Impact of macro-fiscal determinants on health financing: empirical evidence from low-and middle-income countries

WHO. Health in. From MDGs, millennium development goals to SDGs, sustainable development goals. World Health Organization; 2015.

McIntyre D, Kutzin J, World Health Organization. Health financing country diagnostic: a foundation for national strategy development. 2016.

Mathauer I, Carrin G. The role of institutional design and organizational practice for health financing performance and universal coverage. Health Policy. 2011;99(3):183–92.

Durairaj V, Evans DB. Fiscal space for health in resource-poor countries. World health report. 2010.

Tandon A. Cashin C. World Bank: Assessing public expenditure on health from a fiscal space perspective; 2010.

Meheus F, McIntyre D. Fiscal space for domestic funding of health and other social services. Health Economics, Policy and Law. 2017;12(2):159–77.

Chirwa TG, Odhiambo NM. Macroeconomic determinants of economic growth: a review of international literature. South East European Journal of Economics and Business. 2016 Dec 1;11(2):33–47.

Heller PS. The prospects of creating ‘fiscal space ‘for the health sector. Health Policy Plan. 2006;21(2):75–9.

Leach-Kemon K, Chou DP, Schneider MT, Tardif A, Dieleman JL, Brooks BP, Hanlon M, Murray CJ. The global financial crisis has led to a slowdown in the growth of funding to improve health in many developing countries. Health Aff. 2012;31(1):228–35.

Simou E, Koutsogeorgou E. Effects of the economic crisis on health and healthcare in Greece in the literature from 2009 to 2013: a systematic review. Health policy. 2014;115(2):111–9.

Avdi E. Impact of the economic crisis in the health care system in Albania. In The Fourth International Conference of Albania Center for Risk on “Regional Economy and Society Facing Public Responsibility Risks”, 2012. 191–202.

Kirigia JM, Nganda BM, Mwikisa CN, Cardoso B. Effects of the global financial crisis on funding for health development in nineteen countries of the WHO African region. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011;11(1):4.

Chubrik A, Dabrowski M, Mogilevsky R, Sinitsina I. The impact of the global financial crisis on public expenditures on education and health in the economies of the former Soviet Union. CASE Network Reports. 2011;100:1.

Guerschanik Calvo S. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008–10: A View from the Social Sectors. Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); 2010 July.

Arellano M, Bover O. Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. J Econ. 1995;68(1):29–51.

Blundell R, Bond S. Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. J Econ. 1998;87(1):115–43.

Arellano M, Bond S. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Rev Econ Stud. 1991;58(2):277–97.

Mccoy D. The high-level taskforce on innovative international financing for health systems. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24(5):321–3.

Kishore A, Prasad A. Indian subnational finances: recent performance. International Monetary Fund; 2007.

Chen G, Inder B, Lorgelly P, Hollingsworth B. The cyclical behaviour of public and private health expenditure in China. Health Econ. 2013;22(9):1071–92.

Barro R. Health and economic growth. World Health Organization. 1996.

Braendle T, Colombier C. What drives public health care expenditure growth? Evidence from Swiss cantons, 1970–2012. Health Policy. 2016;120(9):1051–60.

Mishra P, Newhouse D. Does health aid matter? J Health Econ. 2009;28(4):855–72.

Jaba E, Balan CB, Robu IB. The relationship between life expectancy at birth and health expenditures estimated by a cross-country and time-series analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2014;15:108–14.

Liu C, Hsu S, Huang YK. The determinants of health expenditures in Taiwan: modeling and forecasting using time series analysis. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems. 2010;13(3):515–34.

Ke X, Saksena P, Holly A. The determinants of health expenditure: a country-level panel data analysis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.

Palangkaraya A, Yong J. Population aging, and its implications on aggregate health care demand: empirical evidence from 22 OECD countries. Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2009;9(4):391–402.

Sen A. Is health care a luxury? New evidence from OECD data. Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2005;5(2):147–64.

