Improved polybenzimidazole films for H3PO4-doped PBI-based high temperature PEMFC

Li, 2004, PBI-based polymer membranes for high temperature fuel cells—preparation, characterization and fuel cell demonstration, Fuel Cells, 4, 147, 10.1002/fuce.200400020

Li, 2004, The CO poisoning effect in PEMFCs operational at temperatures up to 200°C, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1599, 10.1149/1.1619984

Pan, 2005, Integration of high temperature PEM fuel cells with a methanol reformer, J. Power Sources, 145, 392, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.02.056

Bouchet, 1999, Proton conduction in acid doped polybenzimidazole, Solid State Ionics, 118, 287, 10.1016/S0167-2738(98)00466-4

Bouchet, 2001, A thermodynamic approach to proton conductivity in acid-doped polybenzimidazole, Solid State Ionics, 145, 69, 10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00915-8

Lobato, 2005

Lobato, 2006, Synthesis and characterisation of poly[2,2-(m-phenylene)-5,5-bibenzimidazole] as polymer electrolyte membrane for high temperature PEMFCs, J. Membr. Sci., 280, 351, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.049

He, 2006, Physicochemical properties of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes for fuel cells, J. Membr. Sci., 277, 38, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.005

Xing, 2006, Improved performance of sulfonated polyarylene ethers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Polym. Adv. Technol., 17, 591, 10.1002/pat.758

Kerres, 2006, Comparative investigation of novel PBI blend ionomer membranes from nonfluorinated and partially fluorinated polyarylene ethers, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 44, 2311, 10.1002/polb.20862

Pu, 2007, Chemical oxidation stability and anhydrous proton conductivity of polyimides/phosphoric acid/imidazole blends, Polym. Int., 56, 121, 10.1002/pi.2152

Li, 2007, Cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes for fuel cells, Chem. Mater., 19, 350, 10.1021/cm0627793

Cañizares, 2007, Advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of olive-oil mills wastewater, Chemosphere, 67, 832, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.064

Lee, 2005, Importance of proton conductivity measurement in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 7617, 10.1021/ie0501172

E.W. Choe, A.B. Conciatore, Synthesis of high molecular weight polybenzimidazole with arylhalo phosphorus compound catalyst, U.S. Patent US4535144 (1985).

Choe, 1994, Catalysts for the preparation of polybenzimidazoles, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 53, 497, 10.1002/app.1994.070530504

Xiao, 2005, High-temperature polybenzimidazole fuel cell membranes via a sol–gel process, Chem. Mater., 17, 5328, 10.1021/cm050831+

Carollo, 2006, Developments of new proton conducting membranes based on different polybenzimidazole structures for fuel cells applications, J. Power Sources, 160, 175, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.081

Chuang, 2006, Synthesis and properties of a new fluorine-containing polybenzimidazole for high-temperature fuel-cell applications, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 44, 4508, 10.1002/pola.21555

R. Staudt, B. Benicewicz, J. Boyer, W. Ernst, Development of polybenzimidazole-based, high-temperature membrane and electrode assemblies for stationary and automotive applications, FY 2004 Progress Report for the DOE Hydrogen Program.

Xiao, 2005, Synthesis and characterization of pyridine-based polybenzimidazoles for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications, Fuel Cells, 5, 287, 10.1002/fuce.200400067

Asensio, 2005, Recent developments on proton conducting poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, Fuel Cells, 5, 336, 10.1002/fuce.200400081

Wainright, 2003, vol. 3, 436

Li, 2001, Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membranes: physiochemical characterization and fuel cell applications, J. Appl. Electrochem., 31, 773, 10.1023/A:1013872107905

Hasiotis, 2001, Development and characterization of acid-doped polybenzimidazole/sulfonated polysulfone blend polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A513, 10.1149/1.1366621

N.J. Bjerrum, Q. Li, H.A. Hjuler, Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, World Patent WO0118894A2 (2001).

Y. Kozlov, Ciencia de los Materiales, Ed. Mir, Moscow, 1986.

Li, 2003, Approaches and recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells operating above 100°C, Chem. Mater., 15, 4896, 10.1021/cm0310519

Kallitsis, 2003, Proton-conducting membranes based on polymer blends for use in high temperature PEM fuel cells, J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., 6, 217

Gourdoupi, 2003, Novel proton-conducting polyelectrolyte composed of an aromatic polyether containing main-chain pyridine units for fuel cell applications, Chem. Mater., 15, 5044, 10.1021/cm0347382

Daletou, 2005, Proton-conducting membranes based on blends of PBI with aromatic polyethers containing pyridine units, J. Membr. Sci., 252, 115, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.11.023

Samms, 1996, Thermal stability of proton-conducting acid-doped polybenzimidazole in simulated fuel cell environments, J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 1225, 10.1149/1.1836621

Gaudiana, 1969, Weak-link versus active carbon degradation routes in the oxidation of aromatic heterocyclic systems, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Lett., 7, 793, 10.1002/pol.1969.110071108

Glipa, 1999, Investigation of the conduction properties of phosphoric and sulfuric acid doped polybenzimidazolem, J. Mater. Chem., 9, 3045, 10.1039/a906060j

Li, 2004, Water uptake and acid doping of polybenzimidazoles as electrolyte membranes for fuel cells, Solid State Ionics, 168, 177, 10.1016/j.ssi.2004.02.013

Pu, 2002, Proton transport in polybenzimidazole blended with H3PO4 or H2SO4, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 40, 663, 10.1002/polb.10132

Ma, 2004, Conductivity of PBI membranes for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A8, 10.1149/1.1630037

Mecerreyes, 2004, Porous polybenzimidazole membranes doped with phosphoric acid: highly proton-conducting solid electrolytes, Chem. Mater., 16, 604, 10.1021/cm034398k

Hasiotis, 2001, New polymer electrolytes based on blends of sulfonated polysulfones with polybenzimidazole, Electrochim. Acta, 46, 2401, 10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00437-6

Fuel Cell Handbook, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, P.O. Box 880, Morgantown, West Virginia 26507-0880, 7th ed., 2004, p. 22 (Chapter 2).