McVeigh, 2006, Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis, BMJ, 333, 581, 10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE
Feldtkeller, 2003, Ankylosing spondylitis in the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, Rheumatol Int, 23, 1, 10.1007/s00296-002-0242-7
Gheita, 2014, Bone scintigraphy in axial seronegative spondyloarthritis patients: role in detection of subclinical peripheral arthritis and disease activity, Int J Rheum Dis
Khan MA. Clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. In: Hochberg MC, Silman AJ, Smolen JS, Weinblatt MH, editors. Rheumatology, London; 2003;3:1161–81.
Gheita, 2014, Involvement of IL-23 in enteropathic arthritis patients with inflammatory bowel disease: preliminary results, Clin Rheumatol, 33, 713, 10.1007/s10067-013-2469-y
Reed, 2008, Ankylosing spondylitis, an Australian experience, Intern Med J, 38, 321, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01471.x
Ward, 2009, Clinical and immunogenetic prognostic factors for radiographic severity in ankylosing spondylitis, Arthritis Care Res, 61, 859, 10.1002/art.24585
Videm, 2014, Current smoking is associated with incident ankylosing spondylitis – The HUNT population-based Norwegian health study, J Rheumatol, 41, 2041, 10.3899/jrheum.140353
Bang, 2010, Smoking increases rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in individuals carrying the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope, regardless of rheumatoid factor or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status, Arthritis Rheum, 62, 369
Carlens, 2010, Smoking, use of moist snuff, and risk of chronic inflammatory diseases, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 181, 1217, 10.1164/rccm.200909-1338OC
Kaan, 2005, Evaluation of clinical activity and functional impairment in smokers with ankylosing spondylitis, Rheumatol Int, 25, 357, 10.1007/s00296-004-0451-3
Hassan, 2012, Subclinical atherosclerosis in Behçet’s disease, Turk J Rheumatol, 27, 109, 10.5606/tjr.2012.016
Averns, 1996, Smoking and outcome in ankylosing spondylitis, Scand J Rheumatol, 25, 138, 10.3109/03009749609080003
Boonen, 2014, Understanding limitations in at-work productivity in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: the role of work-related contextual factors, J Rheumatol
Ortega, 1994, Decline in the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages from mice exposed to cigarette smoke, Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 17, 77, 10.1016/0147-9571(94)90009-4
Nguyen Van Binh, 2004, Modulation of the primary and the secondary antibody response by tobacco smoke condensates, Biomed Pharmacother, 58, 527, 10.1016/S0753-3322(04)00133-7
de Jonge, 2007, The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a pharmacological target for inflammation, Br J Pharmacol, 151, 915, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707264
Higashimoto, 1992, Inhibition of mouse alveolar macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by acute in vivo and in vitro exposure to tobacco smoke, Respiration, 59, 77, 10.1159/000196031
Akgul, 2011, Classification criteria for spondyloarthropathies, World J Orthop, 2, 107, 10.5312/wjo.v2.i12.07
Huerta-Sil, 2006, Low grade radiographic sacroiliitis as prognostic factor in patients with undifferentiated spondyloarthritis fulfilling diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis throughout follow up, Ann Rheum Dis, 65, 642, 10.1136/ard.2005.043471
Garrett, 1994, A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), J Rheumatol, 1, 2286
Calin, 1994, A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, J Rheumatol, 21, 2281
Haywood, 2010, Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality Of Life (EASi-QoL): reliability and validity of a new patient-reported outcome measure, J Rheumatol, 37, 2100, 10.3899/jrheum.091359
Chen, 2013, Association of cigarette smoking with Chinese ankylosing spondylitis patients in Taiwan: a poor disease outcome in systemic inflammation, functional ability and physical mobility, Clin Rheumatol, 32, 659, 10.1007/s10067-013-2165-y
Exarchou, 2013, The prevalence of moderate to severe radiographic sacroiliitis and the correlation with health status in elderly Swedish men – the MrOS study, BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 14, 352, 10.1186/1471-2474-14-352
Poddubnyy, 2013, Cigarette smoking has a dose dependent impact on progression of structural damage in the spine in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, Ann Rheum Dis, 72, 1430, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-203148
Poddubnyy, 2012, Baseline radiographic damage, elevated acute-phase reactant levels, and cigarette smoking status predict spinal radiographic progression in early axial spondylarthritis, Arthritis Rheum, 64, 1388, 10.1002/art.33465
Mattey, 2011, Relationship between smoking and patient-reported measures of disease outcome in ankylosing spondylitis, J Rheumatol, 38, 2608, 10.3899/jrheum.110641
Chung, 2012, Smokers in early axial spondyloarthritis have earlier disease onset, more disease activity, inflammation and damage, and poorer function and health-related quality of life: results from the DESIR cohort, Ann Rheum, 71, 809, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200180
Kydd, 2014, Smoking did not modify the effects of anti-TNF treatment on health-related quality of life among Australian ankylosing spondylitis patients, Rheumatology (Oxford)
Bodur, 2011, Quality of life and related variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Qual Life Res, 20, 543, 10.1007/s11136-010-9771-9