Impact of Rare Earth Mining and Processing on Soil and Water Environment at Chavara, Kollam, Kerala: A Case Study

Procedia Earth and Planetary Science - Tập 11 - Trang 566-581 - 2015
Tekedil Zeenat Humsa1, R.K. Srivastava1
1Department of Civil Engineering, MNNIT Allahabad, PO 211004, UP, India

Tài liệu tham khảo

State of the environment report-2007-Vol. 1. Rare Earth, 2012, Elements: A review of production, processing, recycling, and associated environmental issues, EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012), EPA 600/R-12/572 | December http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/toxic-minerals-panmana-village-kerala/1/335460.html. http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/toxic-industrial-waste-contaminates-water-poisons-lives-in-kerala-s-kollam-district-486912. Chapter 43 B, Environment, Integrated District Development Plan, Kollam. http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Gas-Leak-from-KMML-Plant40-Student-Hospitalised/2014/08/07/article2367849.ece. Shaji, 2009, Water quality assessment of open wells in and around Chavara industrial area, Quilon, Kerala, Journal of Environmental Biology, September 2009, 30, 701 Jaya Divakaran Sarasamma and BeenaKochuraman Narayanan (2013) Air quality assessment in the surroundings of KMML industrial area, Chavara in Kerala, South India. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, x: 1-10, 2071-1409 online, 2013. Mary Thomas Derin, 2012, Radionuclides and radiation indices of high background radiation area in Chavara-Neendakara placer deposits (Kerala, India). PLOS ONE, November 2012, Volume 7, Issue, 1, e50468 Anto, 1999, Waste management- Integrated titanium dioxide pigment plants, First International Seminar, SAFE’ 99, on Safety & Fire Engineering, Cochin, India, 24 Benchmark soils of Kerala, Editor in chief Dr. P. N. Premachandran (2007) Published by Additional Director and Head, Soil Survey Organisation, Department of Agriculture (S. C. Unit), Government of Kerala. Selker, 1999, Vadose Zone Processes, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton FL, 1 Dampare, 2006, Seasonal trend of potentially toxic trace elements in soils supporting medicinal plants in the eastern region of Ghana, Water Air and Soil Pollution, 169, 185, 10.1007/s11270-006-2381-z Carreras, 2009, Assessment of human health risk related to metals by the use of biomonitors in the province of Cordoba, Argentina. Environ. Pollut., 157, 117, 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.018 http://www.keralasoilfertility.net/soilacidity.pdf. Yong, 1993, Selective sequential extraction analysis of heavy metal retention in soil, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 30, 834, 10.1139/t93-074 Caeiro, 2005, Assessing heavy metal contamination in Sadoestuary sediment: An index analysis approach, Ecological Indicators, 5, 151, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.02.001 SP 36 (Part 1):1987 Reaffirmed 2006, Compendium of Indian Standards on Soil Engineering Part 1 Laboratory testing of soils for civil engineering purposes, pp 65-95. APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 21stedn. , Washington D. C. USA. Gong Qingjie, 2008, Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing, Journal of China University of Geosciences, 19, 230, 10.1016/S1002-0705(08)60042-4 Duce, 1975, Atmospheric trace metals at remote northern and southern hemisphere sites: Pollution or natural?, Science, 187, 59, 10.1126/science.187.4171.59 Hakanson, 1980, An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: A sedimentological approach, Water Research, 14, 975, 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8 Cabrera, 1999, Heavy metal pollution of soils affected by the Guadiamar toxic flood, The Science of the Total Environment, 242, 117, 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00379-4 Zoller, 1974, Atmospheric concentrations and sources of trace metals at the South Pole, Science, 183, 198, 10.1126/science.183.4121.198 Salomons, 1984, Metals in the hydrocycle, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo Reimann, 2005, Distinguishing between Natural and Anthropogenic Sources for Elements in the Environment: Regional Geochemical Surveys versus Enrichment Factors, The Science of the Total Environment, 337, 91, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.011 