Improving the therapeutic efficiency of noncoding RNAs in cancers using targeted drug delivery systems

Drug Discovery Today - Tập 25 - Trang 718-730 - 2020
Rami Alzhrani1,2, Hashem O. Alsaab2, Alex Petrovici1, Ketki Bhise1, Kushal Vanamala1, Samaresh Sau1, Matthew J. Krinock1,3, Arun K. Iyer1,4
1Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
3Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
4Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Wapinski, 2011, Long noncoding RNAs and human disease, Trends Cell Biol., 21, 354, 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.04.001 Mercer, 2009, Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions, Nat. Rev. Genet., 10, 155, 10.1038/nrg2521 Matsui, 2017, Non-coding RNAs as drug targets, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 16, 167, 10.1038/nrd.2016.117 Gutschner, 2012, The hallmarks of cancer: a long non-coding RNA point of view, RNA Biol., 9, 703, 10.4161/rna.20481 Anastasiadou, 2017, Non-coding RNA networks in cancer, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 18, 5, 10.1038/nrc.2017.99 Mattick, 2006, Non-coding RNA, Hum. Mol. Genet., 15, R17, 10.1093/hmg/ddl046 Mendell, 2005, MicroRNAs: critical regulators of development, cellular physiology and malignancy, Cell Cycle, 4, 1179, 10.4161/cc.4.9.2032 He, 2004, Erratum: MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation, Nat. Rev. Genet., 5, 522, 10.1038/nrg1379 Esquela-Kerscher, 2006, Oncomirs:microRNAs with a role in cancer, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 6, 259, 10.1038/nrc1840 Hammond, 2007, MicroRNAs as tumor suppressors, Nat. Genet., 39, 582, 10.1038/ng0507-582 Nicoloso, 2009, MicroRNAs - the micro steering wheel of tumour metastases, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 9, 293, 10.1038/nrc2619 Esteller, 2011, Non-coding RNAs in human disease, Nat. Rev. Genet., 12, 861, 10.1038/nrg3074 Shi, 2013, Long non-coding RNAs: a new frontier in the study of human diseases, Cancer Lett., 339, 159, 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.013 Yang, 2015, MDR1 siRNA loaded hyaluronic acid-based CD44 targeted nanoparticle systems circumvent paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer, Sci. Rep., 5, 8509, 10.1038/srep08509 Ganesh, 2013, In vivo biodistribution of siRNA and cisplatin administered using CD44-targeted hyaluronic acid nanoparticles, J. Control. Release, 172, 699, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.016 Yang, 2015, Cluster of differentiation 44 targeted hyaluronic acid based nanoparticles for MDR1 siRNA delivery to overcome drug resistance in ovarian cancer, Pharm. Res., 32, 2097, 10.1007/s11095-014-1602-1 Ma, 2013, On the classification of long non-coding RNAs, RNA Biol., 10, 924, 10.4161/rna.24604 Lin, 2008, Translational control by a small RNA: dendritic BC1 RNA targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A helicase mechanism, Mol. Cell. Biol., 28, 3008, 10.1128/MCB.01800-07 Parrott, 2011, The evolution and expression of the snaR family of small non-coding RNAs, Nucleic Acids Res., 39, 1485, 10.1093/nar/gkq856 Beltran, 2008, A natural antisense transcript regulates Zeb2/Sip1 gene expression during Snail1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Genes Dev., 22, 756, 10.1101/gad.455708 Cesana, 2011, A long noncoding RNA controls muscle differentiation by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA, Cell, 147, 358, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.028 Sumazin, 2011, An extensive microRNA-mediated network of RNA-RNA interactions regulates established oncogenic pathways in glioblastoma, Cell, 147, 370, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.041 Gong, 2011, lncRNAs transactivate STAU1-mediated mRNA decay by duplexing with 3′ UTRs via Alu elements, Nature, 470, 284, 10.1038/nature09701 Salmena, 2011, ceRNA hypothesis: the Rosetta Stone of a hidden RNA language?, Cell, 146, 353, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.014 Tay, 2011, Coding-independent regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by competing endogenous mRNAs, Cell, 147, 344, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.029 Faghihi, 2008, Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of β-secretase, Nat. Med., 14, 723, 10.1038/nm1784 Wang, 2009, MicroRNA-based therapeutics for cancer, BioDrugs, 23, 15, 10.2165/00063030-200923010-00002 Heneghan, 2010, MiRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 10, 543, 10.1016/j.coph.2010.05.010 Sakamoto, 2017, Non-coding RNAs are promising targets for stem cell-based cancer therapy, Noncoding RNA Res., 2, 283 Ozcan, 2015, Preclinical and clinical development of siRNA-based therapeutics, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 87, 108, 10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.007 Chakraborty, 2017, Therapeutic miRNA and siRNA: moving from bench to clinic as next generation medicine, Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids, 8, 132, 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.005 Kim, 2016, Recent progress in development of siRNA delivery vehicles for cancer therapy, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 104, 61, 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.011 Lares, 2010, RNAi and small interfering RNAs in human disease therapeutic applications, Trends Biotechnol., 28, 570, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.07.009 Ozpolat, 2014, Liposomal siRNA nanocarriers for cancer therapy, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 66, 110, 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.008 Bumcrot, 2006, RNAi therapeutics: a potential new class of pharmaceutical drugs, Nat. Chem. Biol., 2, 711, 10.1038/nchembio839 Selvam, 2017, Therapeutic potential of chemically modified siRNA: recent trends, Chem. Biol. Drug Des., 90, 665, 10.1111/cbdd.12993 Krützfeldt, 2005, Silencing of microRNAs in vivo with ‘antagomirs’, Nature, 438, 685, 10.1038/nature04303 Oh, 2009, A highly effective and long-lasting inhibition of miRNAs with PNA-based antisense oligonucleotides, Mol. Cells, 28, 341, 10.1007/s10059-009-0134-8 Weinstein, 2010, RNAi nanomedicines: challenges and opportunities within the immune system, Nanotechnology, 21, 232001, 10.1088/0957-4484/21/23/232001 Wang, 2010, Delivery of siRNA therapeutics: barriers and carriers, The AAPS Journal, 12, 492, 10.1208/s12248-010-9210-4 Mukherjee, 1997, Endocytosis, Physiol. Rev., 77, 759, 10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.759 Zuckerman, 2015, Clinical experiences with systemically administered siRNA-based therapeutics in cancer, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 14, 843, 10.1038/nrd4685 Shen, 2014, Cyclodextrin and polyethylenimine functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for delivery of siRNA cancer therapeutics, Theranostics, 4, 487, 10.7150/thno.8263 Ewe, 2017, Liposome-polyethylenimine complexes (DPPC-PEI lipopolyplexes) for therapeutic siRNA delivery in vivo, Nanomedicine, 13, 209, 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.005 Xiang, 2017, Enhancing siRNA-based cancer therapy using a new pH-responsive activatable cell-penetrating peptide-modified liposomal system, Int. J. Nanomed., 12, 2385, 10.2147/IJN.S129574 Sun, 2019, Delivery of siRNA using folate receptor-targeted pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy, Nanomedicine, 20, 102017, 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102017 Busch, 2016, Prospective and therapeutic screening value of non-coding RNA as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease, Annals of translational medicine, 4, 10.21037/atm.2016.06.06 Adams, 2014, Aberrant regulation and function of microRNAs in cancer, Curr. Biol., 24, R762, 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.043 Zeliadt, 2014, Big pharma shows signs of renewed interest in RNAi drugs, Nat. Med., 20, 109, 10.1038/nm0214-109 van Rooij, 2012, Developing microRNA therapeutics, Circ. Res., 110, 496, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.247916 Stenvang, 2012, Inhibition of microRNA function by antimiR oligonucleotides, Silence, 3, 1, 10.1186/1758-907X-3-1 Henry, 2010, miR-199a-3p targets CD44 and reduces proliferation of CD44 