In vitro activity of nitazoxanide against some metronidazole-resistant and susceptible Trichomonas vaginalis isolates

World Health Organization, 2011 Saurina, 1999, A study of the prevalence of resistant trichomoniasis and response to treatment in Brooklyn, NY (abstract 088) Gillette, 1999, Metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis, a case series, 1985–1998 (abstract 067) Schmid, 2001, Prevalence of metronidazole resistant Trichomonas vaginalis in a gynecology clinic, J Reprod Med, 46, 545 Schwebke, 2006, Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates with resistance to metronidazole and tinidazole, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50, 4209, 10.1128/AAC.00814-06 Gendelman, 2014, Modified oral metronidazole desensitization protocol, Allergy Rhinol (Providence), 5, 66, 10.2500/ar.2014.5.0080 Cudmore, 2004, Treatment of infections caused by metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis, Clin Microbiol Rev, 17, 783, 10.1128/CMR.17.4.783-793.2004 Adagu, 2002, In vitro activity of nitazoxanide and related compounds against isolates of Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis, J Antimicrob Chemother, 49, 103, 10.1093/jac/49.1.103 Cedillo-Rivera, 2002, In vitro effect of nitazoxanide against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites, J Eukaryot Microbiol, 49, 201, 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00523.x McCann, 1974, Comparison of direct microscopy and culture in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis, Br J Vener Dis, 50, 450 Diamond, 1957, The establishment of various trichomonads of animals and man in axenic cultures, J Parasitol, 43, 488, 10.2307/3274682 Kulda, 1982, Metronidazole resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of treatment failure in trichomoniasis–A case report, Br J Vener Dis, 58, 394 Lossick, 1986, In vitro drug susceptibility and doses of metronidazole required for cure in cases of refractory vaginal trichomoniasis, J Infect Dis, 153, 948, 10.1093/infdis/153.5.948 Galvin, 2004, The role of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV transmission, Nat Rev Microbiol, 2, 33, 10.1038/nrmicro794 Sobel, 2001, Tinidazole therapy for metronidazole-resistant vaginal trichomoniasis, Clin Infect Dis, 33, 1341, 10.1086/323034 Leitsch, 2014, Trichomonas vaginalis reductase 1 and its role in metronidazole resistance, Mol Microbiol, 91, 198, 10.1111/mmi.12455 Mahmoud, 2015, Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Egyptian women using culture and Latex agglutination: cross-sectional study, BMC Womens Health, 15, 7, 10.1186/s12905-015-0169-2 Hegazy, 2012, Performance of rapid immunochromatographic assay in the diagnosis of Trichomoniasis vaginalis, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 74, 49, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.003 Müller, 1988, In vitro susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole and treatment outcome in vaginal trichomoniasis, Sex Transm Dis, 15, 17, 10.1097/00007435-198801000-00004 Krashin, 2010, Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence, incidence, risk factors and antibiotic-resistance in an adolescent population, Sex Transm Dis, 37, 440, 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181cfcd8c Rabiee, 2012, Comparison of resistant and susceptible strains of Trichomons vaginalis to metronidazole using PCR method, Iran J Parasitol, 7, 24 Wright, 2010, Susceptibility in vitro of clinically metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis to nitazoxanide, toyocamycin, and 2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine, Parasitol Res, 107, 847, 10.1007/s00436-010-1938-3 Dan, 2007, Failure of nitazoxanide to cure trichomoniasis in three women, Sex Trans Dis, 34, 813, 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31802f5d9a