Incidence of congenital heart disease: I. Postnatal incidence

Altemus LA, Ferguson AD (1965) Comparative incidence of birth defects in Negro and White children.Pediatrics 36:56?61

Anderson CE, Edmonds LD, Erickson JD (1978) Patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect: trends in reported frequency.Am J Epidemiol 107:281?289

Anderson RC (1977) Congenital heart malformations in North American Indian children.Pediatrics 59:121?123

Benson PF, Bonham-Carter RE, Smellie JM (1961) Transient and intermittent systolic murmurs in newborn infants.Lancet 1:627?630

Berg JM, Crome L, France LE (1960) Congenital malformations in mongolism.Br Heart J 22:331?346

Bierman JM, Siegel E, French FE, Simonian K (1965) Analysis of the outcome of all pregnancies in a community: Kauai pregnancy study.Am J Obstet Gynecol 91:37?45

Borlée-Grimée I, De Wals P, Bouckaert A, Vincotte-Mols M, Lechat MF (1984) Prevalence des malformations congénitales á la naissance étude de 31.613 naissances dans 9 maternités de la région Sud du Hainaut, Belgique, 1979?1982.Louvain Med 103:65?75

Bound JP, Logan WFWE (1977) Incidence of congenital heart disease in Blackpool 1947?1971.Br Heart J 39:445?450

Byrne J, Warburton D, Kline J, Blanc W, Stein Z (1985) Morphology of early fetal deaths and their chromosomal characteristics.Teratology 32:297?315

Caddell JL, Conner DH (1966) Congenital heart disease in Ugandan children.Br Heart J 28:766?767

Caddell JL, Morton P (1967) Pattern of congenital heart disease in Yoruba children of Western Nigeria.Am Heart J 73:431?432

Carlgren LE (1959) The incidence of congenital heart disease in children born in Gothenburg 1941?1950.Br Heart J 21: 40?50

Carlgren LE (1969) The incidence of congenital heart disease in Gothenburg.Proc Assoc Eur Cardiol 5:2?8

Carlgren LE, Ericson A, Källén B (1987) Monitoring of congenital cardiac defects.Pediatr Cardiol 8:247?256

Carter CO (1974/5) The effect of successful treatment on the future birth frequency of congenital heart disease.Eur J Cardiol 2:374?375 [abstract]

Cerboni P, Robillard P-Y, Hulsey TC, Sibille G, Ngyuen J (1993) Congenital heart disease diagnosed in Guadeloupe.Bull Pan Am Health Org 27:151?153

Cernay J, Augustinova A (1985) Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in children in a population group. In:Second World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology, June 2?6, 1985. Springer-Verlag, New York, p 140

Colloridi V, Ventriglia F, Bastianon V, et al (1993) Natural history of ventricular septal defects by serial color-flow Doppler echocardiographic studies.Cardiol Young 3 (Suppl I):140

Cook D, Izukawa T, Rowe RD (1980) An epidemic of ventricular septal defects?Lancet 1: 1297

Correa-Villasenor A, McCarter R, Downing J, Ferencz C (1991) White-Black differences in cardiovascular malformations in infancy and socioeconomic factors.Am J Epideminol 134:393?402

Cullum L, Liebman J (1969) The association of congenital heart disease with Down's syndrome (mongolism).Am J Cardiol 24:354?347

Czeizel A, Kamarás J, Balogh Ö, Szentpéteri J (1972) Incidence of congenital heart defects in Budapest.Acta Paediatr Hung 13:191?202

Dickinson DF, Arnold R, Wilkinson JL (1981) Congenital heart disease among 160 480 liveborn children in Liverpool 1960 to 1969: implication for surgical treatment.Br Heart J 46:55?62

Diez T, Borreiro J, Ramos A, Solis G, Crespo M (1989) Cardiopatias congenitas en una serie de 53,578 ninos nacidos en Oviedo (1976?1985).Ar. Esp Pediatr 31:229?232

Edmonds LD, James LM (1985) Temporal trends in the incidence of malformation in the United States, selected years, 1970?71, 1982?83.MMWR, 34:1SS-3SS

Feldt RH, Avasthey P, Yoshimasu F, Kurland LT, Titus JL (1971) Incidence of congenital heart disease in children born to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota 1950?1969.Mayo Clin Proc 46:794?799

Ferencz C, Czeizel A, Lys F (1990) The problem of comparative analysis of birth prevalence of congenital cardiovascular malformations.Acta Paediatr Hung 30:169?189

Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ, et al (1987) Cardiac and non-cardiac malformations: observations in a populationbased study.Teratology 35:367?378

Ferguson-Smith MA, Yates JRW (1984) Maternal age specific rates for chromosome aberrations and factors influencing them: report of a collaborative European study on 52 965 amniocenteses.Prenat Diagn Special Issue 4:5?44

Fischer H, Sonnweber N, Sailer M, et al (1991) Incidence of congenital heart disease in the Tyrol, Austria 1979?1983.Padiatr Padol 26:57?60