positive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 403, 120, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.130 Pereira, 2013, Delivering the promise of miRNA cancer therapeutics, Drug Discov. Today, 18, 282, 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.10.002 Shah, 2016, microRNA therapeutics in cancer - an emerging concept, EBioMedicine, 12, 34, 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.017 Nielsen, 1994, Peptide nucleic acid (PNA). A DNA mimic with a peptide backbone, Bioconjug. Chem., 5, 3, 10.1021/bc00025a001 Fabani, 2008, miR-122 targeting with LNA/2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide mixmers, peptide nucleic acids (PNA), and PNA--peptide conjugates, RNA, 14, 336, 10.1261/rna.844108 Misso, 2014, Mir-34: a new weapon against cancer?, Mol. Ther. Acids, 3, e195, 10.1038/mtna.2014.47 Pirollo, 2008, Tumor-targeting nanocomplex delivery of novel tumor suppressor RB94 chemosensitizes bladder carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo, Clin. Cancer Res., 14, 2190, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1951 Trang, 2011, Systemic delivery of tumor suppressor microRNA mimics using a neutral lipid emulsion inhibits lung tumors in mice, Mol. Ther., 19, 1116, 10.1038/mt.2011.48 Kasinski, 2015, A combinatorial microRNA therapeutics approach to suppressing non-small cell lung cancer, Oncogene, 34, 3547, 10.1038/onc.2014.282 Woodrow, 2009, Intravaginal gene silencing using biodegradable polymer nanoparticles densely loaded with small-interfering RNA, Nat. Mater., 8, 526, 10.1038/nmat2444 Rinn, 2012, Genome regulation by long noncoding RNAs, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 81, 145, 10.1146/annurev-biochem-051410-092902 Smaldone, 2010, BC-819, a plasmid comprising the H19 gene regulatory sequences and diphtheria toxin A, for the potential targeted therapy of cancers, Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther., 12, 607 Fatemi, 2014, De-repressing LncRNA-targeted genes to upregulate gene expression: focus on small molecule therapeutics, Mol. Ther. Acids, 3, e196, 10.1038/mtna.2014.45 Rettig, 2012, Progress toward in vivo use of siRNAs-II, Mol. Ther., 20, 483, 10.1038/mt.2011.263 Kurreck, 2002, Design of antisense oligonucleotides stabilized by locked nucleic acids, Nucleic Acids Res., 30, 1911, 10.1093/nar/30.9.1911 Tsang, 2007, MicroRNA-mediated feedback and feedforward loops are recurrent network motifs in mammals, Mol. Cell., 26, 753, 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.018 Trang, 2010, Regression of murine lung tumors by the let-7 microRNA, Oncogene, 29, 1580, 10.1038/onc.2009.445 Bandi, 2011, miR-34a and miR-15a/16 are co-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer and control cell cycle progression in a synergistic and Rb-dependent manner, Mol. Cancer, 10, 55, 10.1186/1476-4598-10-55 Herranz, 2010, MicroRNAs and gene regulatory networks: managing the impact of noise in biological systems, Genes Dev., 24, 1339, 10.1101/gad.1937010 Babar, 2012, Nanoparticle-based therapy in an in vivo microRNA-155 (miR-155)-dependent mouse model of lymphoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109, E1695, 10.1073/pnas.1201516109 Kasinski, 2012, miRNA-34 prevents cancer initiation and progression in a therapeutically resistant K-ras and p53-induced mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma, Cancer Res., 72, 5576, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2001 Liu, 2013, Downregulation of GAS5 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation, partly by regulating CDK6, PLoS One, 8, e73991, 10.1371/journal.pone.0073991 Guo, 2015, GAS5 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation partly by modulating CDK6, Oncol. Res. Treat., 38, 362, 10.1159/000433499 Yin, 2014, Long noncoding RNA GAS5 affects cell proliferation and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, Med. Oncol., 31, 253, 10.1007/s12032-014-0253-8 Yang, 2014, Down-regulation of mir-221 and mir-222 restrain prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration that is partly mediated by activation of SIRT1, PLoS One, 