Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

Applied Sciences - Tập 7 Số 6 - Trang 579
Michael Cuiffo1, J. E. Snyder2, Alicia Elliott1, Nicholas Romero3, Sandhiya Kannan1, Gary P. Halada1
1Engineering Bldg. Rm 309, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA
2Department of Physics, SUNY New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA
3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13901, USA

Tóm tắt

Polylactic acid (PLA) is an organic polymer commonly used in fused deposition (FDM) printing and biomedical scaffolding that is biocompatible and immunologically inert. However, variations in source material quality and chemistry make it necessary to characterize the filament and determine potential changes in chemistry occurring as a result of the FDM process. We used several spectroscopic techniques, including laser confocal microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and photoacousitc FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in order to characterize both the bulk and surface chemistry of the source material and printed samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize morphology, cold crystallinity, and the glass transition and melting temperatures following printing. Analysis revealed calcium carbonate-based additives which were reacted with organic ligands and potentially trace metal impurities, both before and following printing. These additives became concentrated in voids in the printed structure. This finding is important for biomedical applications as carbonate will impact subsequent cell growth on printed tissue scaffolds. Results of chemical analysis also provided evidence of the hygroscopic nature of the source material and oxidation of the printed surface, and SEM imaging revealed micro- and submicron-scale roughness that will also impact potential applications.

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Applied Sciences

Tập 7 Số 6

579

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