Impact of tillage and crop establishment methods on crop yields, profitability and soil physical properties in rice–wheat system of Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India

Soil Use and Management - Tập 35 Số 2 - Trang 303-313 - 2019
Vivak Kumar1, Mahesh K. Gathala2, Yashpal Saharawat3, C.M. Parihar4,5, Rajeev Kumar1, Robin Kumar1, M.L. Jat6, Arjun Singh Jat1, Deep Mohan Mahala5, Lalit Kumar7, Hari Sankar Nayak4, Muli Devi Parihar8, Vikas Rai4, Hemraj Jewlia5, Bhola Ram Kuri3
1Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dhaka, Bangladesh
3International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Area (ICARDA), New Delhi, India
4ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
5ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi, India
6International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India
7The Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi, India
8CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana, India

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Conservation agriculture (CA) based onbest‐betcrop management practices may increase crop and water productivity, as well as conserve and sustain soil health and natural resources. In a 2‐year study, we assessed the effects of tillage and crop establishment (TCE) methods on productivity, profitability and soil physical properties in a rice–wheat (RW) system. The sixTCEtreatments were used to study the impact, which are puddled transplanted rice followed by conventionally tilled wheat (CTPR–CTW), direct‐seeded rice on the flat followed by zero‐till wheat (CTDSR–ZTW), zero‐till direct‐seeded rice with residue followed by zero‐till wheat with residue (ZTDSR+R–ZTW+R), transplanted rice after rotavator puddling followed by zero‐till wheat (RTTPR–ZTW), transplanted rice after rotavator puddling followed by rotary till wheat (RTTPR–RTW) and farmer practice rice–wheat (FP–RW). Result of the study revealed that mean rice yield was not significantly affected by differentTCEmethods. Wheat planted withZTDSR+R–ZTW+R gave 30% larger grain yield thanFP‐RW. Overall, among all theTCEtreatments, theRWsystem yields and net returns were maximum underZTDSR+R–ZTW+R. The fastest mean infiltration rate (0.10 cm hr–1) was registered inZTDSR+R–ZTW+R plots, whereas the slowest was inFP‐RWplots (0.05 cm hr–1). Bulk density at 15–20 cm soil depth was least inZTDSR+R–ZTW+R (1.70 Mg m–3) and greatest inFP‐RW(1.73 Mg m–3). Results from this study revealed that conventionally tilled (CT) and transplanting of rice could be successfully replaced by adoption of the profitable doubleZT–RWsystem.

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Soil Use and Management

Tập 35 Số 2

303-313

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