Thực hiện các cơ sở hạ tầng sưởi ấm quy mô lớn: Kinh nghiệm từ việc lập kế hoạch thành công của hệ thống sưởi ấm khu vực và lưới khí tự nhiên ở Đan Mạch, Vương quốc Anh và Hà Lan

Energy Efficiency - Tập 14 - Trang 1-22 - 2021
Nis Bertelsen1, Susana Paardekooper1, Brian Vad Mathiesen1
1Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tóm tắt

Các cơ sở hạ tầng sưởi ấm quy mô lớn dưới dạng hệ thống sưởi khu vực có tiềm năng lớn để tăng cường hiệu quả năng lượng và tích hợp năng lượng tái tạo, phù hợp với Hiệp định Paris và các mục tiêu của EU. Tuy nhiên, các cơ sở hạ tầng này phải đối mặt với nhiều thách thức như chi phí đầu tư cao, tình trạng độc quyền, quy định và quyền sở hữu, và thường không được hỗ trợ bởi các chế độ thị trường hiện tại. Bài báo này điều tra cách mà Đan Mạch, Vương quốc Anh và Hà Lan đã đạt được thị phần cao trong cung cấp nhiệt thông qua việc sử dụng các cơ sở hạ tầng quy mô lớn từ năm 1950 đến 1980. Phân tích này tìm hiểu các yếu tố thúc đẩy, chủ thể, tổ chức, mô hình sở hữu, tài chính, chính sách và quy định liên quan đến việc triển khai các cơ sở hạ tầng quy mô lớn này. Những phát hiện chỉ ra cách mà các sự kiện toàn cầu như cuộc khủng hoảng dầu mỏ năm 1973 đã thúc đẩy nhu cầu về hành động phối hợp. Các cơ sở hạ tầng này đã được hiện thực hóa thông qua sự can thiệp đáng kể của chính phủ, công việc phối hợp bao gồm việc tái cấu trúc cơ sở hạ tầng và các tác nhân hiện có, triển khai các quy định, trợ cấp và mô hình kinh doanh mới. Kết luận phản ánh về các chuyển đổi nhiệt hiện nay hướng tới cung cấp năng lượng tái tạo và cách mà các bài học lịch sử vẫn có giá trị trong các chuyển đổi xã hội-kỹ thuật hiện nay. Các cơ sở hạ tầng sưởi ấm mới dưới dạng sưởi khu vực nên được xây dựng theo điều kiện địa phương cụ thể, thông qua sự kết hợp giữa hỗ trợ của chính phủ, các công cụ quy định mới, các mô hình kinh doanh phù hợp để tái đầu tư vào các khoản đầu tư mới, và thông qua việc huy động các tác nhân hiện có vào việc phát triển các hệ thống cung cấp mới. Đạt được thị phần cao cho các cơ sở hạ tầng sưởi ấm quy mô lớn không phải là điều bình thường, mà yêu cầu sự điều chỉnh đáng kể trong tất cả các khía cạnh của hệ thống năng lượng.

Từ khóa

#hệ thống sưởi khu vực #năng lượng tái tạo #cơ sở hạ tầng quy mô lớn #can thiệp chính phủ #chuyển đổi năng lượng

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