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Cải thiện chất lượng chăm sóc tại bệnh viện bằng cách giảm stigma liên quan đến HIV: Kết quả đánh giá từ Việt Nam
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu Tối ưu hóa Hoạt động được thực hiện tại bốn bệnh viện ở Việt Nam nhằm giảm thiểu sự kỳ thị và phân biệt đối xử liên quan đến HIV giữa các nhân viên bệnh viện. Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm gần như so sánh hiệu quả của việc tập trung vào kỳ thị dựa trên nỗi sợ (xuất phát từ thiếu hiểu biết) so với cả kỳ thị dựa trên nỗi sợ và kỳ thị xã hội (xuất phát từ các phán xét đạo đức). Các can thiệp bao gồm đào tạo nhân viên (bao gồm cả bác sĩ và nhân viên vệ sinh), phát triển chính sách bệnh viện và cung cấp tài liệu. Tại thời điểm xuất phát (n = 795), mức độ kỳ thị được báo cáo là đáng kể (ví dụ: khoảng một nửa số nhân viên bệnh viện cho biết họ sợ chạm vào người sống chung với HIV, và cảm thấy HIV là hình phạt cho hành vi xấu). Đến cuối nghiên cứu, các chỉ số kỳ thị đã cải thiện đáng kể cho cả hai nhóm can thiệp (ví dụ: tỷ lệ báo cáo có dấu hiệu trên giường cho biết tình trạng HIV giảm từ 51% xuống 24% ở Nhóm 1, và từ 31% xuống 7% ở Nhóm 2), với nhóm can thiệp kết hợp cho thấy hiệu ứng tốt hơn. Nghiên cứu này nhấn mạnh những chiến lược thành công để giảm kỳ thị, và do đó, nâng cao chất lượng chăm sóc cho người sống chung với HIV.
Từ khóa
#HIV #kỳ thị #phân biệt đối xử #chất lượng chăm sóc #nghiên cứu thực nghiệm #Việt NamTài liệu tham khảo
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