In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for Excellent Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling

Nanomaterials - Tập 11 Số 11 - Trang 3078
Shahab Moghari1, Seyed Hassan Jafari1, Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi2, Maryam Jouyandeh2, Aleksander Hejna3, Payam Zarrintaj4, Mohammad Reza Saeb3
1School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 11155-4563, Iran
2Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 141746-6191, Iran
3Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza, 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
4School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA

Tóm tắt

In-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) has been successfully performed by taking advantage of 8-hydroxyquinolines in the lumen of HNTs and precisely synthesized aniline oligomers (AO) of different lengths (tri- and pentamer) anchored on the external surface of the HNTs. Several analyses, including FTIR, H-NMR, TGA, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEM, were used to establish the nature of the HNTs’ surface engineering. Nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy resin at 0.1 wt.% loading for investigation of the contribution of surface chemistry to epoxy cure behavior and kinetics. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data were fed into home-written MATLAB codes, and isoconversional approaches were used to determine the apparent activation energy (Eα) as a function of the extent of cure reaction (α). Compared to pristine HNTs, AO-HNTs facilitated the densification of an epoxy network. Pentamer AO-HNTs with longer arms promoted an Excellent cure; with an Eα value that was 14% lower in the presence of this additive than for neat epoxy, demonstrating an enhanced cross-linking. The model also predicted a triplet of cure (m, n, and ln A) for autocatalytic reaction order, non-catalytic reaction order, and pre-exponential factor, respectively, by the Arrhenius equation. The enhanced autocatalytic reaction in AO-HNTs/epoxy was reflected in a significant rise in the value of m, from 0.11 to 0.28. Kinetic models reliably predict the cure footprint suggested by DSC measurements.

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Nanomaterials

Tập 11 Số 11

3078

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