Incidence of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants among Enterococcus italicus isolates from dairy products

Bell, 1998, Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Australia: phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of isolates, J. Clin. Microbiol., 36, 2187, 10.1128/JCM.36.8.2187-2190.1998 Carvalho, 2004, Characterization of three new enterococcal species, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E1, Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, isolated from human clinical specimens, J. Clin. Microbiol., 42, 1192, 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1192-1198.2004 Clewell, 1993, Bacterial sex pheromone-induced plasmid transfer, Cell, 73, 9, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90153-H Clewell, 1995, Unconstrained bacterial promiscuity: the Tn916–Tn1545 family of cojugative transposons, Trends Microbiol., 3, 229, 10.1016/S0966-842X(00)88930-1 Clewell, 2000, Enterococcal sex pheromone precursors are part of signal sequences for surface lipoproteins, Mol. Microbiol., 35, 246, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01687.x De Vuyst, 2003, Screening for enterocins and detection of hemolysin and vancomycin resistance in enterococci of different origin, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 84, 299, 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00425-7 Eaton, 2001, Molecular screening of Enterococcus virulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 1628, 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1628-1635.2001 2000, Directive 2000/54/EC of 18 September 2000 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work, Official J. L, 262, 21 Evers, 1993, The vanB gene of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583 is structurally related to genes encoding D-Ala: D-Ala ligases and glycopeptide resistance proteins VanA and VanC, Gene, 124, 143, 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90779-3 Fortina, 2004, Molecular analysis of artisanal cheeses reveals Enterococcus italicus sp. nov, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 54, 1717, 10.1099/ijs.0.63190-0 Fortina, 2007, Rapid identification of Enterococcus italicus by PCR with primers targeted to 16S rRNA gene, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 44, 443, 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02082.x Foulquié Moreno, 2006, The role and application of enterococci in food and health, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 106, 1, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.026 Franz, 2001, Incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among enterococci isolated from food, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 4385, 10.1128/AEM.67.9.4385-4389.2001 Franz, 2003, Enterococci in foods – a conundrum for food safety, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 88, 105, 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00174-0 Galli, 1990, Sequence analysis of Enterococcus faecalis aggregation substance encoded by the sex pheromone plasmid pAD1, Mol. Microbiol., 4, 895, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00662.x Gevers, 2003, Molecular characterization of tet(M) genes in Lactobacillus isolates from different types of fermented dry sausage, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 1270, 10.1128/AEM.69.2.1270-1275.2003 Giraffa, 2002, Enterococci from foods, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 26, 163, 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00608.x Giraffa, 2003, Functionality of enterococci in dairy products, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 88, 215, 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00183-1 Hancock, 2004, Systematic inactivation and phenotypic characterization of two-component signal transduction systems of Enterococcus faecalis V583, J. Bacteriol., 186, 7951, 10.1128/JB.186.23.7951-7958.2004 Hummel, 2007, Characterisation and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from enterococci isolated from food, System. Appl. Microbiol., 30, 1, 10.1016/j.syapm.2006.02.004 Huys, 2004, Prevalence and molecular characterization of tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus isolates from food, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 1555, 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1555-1562.2004 Huys, 2006, Genetic basis of tetracycline and minocycline resistance in potentially probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain CCUG 43738, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50, 1550, 10.1128/AAC.50.4.1550-1551.2006 Jett, 1994, Virulence of enterococci, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 7, 462, 10.1128/CMR.7.4.462 Klare, 2003, Occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecium, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 88, 269, 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00190-9 Klare, 2005, Evaluation of new broth media for microdilution antibiotic susceptibility testing of lactobacilli, pediococci, lactococci and bifidobacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 8982, 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8982-8986.2005 Leclercq, 1988, Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium, N. Engl. J. Med., 319, 157, 10.1056/NEJM198807213190307 Lopes, 2005, Antimicrobial resistance profiles of dairy and clinical isolates and type strains of enterococci, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 103, 191, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.025 Lowe, 1995, Cloning of an Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen: homology with adhesins from some oral streptococci, Infect. Immun., 63, 703, 10.1128/IAI.63.2.703-706.1995 Mannu, 2003, Comparison of the incidence of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance between Enterococcus faecium strains of dairy, animal and clinical origin, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 88, 291, 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00191-0 Manson, 2004, Acquired bacitracin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis is mediated by an ABC transporter and a novel regulatory protein, BcrR, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 48, 3743, 10.1128/AAC.48.10.3743-3748.2004 Naser, 2006, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 56, 413, 10.1099/ijs.0.63891-0 Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed. Opinion of the FEEDAP panel on the updating of the criteria used in the assessment of bacteria for resistance to antibiotics of human and veterinary importance (Question No. EFSA-Q-2004-079), The EFSA J. 223 (2005) 1–12. Perreten, 2005, Microarray based detection of 90 antibiotic resistance genes of Gram positive bacteria, J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 2291, 10.1128/JCM.43.5.2291-2302.2005 Qin, 2000, Effects of Enterococcus faecalis fsr genes on production of gelatinase and a serine protease and virulence, Infect. Immun., 68, 2579, 10.1128/IAI.68.5.2579-2586.2000 Rice, 2003, A potential virulence gene, hylEfm, predominates in Enterococcus faecium of clinical origin, J. Infect. Dis., 187, 508, 10.1086/367711 Rich, 1999, Ace is a collagen-binding MSCRAMM from Enterococcus faecalis, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 26939, 10.1074/jbc.274.38.26939 Rossetti, 2005, Rapid identification of dairy lactic acid bacteria by M13-generated, RAPD-PCR fingerprint databases, J. Microbiol. Meth., 63, 135, 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.03.001 Semedo, 2003, Virulence factors in food, clinical and reference enterococci: a common trait in the genus?, System. Appl. Microbiol., 26, 13, 10.1078/072320203322337263 Shankar, 1999, Infection-derived Enterococcus faecalis strains are enriched in esp, a gene encoding a novel surface protein, Infect. Immun., 67, 193, 10.1128/IAI.67.1.193-200.1999 Singh, 1998, Generation and testing of mutants of Enterococcus faecalis in a mouse peritonitis model, J. Infect. Dis., 178, 1416, 10.1086/314453 Teuber, 2003, Antibiotic resistance and transfer in lactic acid bacteria, 317 Toledo-Arana, 2001, The enterococcal surface protein, Esp, is involved in Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 4538, 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4538-4545.2001 Vakulenko, 2003, Multiplex PCR for detection of aminoglycoside resistance genes in enterococci, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 1423, 10.1128/AAC.47.4.1423-1426.2003 Vancanneyt, 2002, Intraspecies genomic groups in Enterococcus faecium and their correlation with origin and pathogenicity, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68, 1381, 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1381-1391.2002 Vancanneyt, 2004, Enterococcus saccharominimus sp. nov., from dairy products, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 54, 2175, 10.1099/ijs.0.63193-0 Vankerckhoven, 2004, Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among European hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium, J. Clin. Microbiol., 42, 4473, 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4473-4479.2004 Wilcks, 2005, Characterization of transferable tetracycline resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from raw food, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 243, 15, 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.028