Impact of gentrification on adult mental health

Health Services Research - Tập 55 Số 3 - Trang 432-444 - 2020
Linda Tran1, Thomas Rice1, Paul Ong2, Sudipto Banerjee3, Julia Liou4, Ninez A. Ponce1
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
2Department of Urban Planning Luskin School of Public Affairs University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
3Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
4Asian Health Services Oakland California

Tóm tắt

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the net effect of living in a gentrified neighborhood on probability of having serious psychological distress.Data SourcesWe pooled 5 years of secondary data from the California Health Interview Survey (2011‐2015) and focused on southern California residents.Study DesignWe compared adults (n = 43 815) living in low‐income and gentrified, low‐income and not gentrified, middle‐ to high‐income and upscaled, and middle‐ to high‐income and not upscaled neighborhoods. We performed a probit regression to test whether living in a gentrified neighborhood increased residents' probabilities of having serious psychological distress in the past year and stratified analyses by neighborhood tenure, homeownership status, and low‐income status. Instrumental variables estimation and propensity scores were applied to reduce bias arising from residential selection and simultaneity. An endogenous treatment effects model was also applied in sensitivity analyses.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsAdults who completed the survey on their own and lived in urban neighborhoods with 500 or more residents were selected for analyses. Survey respondents who scored 13 and above on the Kessler 6 were categorized as having serious psychological distress in the past year. We used eight neighborhood change measures to classify respondents' neighborhoods.Principal FindingsLiving in a gentrified and upscaled neighborhood was associated with increased likelihood of serious psychological distress relative to living in a low‐income and not gentrified neighborhood. The average treatment effect was 0.0141 (standard error = 0.007), which indicates that the prevalence of serious psychological distress would have been 1.4 percentage points less if none of the respondents lived in gentrified neighborhoods. Gentrification appears to have a negative impact on the mental health of renters, low‐income residents, and long‐term residents. This effect was not observed among homeowners, higher‐income residents, and recent residents.ConclusionsGentrification levies mental health costs on financially vulnerable community members and can worsen mental health inequities.

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Health Services Research

Tập 55 Số 3

432-444

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