Improving membrane performance via bentonite polymer nanocomposite

ATU, 1992, ClayMax sodium bentonite liner found degraded at New Jersey site, 3(2), 1 Barbour, 1989, Mechanisms of osmotic flow and volume change in clay soils, Can. Geotech. J., 26, 551, 10.1139/t89-068 Benson, 2009, Relative abundance of monovalent and divalent cations and the impact of desiccation on geosynthetic clay liners, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 135, 349, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(349) Benson, 2007, Hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liners in a landfill final cover, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 133, 814, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:7(814) Boels, 1999, Trisoplast®: new developments in soil protection, 77 Bohnhoff, 2012 Buchholz, 1998 Christman, 2002, Geophysical evaluation of annular well seals, Groundw. Monit. Remediat., 22, 104, 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00759.x Di Emidio, 2010 Di Maio, 1996, Exposure of bentonite to salt solution: osmotic and mechanical effects, Geotechnique, 46, 695, 10.1680/geot.1996.46.4.695 Dominijanni, 2012, Modelling the swelling and osmotic properties of clay soils. Part II: the physical approach, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 51, 51, 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2011.11.001 Egloffstein, 2001, Natural bentonites — influence of the ion exchange and partial desiccation on permeability and self-healing capacity of bentonites used in GCLs, Geotext. Geomembr., 19, 427, 10.1016/S0266-1144(01)00017-6 Estornell, 1992, Hydraulic conductivity of 3 geosynthetic clay liners, J. Geotech. Eng., 118, 1592, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:10(1592) Evans, 1993, Vertical cutoff walls, 430 Evans, 2008, Membrane behavior of soil–bentonite slurry–trench cutoff walls, Soil Sediment Contam., 17, 316, 10.1080/15320380802143880 Fritz, 1986, Ideality of clay membranes in osmotic processes — a review, Clay Clay Miner., 34, 214, 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340212 Groenevelt, 1976, Coupling phenomena in saturate homo-ionic montmorillonite. 2. Theoretical, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 40, 820, 10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000060011x Heller, 2003, Anionic polyacrylamide polymer adsorption by pyrophyllite and montmorillonite, Clay Clay Miner., 51, 334, 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510310 Henning, 2006, Membrane behavior of two backfills from field-constructed soil–bentonite cutoff walls, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 132, 1243, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:10(1243) Ito, 2006, Compaction properties of granular bentonites, Appl. Clay Sci., 31, 47, 10.1016/j.clay.2005.08.005 James, 1997, Field performance of GCL under ion exchange conditions, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 123, 897, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:10(897) Jo, 2001, Hydraulic conductivity and swelling of nonprehydrated GCLs permeated with single-species salt solutions, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 127, 557, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:7(557) Jo, 2004, Hydraulic conductivity and cation exchange in non-prehydrated and prehydrated bentonite permeated with weak inorganic salt solutions, Clay Clay Miner., 52, 661, 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520601 Jo, 2005, Long-term hydraulic conductivity of a geosynthetic clay liner permeated with inorganic salt solutions, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 131, 405, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:4(405) Kajita, 1997, An improved contaminant resistant clay for environmental clay liner applications, Clay Clay Miner., 45, 609, 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450501 Kang, 2009, Clay membrane testing using a flexible-wall cell under closed-system boundary conditions, Appl. Clay Sci., 44, 43, 10.1016/j.clay.2009.01.006 Kang, 2010, Membrane behavior of compacted clay liners, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 136, 1368, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000358 Kang, 2011, Consolidation enhanced membrane behavior of a geosynthetic clay liner, Geotext. Geomembr., 29, 544, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.07.002 Katsumi, 2007, Hydraulic conductivity of nonprehydrated geosynthetic clay liners permeated with inorganic solutions and waste leachates, Soils Found., 47, 79, 10.3208/sandf.47.79 Katsumi, 2008, Long-term barrier performance of modified bentonite materials against sodium and calcium permeant solutions, Geotext. Geomembr., 26, 14, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.04.003 Kenney, 1992, Hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite sand mixtures, Can. Geotech. J., 29, 364, 10.1139/t92-042 Kolstad, 2004, Hydraulic conductivity and swell of nonprehydrated geosynthetic clay liners permeated with multispecies inorganic solutions, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 130, 1236, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1236) Lee, 2005, Concentration dependency of the prehydration effect for a geosynthetic clay liner, Soils Found., 45, 27, 10.3208/sandf.45.4_27 Lee, 2005, Impact of bentonite quality on hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 131, 64, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(64) Lee, 2005, Solution retention capacity as an alternative to the swell index test for sodium bentonite, Geotech. Test. J., 28, 61 Lin, 2000, Effect of wet–dry cycling on swelling and hydraulic conductivity of GCLs, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 126, 40, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:1(40) Lo, 1996, Clay liner materials for land disposal of hazardous non-metal wastes, Water Sci. Technol., 33, 71, 10.1016/0273-1223(96)00263-6 Malusis, 2002, Chemico-osmotic efficiency of a geosynthetic clay liner, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 128, 97, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:2(97) Malusis, 2002, Coupling effects during steady-state solute diffusion through a semipermeable clay membrane, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1312, 10.1021/es011130q Malusis, 2001, A laboratory apparatus to measure chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficients for clay soils, Geotech. Test. J., 24, 229, 10.1520/GTJ11343J Malusis, 2003, Flow and transport through clay membrane barriers, Eng. Geol., 70, 235, 10.1016/S0013-7952(03)00092-9 Malusis, 2013, Influence of membrane behavior on solute diffusion through GCLs, 267 Manassero, 2003, Modelling the osmosis effect on solute migration through porous media, Geotechnique, 53, 481, 10.1680/geot.2003.53.5.481 Mazzieri, 2010, Diffusion of calcium chloride in a modified bentonite: impact on osmotic efficiency and hydraulic conductivity, Clay Clay Miner., 58, 351, 10.1346/CCMN.2010.0580306 McRory, 2005, Polymer treatment of bentonite clay for contaminant resistant barriers, 3399 Meer, 2007, Hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners exhumed from landfill final covers, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 133, 550, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:5(550) Mitchell, 1976 Muzny, 1996, Clay platelet dispersion in a polymer matrix, Mater. Lett., 28, 379, 10.1016/0167-577X(96)00085-7 Olsen, 1990, 15 Pavlidou, 2008, A review on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites, Prog. Polym. Sci., 33, 1119, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.07.008 Scalia, 2012 Scalia, 2011, Geosynthetic clay liners containing bentonite polymer nanocomposites, 1961 Shackelford, 1991, Diffusion in saturated soil. 1. Background, J. Geotech. Eng., 117, 467, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:3(467) Shackelford, 2003, The destructive role of diffusion on clay membrane behavior, Clay Clay Miner., 51, 186, 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510209 Shackelford, 2000, Evaluating the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with non-standard liquids, Geotext. Geomembr., 18, 133, 10.1016/S0266-1144(99)00024-2 Shackelford, 2003, Clay membrane behavior for geoenvironmental containment, vol. 1, 767 Smith, 2003, Sorption and permeability of gasoline hydrocarbons in organobentonite porous media, J. Hazard. Mater., 96, 91, 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00199-1 Sposito, 1989 Vasko, 2001, Hydraulic conductivity of partially prehydrated geosynthetic clay liners permeated with aqueous calcium chloride solutions, 685 Yeo, 2005, Membrane behavior of model soil–bentonite backfills, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 131, 418, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:4(418)