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Đánh giá độc tính và rủi ro sinh thái trong tình huống tại dòng sông Madre de Dios ở Costa Rica do chất thải pesticide nông nghiệp
Tóm tắt
Dòng sông Madre de Dios (RMD) và đầm nước của nó là một lưu vực đa dạng sinh học phong phú, được hình thành bởi một hệ thống suối, sông, kênh rạch và một đầm ven biển nối liền với biển Caribbean. Lưu vực này duy trì một khu vực rộng lớn hoạt động nông nghiệp (chủ yếu là chuối, gạo và dứa) với việc sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu một cách triệt để, liên tục được phát hiện trong các mẫu nước. Chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu độc tính tại chỗ do dòng chảy thuốc trừ sâu từ nông nghiệp gây ra và mối quan hệ của nồng độ thuốc trừ sâu với các cấp tổ chức sinh học khác nhau: phản ứng sớm ở các dấu hiệu sinh học của cá (cấp độ dưới cơ thể), độc tính cấp tính đối với Daphnia magna (cấp độ cơ thể), và cấu trúc cộng đồng động vật không xương sống thủy sinh. Cuộc đánh giá được thực hiện từ tháng 10 năm 2011 đến tháng 11 năm 2012 tại năm địa điểm dọc theo dòng sông RMD bị ảnh hưởng bởi lượng thải nông nghiệp và một địa điểm tham khảo trong một con suối bên ngoài RMD nhận ít thuốc trừ sâu hơn. Độc tính cấp tính đối với D. magna chỉ được quan sát thấy một lần trong một mẫu từ RMD (Caño Azul); chỉ số phản ứng của dấu hiệu sinh học ở cá tiếp xúc tại chỗ cao hơn so với các mẫu đối chứng tại cùng một địa điểm và tại RMD-Freeman. Tuy nhiên, chỉ có động vật không xương sống lớn mới có liên quan thống kê đến sự hiện diện của thuốc trừ sâu, kết hợp với cả các tham số vật lý-hóa học và sự suy thoái môi trường sống. Tất cả ba nhóm biến số đã xác định sự phân bố của các taxon động vật không xương sống lớn tại các địa điểm nghiên cứu.
Từ khóa
#Madre de Dios River #pesticide runoff #ecological risk assessment #Daphnia magna #aquatic macroinvertebratesTài liệu tham khảo
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