Reeves A, Gourtsoyannis Y, Basu S, McCoy D, McKee M, Stuckler D. Financing universal health coverage—effects of alternative tax structures on public health systems: cross-national modeling in 89 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2015;386(9990):274–80.

Behera DK, Dash U. The impact of macroeconomic policies on the growth of public health expenditure: an empirical assessment from the Indian states. Cogent Economics & Finance. 2018;6(1):1–21.

Murthy NV, Okunade AA. Managed care, deficit financing, and aggregate health care expenditure in the United States: a cointegration analysis. Health Care Management Science. 2000;3(4):279–85.

Marten R, McIntyre D, Travassos C, Shishkin S, Longde W, Reddy S, Vega J. An assessment of progress towards universal health coverage in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). Lancet. 2014;384(9960):2164–71.

World Bank. Global Economic Prospects Report. Washington DC: The World Bank Group; 2017.

World Bank. World Development Indicators. Washington DC: The World Bank Group; 2017.

WHO. Global Health Expenditure Data Base. World Health Organization; 2017.

Jeffrey MW. Introductory Econometrics: A modern approach. Canada: South-Western Cengage Learning; 2009.

Roodman D. How to do xtabond2: an introduction to ‘difference’ and ‘system. InGMM in STATA’, Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 103, 2009.

Landon S, McMillan ML, Muralidharan V, Parsons M. Does Health-Care Spending Crowd Out Other Provincial Government Expenditures?. Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques; 2006. p. 121–41.

Hartwig J, Sturm JE. Robust determinants of health care expenditure growth. Applied Economics. 2014;46(36):4455–74.

Windmeijer F. A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators. J Econ. 2005;126(1):25–51.

Sargan JD. A suggested technique for computing approximations to Wald criteria with application to testing dynamic specifications. London School of Economics & Political Science; 1975.

Lora E, Olivera M. Public debt and social expenditure: Friends or Foes?. Emerg Mark Rev. 2007;8(4):299–310.

Bajo-Rubio O, Gómez-Plana AG. Alternative strategies to reduce public deficits: Taxes vs. spending. J Appl Econ. 2015;18(1):45–70.

Castro GÁ, Camarillo DB. Determinants of tax revenue in OECD countries over the period 2001–2011. Contaduría y administración. 2014;59(3):35–59.

Behera DK, Dash U. Effects of economic growth towards government health financing of Indian states: an assessment from a fiscal space perspective. J Asian Public Policy. 2019;12(2):206–27.

Lu C, Schneider MT, Gubbins P, Leach-Kemon K, Jamison D, Murray CJ. Public financing of health in developing countries: a cross-national systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2010;375(9723):1375–87.

Hitiris T. Health care expenditure and integration in the countries of the European Union. Appl Econ. 1997;29(1):1–6.

Baldacci E, Clements B, Gupta S, Cui Q. Social spending, human capital, and growth in developing countries. World Dev. 2008;36(8):1317–41.

Liang LL, Mirelman AJ. Why do some countries spend more on health? An assessment of sociopolitical determinants and international aid for government health expenditures. Soc Sci Med. 2014;114:161–8.

Dormont B, Grignon M, Huber H. Health expenditure growth: reassessing the threat of aging. Health econ. 2006;15(9):947–63.

Jha P, Joseph R, Li D, Gauvreau C, Anderson I, Moster P, Bonu S. Tobacco Taxes: A Win-win Measure for Fiscal Space and Health. 2012.

Rabi A. Assessment of Nepal's Fiscal E54nvelope. Nepal: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF); 2014.

Reich MR, Harris J, Ikegami N, Maeda A, Cashin C, Araujo EC, Takemi K, Evans TG. Moving towards universal health coverage: lessons from 11 country studies. The Lancet. 2016;387(10020):811–6.

Bitran R. Universal health coverage reforms: patterns of income, spending, and coverage in four developing countries. Results for Development Institute, Working Paper, 2012.

McIntyre D, Doherty J, Ataguba J. Universal health coverage assessment: South Africa. Global Network for Health Equity; 2014.