Incidence of new onset dementia and health care utilization following spine fusions: A propensity score matching analysis

Mather, 2015, Aging in the United States, Popul Bull, 70 Acosta, 2011, Morbidity and mortality after spinal deformity surgery in patients 75 years and older: complications and predictive factors, J Neurosurg Spine, 15, 667, 10.3171/2011.7.SPINE10640 Kumar, 2021, Spine surgery in the octogenarian population: a comparison of demographics, surgical approach, and healthcare utilization with the PearlDiver Database, Cureus, 13, e14561 Kalanithi, 2009, National complication rates and disposition after posterior lumbar fusion for acquired spondylolisthesis, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 34, 1963, 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181ae2243 Saxton, 2011, Preoperative frailty and quality of life as predictors of postoperative complications, Ann Surg, 253, 1223, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318214bce7 Sharma, 2019, Differences in clinical outcomes and health care utilization between octogenarians and nonagenarians following decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis. A market scan analysis, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 182, 63, 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.04.031 Marquez-Lara, 2014, Current trends in demographics, practice, and in-hospital outcomes in cervical spine surgery: a national database analysis between 2002 and 2011, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 39, 476, 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000165 Baek, 2020, Risk factors of postoperative delirium in older adult spine surgery patients: a meta-analysis, Aorn J, 112, 650, 10.1002/aorn.13252 Needham, 2017, Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and dementia: what we need to know and do, Br J Anaesth, 119, i115, 10.1093/bja/aex354 Elsamadicy, 2017, Depression as an independent predictor of postoperative delirium in spine deformity patients undergoing elective spine surgery, J Neurosurg Spine, 27, 209, 10.3171/2017.4.SPINE161012 Adogwa, 2018, Association between baseline cognitive impairment and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity, J Neurosurg Spine, 28, 103, 10.3171/2017.5.SPINE161244 Fong, 2009, Delirium in elderly adults: diagnosis, prevention and treatment, Nat Rev Neurol, 5, 210, 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.24 Zhu, 2020, Risk factors for postoperative delirium after spinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Aging Clin Exp Res, 32, 1417, 10.1007/s40520-019-01319-y Berger, 2018, Neurocognitive function after cardiac surgery: from phenotypes to mechanisms, Anesthesiology, 129, 829, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002194 Zywiel, 2015, Health economic implications of perioperative delirium in older patients after surgery for a fragility hip fracture, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 97, 829, 10.2106/JBJS.N.00724 Fineberg, 2013, Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 38, 1790, 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a0d507 Müller, 2020, Evaluating mechanisms of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction following elective spine surgery in elderly patients (CONFESS): protocol for a prospective observational trial, JMIR Res Protoc, 9, e15488, 10.2196/15488 Moskven, 2022, The measurements of frailty and their possible application to spinal conditions: a systematic review, Spine J, 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.014 Hansen, 2018 Elixhauser, 1998, Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data, Med Care, 36, 8, 10.1097/00005650-199801000-00004 Quan, 2005, Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data, Med Care, 43, 1130, 10.1097/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83 Parikh, 2014, The effect of health insurance status on the treatment and outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer, J Surg Oncol, 110, 227, 10.1002/jso.23627 Faries, 2010 Bergstralh Abildstrom, 2000, Cognitive dysfunction 1–2 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly. ISPOCD group. International study of post-operative cognitive dysfunction, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 44, 1246, 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.441010.x Newman, 2001, Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function after coronary-artery bypass surgery, N Engl J Med, 344, 395, 10.1056/NEJM200102083440601 Moller, 1998, Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. ISPOCD investigators. International study of post-operative cognitive dysfunction, Lancet, 351, 857, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07382-0 Williams-Russo, 1995, Cognitive effects after epidural vs. general anesthesia in older adults. A randomized trial, JAMA, 274, 44, 10.1001/jama.1995.03530010058035 Sohn, 2021, Longitudinal study of the association between general anesthesia and increased risk of developing dementia, J Pers Med, 11, 10.3390/jpm11111215 Dietz, 2019, Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for spine surgery: a systematic review, World Neurosurg, 130, 415, 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.181 Dietz, 2019, Outcomes of decompression and fusion for treatment of spinal infection, Neurosurg Focus, 46, E7, 10.3171/2018.10.FOCUS18460 Sharma, 2019, Insights into complication rates, reoperation rates, and healthcare utilization associated with use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in patients with spine infections, Neurosurg Focus, 46, E8, 10.3171/2018.10.FOCUS18448