Fixler DE, Pastor P, Chamberlin M, Sigman E, Eifler CW (1990) Trends in congenital heart disease in Dallas county births 1971?1984.Circulation 81:137?142

Fixler DE, Pastor P, Sigman E, Eifler CW (1993) Ethnicity and socioeconomic status: impact on the diagnosis of congenital heart disease.J Am Coll Cardiol 21:1722?1726

Grabitz RG, Joffres MR, Collins-Nakai RL (1988) Congenital heart disease: incidence in the first year of life: the Alberta Heritage Pediatric Cardiology Program.Am J Epidemiol 128:381?388

Greenwood RD, Rosenthal A, Parisi L, Fyler DC, Nadas AS (1975) Extracardiac abnormalities in infants with congenital heart disease.Pediatrics 55:485?492

Harvald B, Hels J (1972) Incidence of cardiac malformations in Greenlandic Eskimos.Humangenetik 15:257?260

Hassold T, Chiu D (1985) Maternal age-specific rates of numerical chromosome abnormalities with special reference to trisomy.Hum Genet 70:11?17

Hernandez FA, Miller RH, Schiebler GL (1969) Rarity of coarctation of the aorta in the American Negro.J Pediatr 74:623?625

Hiraishi S, Agata Y, Nowatari M, et al (1992) Incidence and natural course of trabecular ventricular septal defects: twodimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow imaging study.J Pediatr 120:409?415

Hoffman JIE (1968) Natural history of congenital heart disease: problems in its assessment with special reference to ventricular septal defects.Circulation 37:97?125

Hoffman JIE (1994) Reflections on the past, present, and future of paediatric cardiology.Cardiol Young 4:208?223

Hoffman JIE, Christianson R (1978) Congenital heart disease in a cohort of 19,502 births with long-term follow-up.Am J Cardiol 42:641?647

Hook EB (1976) Estimates of maternal age-specific risks of a Down's syndrome birth in women aged 34?41.Lancet 2:33?34

Hook EB, Farina MA, Hoff MB (1977) Death certificate reports of cardiovascular disorders in children: comparison with diagnoses in a pediatric cardiology registry.J Chronic Dis 30:383?391

Hook EB, Lindsjö A (1978) Down syndrome in live births by single year maternal age interval in a Swedish study: comparison with results from a New York state study.Am J Hum Genet 30:19?27

Kenna AP, Smithells RW, Fielding DW (1975) Congenital heart disease in Liverpool: 1960?69.Q J Med 173:17?44

Kerrebijn KF (1966) Incidence in infants and mortality from congenital malformations of the circulatory system.Acta Paediatr Scand 55:316?320

Klimentová T, Cernay J, Bircák J, Raisová A (1990) Vrodené chyby srdca u detí narodenych v rokov 1981?1987 v okresoch Bratislava a Bratislava-vidiek [Congenital heart defects in children born 1981?1987 in the Bratislava district and surrounding countryside].Cesk Pediatr 45:327?330

Kramer H-H, Majewski F, Trampisch HJ, Rammos S, Bourgeois M (1987) Malformation patterns in children with congenital heart disease.Am J Dis Child 141:789?795

Landtman B (1971) Clinical and morphological studies in congenital heart disease.Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 213:1?27

Laursen B (1976) Congenital heart disease in Down's syndrome.Br Heart J 38:32?38

Laursen HB (1980) Some epidemiological aspects of congenital heart disease in Denmark.Acta Paediatr Scand 69:619?624

Layde PM, Dooley K, Erickson JD, Edmonds LD (1980) Is there an epidemic of ventricular septal defects in the U.S.A.?Lancet 1:407?408

Layde PM, Dooley K, Erickson JD, Edmonds LD (1980) Reply to Cook D, Izukawa T, Rowe R (1980) An epidemic of ventricular defects?Lancet 1:1297?1298

Lien WP, Chen JR, Chen JH, et al (1986) Frequency of various congenital heart diseases in Chinese adults: analysis of 926 consecutive patients over 13 years of age.Am J Cardiol 57:840?844

Lilienfeld AM, Parkhurst E, Patton R, Schlesinger ER (1951) Accuracy of supplemental medical information on birth certificates.Public Health Rep 66:191?198

Liu MC, Corlett K (1959) A study of congenital defects in mongolism.Arch Dis Child 34:410?419

Lue H (1986) Is subpulmonic ventricular septal defect an Oriental disease? In: Lue HC, Takao A (eds)Subpulmonic ventricular septal defect. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 3?8

Lue HC (1988) Congenital heart disease in the East and West.Acta Paediatr Sin 29:39?45

Lue HC, Chen CM, Hsu JY, Chen CL (1976) The prevalence and types of congenital heart diseases in Chinese.J Formosan Med Assoc 75:53?59

Manetti A, Pollini I, Cecchi F, et al (1993) Epidemiologia delle malformazioni cardiovascolari. III. Prevalenza e decorso in 46.895 nati vivi all Maternità di Careggi, Firenze, nel periodo 1975?1984.G Ital Cardiol 23:145?152

