In major affective disorders, early life trauma predict increased nitro-oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and recurrence of major affective disorders, suicidal behaviors and a lowered quality of life

Juliana Brum Moraes1, Michael Maes2,3,4,1,5,6, Chutima Roomruangwong6, Kamila Landucci Bonifacio1, Decio Sabbatini Barbosa1, Heber Odebrecht Vargas1, George Anderson7, Marta Kubera8, Andre F. Carvalho9, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes1
1Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
2IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
3Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands
4IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
5Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
6Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
7CRC Scotland & London, London, UK
8Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
9Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Fortaleza, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Early life trauma (ELT) may increase the risk towards bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD), disorders associated with activated neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways. It has remained elusive whether ELTs are associated with O&NS and which ELTs are associated with distinct affective disorder phenotypes. This case-control study examined patients with BD (n = 68) and MDD (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 66). The Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess specific ELT. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP); NO metabolites (NOx), paraoxonase 1 activity, zinc, albumin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and -SH groups and computed z-unit weighted composite scores. Physical neglect significantly predicts higher z-unit weighted composite scores of LOOH+SOD, LOOH+SOD+NOx, LOOH+SOD+NOx + MDA and LOOH+SOD+NOx + AOPP. Sexual abuse was associated with a significantly lower composite score of zinc+albumin+SH. Emotional abuse was associated with severity of depression and anxiety, number of depressive and manic episodes, alcohol and hypnotics use, lifetime suicidal behavior and lowered quality of life. Sexual abuse was associated with an increased risk towards BD, but not MDD. ELT, especially physical neglect, may drive increased (nitro-)oxidative stress coupled with lipid and protein oxidation, which - together with emotional abuse - may play a role in severity of illness, lowered quality of life and MDD. ELTs are also associated with the onset of BD, but this link did not appear to be related to activated O&NS pathways. These novel findings deserve confirmation in prospective studies.

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