9, e98833, 10.1371/journal.pone.0098833 Wang, 2015, Effects of microRNA-221/222 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, Gene, 572, 252, 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.017 Stahlhut, 2012, miR-1 and miR-206 regulate angiogenesis by modulating VegfA expression in zebrafish, Development, 139, 4356, 10.1242/dev.083774 Kuehbacher, 2007, Role of Dicer and Drosha for endothelial microRNA expression and angiogenesis, Circ. Res., 101, 59, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.153916 Cimmino, 2005, miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 102, 13944, 10.1073/pnas.0506654102 Meng, 2007, MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer, Gastroenterology, 133, 647, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.022 De Mattos-Arruda, 2015, MicroRNA-21 links epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammatory signals to confer resistance to neoadjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients, Oncotarget, 6, 37269, 10.18632/oncotarget.5495 Yigit, 2013, Context-dependent differences in miR-10b breast oncogenesis can be targeted for the prevention and arrest of lymph node metastasis, Oncogene, 32, 1530, 10.1038/onc.2012.173 Ma, 2010, Therapeutic silencing of miR-10b inhibits metastasis in a mouse mammary tumor mode, Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 341, 10.1038/nbt.1618 Liu, 2012, miR-10b promotes cell invasion through RhoC-AKT signaling pathway by targeting HOXD10 in gastric cancer, Int. J. Oncol., 40, 1553 Xue, 2015, Lipid-based nanocarriers for RNA delivery, Curr. Pharm. Des., 21, 3140, 10.2174/1381612821666150531164540 Gascón, 2013, Non-viral delivery systems in gene therapy, 3 Ghosh, 2013, A gold nanoparticle platform for the delivery of functional microRNAs into cancer cells, Biomaterials, 34, 807, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.023 Alhasan, 2014, Exosome encased spherical nucleic acid gold nanoparticle conjugates as potent MicroRNA regulation agents, Small, 10, 186, 10.1002/smll.201302143 Gao, 2017, Nrf-2-driven long noncoding RNA ODRUL contributes to modulating silver nanoparticle-induced effects on erythroid cells, Biomaterials, 130, 14, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.027 Mouraviev, 2016, Clinical prospects of long noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis., 19, 14, 10.1038/pcan.2015.48 Oh, 2009, siRNA deliverysystems forcancer treatment, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 61, 850, 10.1016/j.addr.2009.04.018 Monteiro, 2014, Liposomes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, J. R. Soc. Interface, 11, 10.1098/rsif.2014.0459 Kanasty, 2013, Delivery materials for siRNA therapeutics, Nat. Mater., 12, 967, 10.1038/nmat3765 Gabizon, 1994, Prolonged circulation time and enhanced accumulation in malignant exudates of doxorubicin encapsulated in polyethylene-glycol coated liposomes, Cancer Res., 54, 987 Gabizon, 1991, Pharmacokinetic and imaging studies in patients receiving a formulation of liposome-associated adriamycin, Br. J. Cancer, 64, 1125, 10.1038/bjc.1991.476 Allen, 2013, Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 65, 36, 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037 Bouchie, 2013, First microRNA mimic enters clinic, Nat. Biotechnol., 31, 577, 10.1038/nbt0713-577 Chen, 2010, Multifunctional nanoparticles delivering small interfering RNA and doxorubicin overcome drug resistance in cancer, J. Biol. Chem., 285, 22639, 10.1074/jbc.M110.125906 Brito, 2014, A cationic nanoemulsion for the delivery of next-generation RNA vaccines, Mol. Ther., 22, 2118, 10.1038/mt.2014.133 Fang, 2008, Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for topical psoralen delivery: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) versus nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, 633, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.05.008 Chen, 2018, RNA interference-based therapy and its delivery systems, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 37, 107, 10.1007/s10555-017-9717-6 Gary, 2007, Polymer-based siRNA delivery: perspectives