Müller, 1969, Index of Geo-accumulation in the Sediments of Rhine River, Geojournal, 2, 108 Kwon, 1998, Application of Multiple Ecological Risk Indices for the Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in a Coastal Dredging Area, The Science of the Total Environment, 214, 203, 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00069-2 Bhattacharya, 2006, Environmental assessment of abandoned mine tailings in Adak Västerbotten district (Northern Sweden), Applied Geochemistry, 21, 1760, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.06.011 Liu, 2005, Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China. Environment International, 31, 805, 10.1016/j.envint.2005.05.042 Horton, 1965, An index number system for rating water quality, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 37, 300 Kaur, 2001, Pollution Research, 20, 199 Tiwari, 1985, A preliminary assessment of water quality index of major Indian rivers, Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 5, 276 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/fulltext.pdf. ICMR Manual of standards of quality for drinking water supplies. ICMR, New Delhi (1975). Sinha, 2006, Statistical assessment of underground drinking water contamination and effect of monsoon at Hasanpur, J.P. Nagar (Uttar Pradesh, India), Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 48, 157 Wedepohl, 1995, The Composition of the Continental Crust, Geochemica Cosmocheimica Acta, 59, 1217, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2 McGovern E. C. (1987) Background concentrations of 20 elements in soils with special regard for New York State. Wildlife Pathology Unit, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Alagarsamy R. and J. Zhang (2010) Geochemical Characterization of Major and Trace Elements in the Coastal Sediments of India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, Vol. 161(1-4); 2010; 161-176. SnežanaNenadović, MilošNenadović, LjiljanaKljajević, Vladimir Pavlović,AleksandarĐorđević, and BrankoMatović (2010) Structure and Composition of Soils. Processing and Application of Ceramics, 4(4) 259-263. Phillips, 1990, Cosmogenic chlorine-36 chronology for glacial deposits at Bloody Canyon, Eastern Sierra-Nevada. Science, 248, 1529 CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) Canadian soil quality guidelines for the protection of environmental and human health, (1997). Alloway B. J. (1990) Soil processes and the behaviour of metals. InHeavy metals in soils. (Ed. Alloway B. J.), Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow, U.K. Sauvé, 1995, Copper solubility and speciation of insitu contaminated soils: effects of copper level, pH and organic matter, Water Air Soil Pollut, 100, 133, 10.1023/A:1018312109677 Adriano, 1986 http://www.spectrumanalytic.com/support/library/ff/S_Basics.htm. Kiekens L. (1995) Zinc. Heavy metals in soils, 2ndedn. pp. 284-305. (Ed. Alloway B. J.), Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow, U.K. Bengtsson S., and Tyler G. (1976) Vanadium in the environment. London, University of London Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre, 1976 (MARC Report No. 2). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=654&tid=120. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements. Casas, 2003, Heavy metals and metalloids in sediments from the Liobreget basin, Spain. Environmental Geology, 44, 325, 10.1007/s00254-003-0765-6 Romic M., Romic D., and Kraljickovic J. (2001) Copper in Vinyard Soils. In: Proceedings of the 9thcongrof creation society of soil science, Land management and soil protection for future generations, 3-7 July, Brijumi, Croatia. Fleming G. A. (1980) Essential micronutrients II: Iodine and Selenium. In Applied soil trace elements (B. E. Davis, Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 199-234. Gustafsson, 1992, Se retention in the organic matter of Swedish forest soils, Journal of Soil Science, 43, 461, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1992.tb00152.x http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon. http://ibm.gov.in/imyb2010_ilmeniteandrutile.pdf. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/remedytech/tsp/download/issue14.pdf. http://sgw.epa.gov.tw/resag/Update_Data/Information8839253Nov30. Indian Standard Specifications for Drinking Water, IS:;1; 10500, (First Revision), BIS, India (1991).