. Jaeger, 2008, Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models, Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 434, 10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007 Jenner, 1974, The development of registers in Standard Khmer, Vol. 1, 47 Kingston, 2011, Tonogenesis, 2304 Kirby, 2013, The role of probabilistic enhancement in phonologization, 228 Klatt, 1990, Analysis, synthesis, and perception of voice quality variations among female and male talkers, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87, 820, 10.1121/1.398894 Kong, 2011, Why are Korean tense stops acquired so early? The role of acoustic properties, Journal of Phonetics, 39, 196, 10.1016/j.wocn.2011.02.002 Ladefoged, 1996 Lai, Y., Huff, C., Sereno, J., & Jongman, A. (2009). The raising effect of aspirated prevocalic consonants on F0 in Taiwanese. In J. Brooke (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on East Asian linguistics (Vol. 2). Laver, 1980 Liberman, 1984, Intonational invariance under changes in pitch range and length, 157 Lotto, 1997, Effect of voice quality on perceived height of English vowels, Phonetica, 54, 76, 10.1159/000262212 Matisoff, 1973, Tonogenesis in Southeast Asia, 71 McGowan, 1992, Tongue-tip trills and vocal tract wall compliance, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 2903, 10.1121/1.402927 Nakai, 2012, Quantity constraints on the temporal implementation of phrasal prosody in Northern Finnish, Journal of Phonetics, 40, 796, 10.1016/j.wocn.2012.08.003 Noss, 1966, The treatment of ⁎/r/ in two modern Khmer dialects, 89 Ohala, 1973, The physiology of tone, 1 Ohala, 1993, The phonetics of sound change, 237 Pierrehumbert, 1988 Pinnow, 1957, Sprachgeschichtliche Erwägungen zum Phonemesystem des Khmer, Zeitschrift für Phonetik, 10, 378 Pinnow, 1980, Reflections on the history of the Khmer phonemic system, Mon-Khmer Studies, 7, 103 Pisitpanporn, 1994, On the r>h shift in Phnom Penh Khmer, Mon-Khmer Studies, 24, 105 Pisitpanporn, 1999, A note on colloquial Phnom Penh Khmer, 243 Pittayaporn, P. (2007). Prosody of final particles in Thai: Interaction between lexical tones and boundary tones. Poster presented at the International Workshop on Intonational Phonology: Understudied or Fieldwork Languages. 〈http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/Workshop2007ICPhS/Papers/Pittayaporn-Thai-Poster.pdf〉. Accessed 08.05.2013. Premsrirat, 2001, Tonogenesis in Khmu dialects of SEA, Mon-Khmer Studies, 31, 47 Pulleyblank, 1978, The nature of Middle Chinese tones and their development to Early Mandarin, Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 6, 173 Repp, B. H. (1981). Phonetic and auditory trading relations between acoustic cues in speech perception: Preliminary results. Haskins Laboratories status report on speech research SR-67/68 (pp. 165–189). sbbic.org (2011). Khmer frequency corpus. 〈http://sbbic.org/Khmer-Corpus-Work.zip〉. Accessed 05.11.2012. Shattuck-Hufnagel, 1996, A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 25, 193, 10.1007/BF01708572 Shih, 1988, Tone and intonation in Mandarin, Working Papers of the Cornell Linguistics Laboratory, 3, 83 Silverman, K. E. A. (1987). The structure and processing of fundamental frequency contours (Ph.D. dissertation). University of Cambridge. Solé, 2002, Aerodynamic characteristics of trills and phonological patterning, Journal of Phonetics, 30, 655, 10.1006/jpho.2002.0179 Svantesson, 2006, Tone production, tone perception and Kammu tonogenesis, Phonology, 23, 309, 10.1017/S0952675706000923 ThȧchNgȯc Minh (1999). Monosyllabization in Kiengiang Khmer. Mon-Khmer Studies29, 81–95. Thurgood, 2002, Vietnamese and tonogenesis: Revising the model and the analysis, Diachronica, 19, 333, 10.1075/dia.19.2.04thu Wayland, 2002, Registrogenesis in Khmer: A phonetic account, Mon-Khmer Studies, 32, 101 Wayland, 2003, Acoustic correlates of breathy and clear vowels: The case of Khmer, Journal of Phonetics, 31, 181, 10.1016/S0095-4470(02)00086-4 Wayland, 2005, Sound changes following the loss of /r/ in Khmer: A new tonogenetic mechanism?, Mon-Khmer Studies, 35, 55 Weenink, D. (2009). The KlattGrid speech synthesizer. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 (pp. 2059–2062). Brighton, UK. Whalen, 1999, Cricothyroid activity in high and low vowels: Exploring the automaticity of intrinsic F0, Journal of Phonetics, 27, 125, 10.1006/jpho.1999.0091 Whalen, 1995, The universality of intrinsic F0 of vowels, Journal of Phonetics, 23, 349, 10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80165-0