on the fundamental and phenomenological distinctions from polymer-based DNA delivery, J. Control. Release, 121, 64, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.05.021 Wagner, 2011, Polymers for siRNA delivery: inspired by viruses to be targeted, dynamic, and precise, Acc. Chem. Res., 45, 1005, 10.1021/ar2002232 Dehousse, 2010, Development of pH-responsive nanocarriers using trimethylchitosans and methacrylic acid copolymer for siRNA delivery, Biomaterials, 31, 1839, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.028 Sun, 2008, Self-assembled biodegradable micellar nanoparticles of amphiphilic and cationic block copolymer for siRNA delivery, Biomaterials, 29, 4348, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.036 Sau, 2018, A tumor multicomponent targeting chemoimmune drug delivery system for reprograming the tumor microenvironment and personalized cancer therapy, Drug Discov. Today, 23, 1344, 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.003 Alsaab, 2017, PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling inhibition for cancer immunotherapy: mechanism, combinations, andclinical outcome, Front. Pharmacol., 8, 561, 10.3389/fphar.2017.00561 Wickens, 2017, Recent advances in hyaluronic acid-decorated nanocarriers for targeted cancer therapy, Drug Discov. Today, 22, 665, 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.12.009 Bhise, 2017, Nanomedicine for cancer diagnosis and therapy: advancement, success and structure--activity relationship, Ther. Deliv., 8, 1003, 10.4155/tde-2017-0062 Riaz, 2018, Surface functionalization and targeting strategies of liposomes in solid tumor therapy: a review, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19, 195, 10.3390/ijms19010195 Torchilin, 2010, Passive and active drug targeting: drug delivery to tumors as an example, Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 197, 3, 10.1007/978-3-642-00477-3_1 Li, 2017, Be active or not: the relative contribution of active and passive tumor targeting of nanomaterials, Nanotheranostics, 1, 346, 10.7150/ntno.19380 Maeda, 2013, The EPR effect for macromolecular drug delivery to solid tumors: Improvement of tumor uptake, lowering of systemic toxicity, and distinct tumor imaging in vivo, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 65, 71, 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.002 Costa, 2018, Micelle-like nanoparticles as siRNA and miRNA carriers for cancer therapy, Biomed. Microdevices, 20, 59, 10.1007/s10544-018-0298-0 Low, 2008, Discovery and development of folic-acid-based receptor targeting for imaging and therapy of cancer and inflammatory diseases, Acc. Chem. Res., 41, 120, 10.1021/ar7000815 Wang, 2018, CD44 directed nanomicellar payload delivery platform for selective anticancer effect and tumor specific imaging of triple negative breast cancer, Nanomedicine, 14, 1441, 10.1016/j.nano.2018.04.004 Yu, 2013, Hyaluronic acid modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to CD44-overexpressing cancer cells, Nanoscale, 5, 178, 10.1039/C2NR32145A Kim, 2018, Selective delivery of PLXDC1 small interfering RNA to endothelial cells for anti-angiogenesis tumor therapy using CD44-targeted chitosan nanoparticles for epithelial ovarian cancer, Drug Deliv., 25, 1394, 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480672 Alsaab, 2017, Folate decorated nanomicelles loaded with a potent curcumin analogue for targeting retinoblastoma, Pharmaceutics, 9, E15, 10.3390/pharmaceutics9020015 Xia, 2018, siRNA-loaded selenium nanoparticle modified with hyaluronic acid for enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma therapy, Int. J. Nanomed., 13, 1539, 10.2147/IJN.S157519 Li, 2009, Targeted delivery of doxorubicin using stealth liposomes modified with transferrin, Int. J. Pharm., 373, 116, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.01.023 Koshkaryev, 2012, Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes, Cancer Biol. Ther., 13, 50, 10.4161/cbt.13.1.18871 Ye, 2016, CPP-assisted intracellular drug delivery, what is next?, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17, 1892, 10.3390/ijms17111892 