Tác động của Axit hóa đại dương lên quá trình chuyển hóa năng lượng của ngao, Crassostrea gigas—Thay đổi trong các con đường chuyển hóa và phản ứng nhiệt
Tóm tắt
Biến đổi khí hậu với sự gia tăng nhiệt độ và axit hóa đại dương (OA) đang đặt ra những rủi ro cho các hệ sinh thái biển. Theo Pörtner và Farrell [1], các hiệu ứng tương tác giữa nhiệt độ cao và OA do CO2 gây ra lên chuyển hóa năng lượng sẽ thu hẹp cửa sổ dung sai nhiệt của các loài động vật ectotherm biển. Để kiểm tra giả thuyết này, chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu tác động của sự gia tăng nhiệt độ cấp tính lên quá trình chuyển hóa năng lượng của ngao, Crassostrea gigas, được phơi nhiễm mạn tính với nồng độ CO2 cao (áp suất riêng phần CO2 trong nước biển ~0.15 kPa, pH nước biển ~ 7.7). Trong vòng một tháng ủ ở mức PCO2 cao và 15 °C, pH huyết thanh giảm xuống (pHe = 7.1 ± 0.2 (nhóm CO2) so với 7.6 ± 0.1 (đối chứng)) và giá trị PeCO2 trong huyết thanh tăng (0.5 ± 0.2 kPa (nhóm CO2) so với 0.2 ± 0.04 kPa (đối chứng)). Nồng độ bicarbonate slightly nhưng có ý nghĩa gia tăng trong huyết thanh của ngao được ủ với CO2 ([HCO-3]e = 1.8 ± 0.3 mM (nhóm CO2) so với 1.3 ± 0.1 mM (đối chứng)) cho thấy chỉ có sự điều chỉnh tối thiểu về trạng thái acid-base ngoại bào. Ở nhiệt độ thích nghi 15 °C, sự giảm pHe do OA không dẫn đến sự suy giảm chuyển hóa ở ngao, vì tỷ lệ chuyển hóa tiêu chuẩn (SMR) của ngao tiếp xúc với CO2 tương tự như ở nhóm đối chứng. Khi nhiệt độ tăng lên cấp tính, SMR tăng ở cả hai nhóm, nhưng hiển thị sự gia tăng mạnh mẽ hơn ở nhóm ủ CO2. Nghiên cứu trên các tế bào mang tách rời cho thấy sự phụ thuộc nhiệt độ tương tự về hô hấp giữa các nhóm. Hơn nữa, phần năng lượng tế bào cho nhu cầu điều chỉnh ion thông qua Na+/K+-ATPase không bị ảnh hưởng bởi tình trạng hypercapnia mạn tính hoặc nhiệt độ. Phân tích chuyển hóa bằng phương pháp phổ 1H-NMR cho thấy những thay đổi đáng kể trong một số mô sau khi tiếp xúc với OA ở 15 °C. Trong mô áo, mức độ alanine và ATP giảm đáng kể trong khi sự gia tăng mức độ succinate được quan sát thấy trong mô mang. Những phát hiện này gợi ý về sự thay đổi trong các con đường chuyển hóa sau khi tiếp xúc với OA. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi xác nhận rằng OA ảnh hưởng đến quá trình chuyển hóa năng lượng ở ngao và gợi ý rằng biến đổi khí hậu có thể ảnh hưởng đến quần thể của các động vật không xương sống ven biển cố định như thân mềm.
Từ khóa
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