Martin GR, Perry LW, Ferencz C (1989) Increased prevalence of ventricular septal defect: epidemic or improved diagnosis.Pediatrics 83:200?203

Martin ML, Adams MM, Mortensen ML (1990) Descriptive epidemiology of selected malformations of the aorta, Atlanta, 1970?1983.Teratology 42:273?283

Meberg A, Otterstad JE, Frøland G, Sørland S (1990) Barn med medfødt hjertfeil i Vestfold 1982?88.Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 110:354?357

Mészáros M, Nagy A, Kraszna G, Czeizel A (1980) Birth prevalence of congenital cardiovascular malformations in Hungary.Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung 21:221?225

Michaëlsson M (1965) Congenital heart disease?some data on the relative incidence, natural history and operability.Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 154:154?155

Mitchell SC, Korones SB, Berendes HW (1971) Congenital heart disease in 56, 109 births: incidence and natural history.Circulation 43:323?332

Mitchell SC, Sellmann AH, Westphal MC, Park J (1971) Etiologic correlates in a study of congenital heart disease in 56,109 births.Am J Cardiol 28: 653?657

Momma K, Takao A, Ando M (1982) Angiocardiographic study of coarctation of the aorta?morphology and morphogenesis.Jap Circ J 46:174?183

Muir CS (1966) Incidence of congenital heart disease in Singapore.Br Heart J 22:243?254

Neel JV (1958) A study of major congenital defects in Japanese infants.Am J Hum Genet 10:398?445

Pai BV, Varkey CC (1974) Spectrum of congenital heart disease in a general hospital: study of 200 cases.Ind J Pediatr 41:317?321

Park SC, Mathews RA, Zuberbuhler JR, et al (1977) Down syndrome with congenital heart malformation.Am J Dis Child 131:29?33

Pentek K, Szendrai E (1975) Incidence of congenital heart disease in Hungary.Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung 16: 55?57

Pinkley K, Stoefz PA (1981) Current trends: ventricular septal defect.MMWR 30:609?610

Richards MR, Merritt KK, Samuels MH, Langmann AG (1955) Congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system in a series of 6,053 infants.Pediatrics 15: 12?29

Roberts WC (1970) The congenitally bicuspid aortic valve: a study of 85 autopsy cases.Am J Cardiol 26:72?83

Rose V, Boyd ARJ, Ashton TE (1964) Incidence of heart disease in the city of Toronto.Can Med Assoc J 91:95?100

Rowe RD, Uchida IA (1961) Cardiac malformation in mongolism.Am J Med 31:726?735

Sakakibara S (1964) Surgical treatment of congenital cardiac lesions in infants younger than 2 years of age.Jpn Heart J 5:297?300

Samánek M, Slavík Z, Zbo?ilová B, et al (1989) Prospective study on incidence, treatment and outcome of heart diseases in 91 823 live born children.Pediatr Cardiol 10:205?211

Schrire V (1963) Experience with congenital heart disease at Groote Schuur hospital, Cape Town.S Afr Med J 37:1175?1180

Shaher RM, Farina MA, Porter IH, Bishop M (1972) Clinical aspects of congenital heart disease in mongolism.Am J Cardiol 29:497?503

Shann MKM (1969) Congenital heart disease in Taiwan, Republic of China.Circulation 39:251?258

Shapiro RN, Eddy W, Fitzgibbon J, O'Brien G (1958) The incidence of congenital anomalies discovered in the neonatal period.Am J Surg 96:396?400

Spooner EW, Hook EB, Farina MA, Shaher RM (1988) Evaluation of a temporal increase in ventricular septal defects: estimated prevalence and severity in northeastern New York, 1970?1983.Teratology 37:21?28

Stocker F, Arbenz U, Desbaillets P, et al (1980) vorkomen und Verlauf Angeborener Herzfehler im erstern Lebensjahr in der Schweiz.Padiatr Fortbildk Praxis 51:98?100

Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, Roth M-P (1990) Epidemiology of Down syndrome in 118,265 consecutive births.Am J Med Genet Suppl 7:79?83

Stoll C, Alembik Y, Roth MP, Dott B, De Geeter B (1989) Risk factors in congenital heart disease.Eur J Epidemiol 5:382?391

Strafford MA, Griffiths SP, Gersony WM (1982) Coarctation of the aorta; a study in delayed detection.Pediatrics 69:159?163

Tandon R, Edwards JE (1973) Cardiac malformations associated with Down's syndrome.Circulation 47:1349?1355

Tofler OB (1979) Congenital heart disease in Aboriginals.Med J Aust 1:620

Van der Horst RL, Gotsman MS (1972) Racial incidence of coarctation of the aorta.Br Heart J 34:289?294

Van der Horst RL, Winship WS, Pitaway D, Gibb BH, Lapinsky GB (1968) Congenital heart disease in the South African Bantu: a report of 117 cases.S Afr Med J 42:1271?1273

Wallooppillai NJ, Jayasinghe MD (1970) Congenital heart disease in Ceylon.Br Heart J 32:304?306

World Health Organization (1990)World Health Statistics Annual. United Nations Organization, Geneva