In vitro experimental systems for HPV: Epithelial raft cultures for investigations of viral reproduction and pathogenesis and for genetic analyses of viral proteins and regulatory sequences

zur Hausen, 1994, Human papillomaviruses, Ann Rev Microbiol, 48, 427, 10.1146/annurev.micro.48.1.427 Chow, 1996, Small DNA tumor viruses, 267 Bell, 1983, The reconstitution of living skin, J Invest Dermatol, 81, 2s, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12539993 Asselineau, 1984, Reconstruction of ‘simplified’ skin: control of fabrication, Br J Dermatol, 27, 219, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15608.x Kopan, 1987, Retinoids as important regulators of terminal differentiation: examining keratin expression in individual epidermal cells at various stages of keratinization, J Cell Biol, 105, 427, 10.1083/jcb.105.1.427 Parenteau, 1991, Epidermis generated in vitro: Practical considerations and applications, J Cell Biochem, 45, 245, 10.1002/jcb.240450304 Wilson, 1992, Epithelial-specific gene expression during differentiation of stratified primary human keratinocyte cultures, Cell Growth Diff, 3, 471 Dollard, 1992, Production of human papillomavirus and modulation of the infectious program in epithelial raft cultures, Genes Dev, 6, 1131, 10.1101/gad.6.7.1131 Meyers, 1992, Biosynthesis of human papillomavirus from a continuous cell line upon epithelial differentiation, Science, 257, 971, 10.1126/science.1323879 Frattini, 1996, In vitro synthesis of oncogenic human papillomaviruses requires episomal genomes for differentiation-dependent late expression, 93, 3062 Kuo, 1994, Cell-free replication of the human papillomavirus DNA with homologous viral E1 and E2 proteins and human cell extracts, J Biol Chem, 269, 24058, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)51047-X Chow, 1994, Papillomavirus DNA replication, Intervirology, 37, 150, 10.1159/000150373 Cheng, 1995, Differentiation-dependent up-regulation of the human papillomavirus E7 gene reactivates cellular DNA replication in suprabasal differentiated keratinocytes, Genes Dev, 9, 2335, 10.1101/gad.9.19.2335 Blanton, 1992, Expression of the HPV16 E7 gene generates proliferation in stratified squamous cell cultures which is independent of endogenous p53 levels, Cell Growth Diff, 3, 791 Halbert, 1992, The E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus type 6 have weak immortalizing activity in human epithelial cells, J Virol, 66, 2125, 10.1128/JVI.66.4.2125-2134.1992 Woodworth, 1992, Recombinant retroviruses encoding human papillomavirus type 18 E6 and E7 genes stimulate cellular proliferation and suppress squamous differentiation in human keratinocytes in vitro, Oncogene, 7, 619 Boyce, 1983, Calcium-regulated differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes in chemically defined clonal culture and serum-free serial culture, J Invest Dermatol, 81, 33S, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12540422 Demeter, 1994, Induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in differentiated keratinocytes of human papillomavirus-infected lesions, Human Pathol, 25, 343, 10.1016/0046-8177(94)90141-4 Epstein, 1965, Cell renewal in human epidermis, Arch Dermatol, 92, 462, 10.1001/archderm.1965.01600160118025 Fuchs, 1990, Epidermal differentiation, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2, 1028, 10.1016/0955-0674(90)90152-5 Rader, 1990, In vitro differentiation of epithelial cells from cervical neoplasias resembles in vivo lesions, Oncogene, 5, 571 Vambutas, 1993, Laryngeal papilloma cells have high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and respond to epidermal growth factor by a decrease in epithelial differentiation, Cancer Res, 53, 910 DiLorenzo, 1995, Differential regulation of human papillomavirus type 6 and 11 early promoters in cultured cells derived from laryngeal papillomas, J Virol, 69, 6865, 10.1128/JVI.69.11.6865-6872.1995 Kreider, 1997, Xenograft models for HPV studies, Clin Dermatol, 15 Stoler, 1990, Infectious cycle of human papillomavirus type 11 in human foreskin xenografts in nude mice, J Virol, 64, 3310, 10.1128/JVI.64.7.3310-3318.1990 Stoler, 1986, In situ hybridization detection of human papilloma virus DNA and messenger RNA in genital condylomas and a cervical carcinoma, Hum Pathol, 17, 1250, 10.1016/S0046-8177(86)80569-X Crum, 1988, Accumulation of RNA homologous to human papillomavirus type 16 open reading frames in genital precancers, J Virol, 62, 84, 10.1128/JVI.62.1.84-90.1988 Stoler, 1989, Differentiation-linked human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 transcription in genital condylomata revealed by in situ hybridization with message-specific RNA probes, Virology, 172, 331, 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90135-9 Broker, 1989, A molecular portrait of human papillomavirus carcinogenesis, Cancer Cells, 7, 197 Beyer-Finkler, 1990, Cell differentiation-related gene expression of human papillomavirus 33, Med Microbiol Immunol, 179, 185, 10.1007/BF00195249 Dürst, 1992, Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) gene expression and DNA replication in cervical neoplasia: analysis by in situ hybridization, Virology, 189, 132, 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90688-L Higgins, 1992, Transcription patterns of human papillomavirus type 16 in genital intraepithelial neoplasia: evidence for promoter usage within