Incessant SVT in children: Ectopic atrial tachycardia and permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia

Gillette, 1985, Chronic supraventricular tachycardia. A curable cause of congestive cardiomyopathy, JAMA, 253, 391, 10.1001/jama.1985.03350270089028 Fishberger, 1996, Myocardial mechanics before and after ablation of chronic tachycardia, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 19, 42, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1996.tb04789.x Houmsse, 2011, Supraventricular tachycardia causing heart failure, Curr Opin Cardiol, 26, 261, 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328345b010 Salerno, 2011, Predictors of ECMO support in infants with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, Pediatr Cardiol, 32, 754, 10.1007/s00246-011-9961-4 Walsh, 2001, Automatic atrial and junctional tachycardias, 115 Toyohara, 2011, Electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency catheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia in children, Pediatr Cardiol, 32, 40, 10.1007/s00246-010-9809-3 Mehta, 1988, Ectopic automatic atrial tachycardia in children: clinical characteristics, management and follow-up, J Am Coll Cardiol, 11, 379, 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90106-4 Salerno, 2004, Clinical course of atrial ectopic tachycardia is age-dependent: results and treatment in children <3 or >or =3years of age, J Am Coll Cardiol, 43, 438, 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.031 Gillette, 1977, Electrophysiologic and pharmacologic characteristics of automatic ectopic atrial tachycardia, Circulation, 56, 571, 10.1161/01.CIR.56.4.571 Perry, 1989, Flecainide acetate for resistant arrhythmias in the young: efficacy and pharmacokinetics, J Am Coll Cardiol, 14, 185, 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90070-3 Price, 2002, Flecainide and sotalol: a new combination therapy for refractory supraventricular tachycardia in children <1year of age, J Am Coll Cardiol, 39, 517, 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01773-9 Fenrich, 1995, Flecainide and amiodarone: combined therapy for refractory tachyarrhythmias in infancy, J Am Coll Cardiol, 25, 1195, 10.1016/0735-1097(94)00513-P Kugler, 1994, Radiofrequency catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Should it be used in infants and small children?, Circulation, 90, 639, 10.1161/01.CIR.90.1.639 Franklin, 1994, Do infants have medically refractory supraventricular tachycardia?, J Am Coll Cardiol, 23, 250A Walsh, 1992, Transcatheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia in young patients using radiofrequency current, Circulation, 86, 1138, 10.1161/01.CIR.86.4.1138 Kugler, 1994, Radiofrequency catheter ablation for tachyarrhythmias in children and adolescents. The Pediatric Electrophysiology Society, N Engl J Med, 330, 1481, 10.1056/NEJM199405263302103 Campbell, 2002, Current status of radiofrequency ablation for common pediatric supraventricular tachycardias, J Pediatr, 140, 150, 10.1067/mpd.2002.121823 Saul, 1994, Late enlargement of radiofrequency lesions in infant lambs. Implications for ablation procedures in small children, Circulation, 90, 492, 10.1161/01.CIR.90.1.492 Cummings, 2008, Outcomes following electroanatomic mapping and ablation for the treatment of ectopic atrial tachycardia in the pediatric population, Pediatr Cardiol, 29, 393, 10.1007/s00246-007-9137-4 Kugler, 2002, Pediatric radiofrequency catheter ablation registry success, fluoroscopy time, and complication rate for supraventricular tachycardia: comparison of early and recent eras, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 13, 336, 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.00336.x Coumel, 1967, Tachycardie permanenta par rythme reciproque. I. Preuves du diagnostic par stimulation auriculaire et ventriculaire, Arch Mal Coeur, 1830 Gallagher, 1978, The permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia: further elucidation of the underlying mechanism, Eur J Cardiol, 8, 413 Prystowsky, 2004, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, 874 Coumel, 1975, Junctional reciprocating tachycardias. The permanent and paroxysmal forms of A-V nodal reciprocating tachycardias, J Electrocardiol, 8, 79, 10.1016/S0022-0736(75)80043-4 Lindinger, 1998, Permanent junctional re-entry tachycardia. A multicentre long-term follow-up study in infants, children and young adults, Eur Heart J, 19, 936, 10.1053/euhj.1997.0860 Meiltz, 2006, Permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia in adults: peculiar features and results of radiofrequency catheter ablation, Europace, 8, 21, 10.1093/europace/euj007 Gaita, 1995, Catheter ablation of permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia with radiofrequency current, J Am Coll Cardiol, 25, 648, 10.1016/0735-1097(94)00455-Y Vaksmann, 2006, Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in children: a multicentre study on clinical profile and outcome, Heart, 92, 101, 10.1136/hrt.2004.054163 Dorostkar, 1999, Clinical course of persistent junctional reciprocating tachycardia, J Am Coll Cardiol, 33, 366, 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00590-7 Critelli, 1997, Recognizing and managing permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in the catheter ablation era, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 8, 226, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1997.tb00784.x Packer, 1986, Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: a reversible form of left ventricular dysfunction, Am J Cardiol, 57, 563, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90836-2 Aguinaga, 1998, Long-term follow-up in patients with the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia treated with radiofrequency ablation, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 21, 2073, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01126.x Drago, 2001, Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in infants and children: effectiveness of medical and non-medical treatment, Ital Heart J, 2, 456 Femenia, 2012, Single-catheter radiofrequency ablation of a permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in a premature neonate, Cardiol Young, 1 Zalzstein, 1995, Successful radiofrequency ablation in a 3-month-old baby with permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia: a new era in the treatment of incessant life-threatening arrhythmias in infants, Am J Perinatol, 12, 82, 10.1055/s-2007-994409 Ticho, 1992, Variable location of accessory pathways associated with the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia and confirmation with radiofrequency ablation, Am J Cardiol, 70, 1559, 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90457-A Shih, 1994, Multiple accessory pathways in the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia, Am J Cardiol, 73, 361, 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90009-4 Josephson, 2008, Supraventricular tachycardias, 258 Ernst, 2004, Catheter ablation of atrioventricular reentry, 1085 Scaglione, 2001, Accessory pathway potential recording in a case of permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia with decremental conduction localized on the atrial site, Ital Heart J, 2, 147 Schneider, 2009, Incidence of coronary artery injury immediately after catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardias in infants and children, Heart Rhythm, 6, 461, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.01.029 Nadas, 1952, Paroxysmal tachycardia in infants and children; study of 41 cases, Pediatrics, 9, 167