Chen, 2012, Cyclic RGD peptide-modified liposomal drug delivery system: enhanced cellular uptake in vitro and improved pharmacokinetics in rats, Int. J. Nanomed., 7, 3803, 10.2147/IJN.S33541 Meng, 2011, Integrin-targeted paclitaxel nanoliposomes for tumor therapy, Med. Oncol., 28, 1180, 10.1007/s12032-010-9621-1 Slaby, 2017, Therapeutic targeting of non-coding RNAs in cancer, Biochem. J., 474, 4219, 10.1042/BCJ20170079 Sau, 2017, Advances in antibody-drug conjugates: a new era of targeted cancer therapy, Drug Discov. Today, 22, 1547, 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.05.011 Sau, 2018, Multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy: a groundbreaking approach for reprogramming malfunctioned tumor environment, J. Control. Release, 274, 24, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.028 Manjappa, 2011, Antibody derivatization and conjugation strategies: application in preparation of stealth immunoliposome to target chemotherapeutics to tumor, J. Control. Release, 150, 2, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.11.002 Mamot, 2005, Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted immunoliposomes significantly enhance the efficacy of multiple anticancer drugs in vivo, Cancer Res., 65, 11631, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1093 Lee, 2015, Inhibition of pulmonary cancer progression by epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted transfection with Bcl-2 and survivin siRNAs, Cancer Gene Ther., 22, 335, 10.1038/cgt.2015.18 Eloy, 2017, Anti-HER2 immunoliposomes for co-delivery of paclitaxel and rapamycin for breast cancer therapy, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 115, 159, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.02.020 Park, 2002, Anti-HER2 immunoliposomes: enhanced efficacy attributable to targeted delivery, Clin. Cancer Res., 8, 1172 Hatakeyama, 2007, Tumor targeting of doxorubicin by anti-MT1-MMP antibody-modified PEG liposomes, Int. J. Pharm., 342, 194, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.04.037 Gosk, 2008, VCAM-1 directed immunoliposomes selectively target tumor vasculature in vivo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr., 1778, 854, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.12.021 Sivakumar, 2018, Targeted siRNA delivery using aptamer-siRNA chimeras and aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles, Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol., 11, e1543, 10.1002/wnan.1543 Li, 2018, Targeted delivery of anti-miR-155 by functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for colorectal cancer therapy, Int. J. Nanomed., 13, 1241, 10.2147/IJN.S158290 Edmonds, 2016, MicroRNA-31 initiates lung tumorigenesis and promotes mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer, J. Clin. Invest., 126, 349, 10.1172/JCI82720 Zhang, 2016, Tumour-initiating cell-specific miR-1246 and miR-1290 expression converge to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression, Nat. Commun., 7, 11702, 10.1038/ncomms11702 Adams, 2016, miR-34a silences c-SRC to attenuate tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer, Cancer Res., 76, 927, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2321 Babar, 2012, Nanoparticle-based therapy in an in vivo microRNA-155 (miR-155)-dependent mouse model of lymphoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109, E1695, 10.1073/pnas.1201516109 Yao, 2013, pHLIP peptide targets nanogold particles to tumors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 110, 465, 10.1073/pnas.1219665110 Arun, 2016, Differentiation of mammary tumors and reduction in metastasis upon Malat1 lncRNA loss, Genes Dev., 30, 34, 10.1101/gad.270959.115 Yin, 2015, Decreased expression of long noncoding RNA MEG3 affects cell proliferation and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, Tumor Biol., 36, 4851, 10.1007/s13277-015-3139-2 Choung, 2006, Chemical modification of siRNAs to improve serum stability without loss of efficacy, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 342, 919, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.049