the E7 open reading frame during epithelial differentiation, J Gen Virol, 73, 2047, 10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-2047 McCance, 1988, Human papillomavirus type 16 alters human epithelial cell differentiation in vitro, 85, 7169 Hudson, 1990, Immortalization and altered differntiation of human keratinocytes in vitro by the E6 and E7 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 18, J Virol, 64, 519, 10.1128/JVI.64.2.519-526.1990 Blanton, 1991, Epithelial cells immortalized by human papillomaviruses have premalignant characteristics in organotypic culture, Am J Pathol, 138, 673 Hurlin, 1991, Progression of human papillomavirus type 18-immortalized human keratinocytes to a malignant phenotype, 88, 570 Merrick, 1992, Altered expression of proliferation and differentiation markers in human papillomavirus 16 and 18 immortalized epithelial cells grown in organotypic culture, Am J Pathol, 140, 167 Steenbergen, 1996, Transition of human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 transfected human foreskin keratinocytes towards immortality: Activation of telomerase and allele losses at 3p, 10p, 11q and/or 18q, Oncogene, 13, 1249 Rheinwald, 1981, Tumorigenic keratinocyte lines requiring anchorage and fibroblast support cultured from human squamous cell carcinomas, Cancer Res, 41, 1657 Dollard, 1992, Production of type 11 human papillomavirus in vitro and regulation of transcription from the E6 promoter by viral and host factors in primary human keratinocytes, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. PhD Thesis, 115 DeGeest, 1993, Growth and differentiation of human papillomavirus type 31b positive human cervical cell lines, Gynecol Oncol, 49, 303, 10.1006/gyno.1993.1131 Bedell, 1991, Amplification of human papillomavirus genomes in vitro is dependent on epithelial differentiation, J Virol, 65, 2254, 10.1128/JVI.65.5.2254-2260.1991 Hummel, 1995, Human papillomavirus type 31b late gene expression is regulated through protein kinase C-mediated changes in RNA processing, J Virol, 69, 3381, 10.1128/JVI.69.6.3381-3388.1995 Hummel, 1992, Differentiation-induced and constitutive transcription of human papillomavirus type 31b in cell lines containing viral episomes, J Virol, 66, 6070, 10.1128/JVI.66.10.6070-6080.1992 Pray, 1995, Differentiation-dependent expression of E1∧E4 proteins in cell lines maintaining episomes of human papillomavirus type 31b, Virology, 206, 679, 10.1016/S0042-6822(95)80088-3 Brown, 1988, Identification of human papillomavirus type 11 E4 gene products in human tissue implants from athymic mice, Virology, 165, 262, 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90680-0 Stanley, 1989, Properties of a non-tumorigenic human cervical keratinocyte cell line, Int J Cancer, 43, 672, 10.1002/ijc.2910430422 Sterling, 1990, Production of human papillomavirus type 16 virions in a keratinocyte cell line, J Virol, 64, 6305, 10.1128/JVI.64.12.6305-6307.1990 Jeon, 1995, Integration of human papillomavirus type 16 into the human genome correlates with a selective growth advantage of cells, J Virol, 69, 2989, 10.1128/JVI.69.5.2989-2997.1995 Staedel, 1994, High efficiency transfection of primary human keratinocytes with positively charged lipopolyamine: DNA complexes, J Invest Dermatol, 102, 768, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12377673 Brune, 1995, Epithelial differentiation fails to support replication of cloned human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in transfected keratinocytes, J Invest Dermatol, 104, 277, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12612814 Scheffner, 1994, Functions of human papillomavirus proteins, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 186, 83 Weinberg, 1995, The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control, Cell, 81, 323, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90385-2 Lam, 1994, DP and E2F proteins: coordinating transcription with cell cycle progression, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 6, 859, 10.1016/0955-0674(94)90057-4 Harper, 1993, The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases, Cell, 75, 805, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90499-G Xiong, 1993, p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases, Nature, 366, 701, 10.1038/366701a0 Scheffner, 1993, The HPV-16 E6 and E6-AP complex functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53, Cell, 75, 495, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90384-3 Waga, 1994, The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases controls DNA replication by interaction with PCNA, Nature, 369, 574, 10.1038/369574a0 Flores-Rozas, 1994, Cdk-interacting protein 1 directly binds with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and inhibits DNA replication catalyzed by the DNA polymerase delta holoenzyme, 91, 8655 Chen, 1995, Separate domains of p21 involved in the inhibition of Cdk kinase and PCNA, Nature, 374, 386, 10.1038/374386a0 Demers, 1996, Abrogation of growth arrest signals by human papillomavirus type 16 E7 is mediated by sequences required for transformation, J Virol, 70, 6862, 10.1128/JVI.70.10.6862-6869.1996 Miller, 1989, Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression, Biotechniques, 7, 980 Korman, 1987, Expression of human class II major histocompatibility complex antigens using retrovirus vectors, 84, 2150