Tác động và độc tính của kim loại nặng đối với sức khỏe con người và xu hướng mới nhất trong quá trình loại bỏ chúng từ môi trường nước

H. Moukadiri1, H. Noukrati1, H. Ben Youcef2, I. Iraola2, V. Trabadelo2, A. Oukarroum2,3, G. Malka1, A. Barroug1,4
1Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), High Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, ISSB-P, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
2High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory (HTMR-Lab), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
3AgoBioSciences (AgBS), Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
4Faculty of Sciences Semlalia (SCIMATOP), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco

Tóm tắt

Ô nhiễm bởi các kim loại nặng độc hại là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng do tính độc hại, sự bền vững và khả năng tích lũy sinh học của chúng. Chúng được thải ra môi trường và xâm nhập vào cơ thể con người, dưới dạng cá nhân hoặc hỗn hợp kim loại, gây ra những biến chứng sinh học và sinh lý nghiêm trọng. Các hành động giải độc cần bắt đầu bằng các sửa đổi trong hệ sinh thái, đặc biệt là trong môi trường thủy sinh, nơi mà những kim loại này chủ yếu được phân tán do các hoạt động công nghiệp liên tục gia tăng. Tại đây, mục tiêu chính là cung cấp thông tin cập nhật hữu ích về tác động của kim loại độc hại đối với sức khỏe con người, cơ chế độc tính của chúng, và các mô hình dự đoán để ước lượng độc tính của hỗn hợp kim loại. Bên cạnh đó, các nghiên cứu hiện tại về sự hấp phụ các kim loại nặng độc hại từ môi trường thủy sinh được tổng hợp, với trọng tâm là các loại vật liệu hấp phụ thuận tiện nhất (vật liệu nano, vật liệu thu được từ chất thải và sự kết hợp của chúng), cùng với các thông số ảnh hưởng đến quá trình hấp phụ (pH, nhiệt độ, liều lượng vật liệu hấp phụ, thời gian tiếp xúc và sự có mặt của các loài hóa học khác). Việc lựa chọn vật liệu hấp phụ thuận tiện nhất phụ thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố, chủ yếu là sự hiện diện của các kim loại đa thành phần và sự biến đổi của các điều kiện thực nghiệm. Do đó, việc phát triển các vật liệu hấp phụ bền vững kết hợp giữa công nghệ nano và công nghệ sinh học có thể cung cấp động lực đổi mới cho việc loại bỏ hấp phụ các kim loại độc hại trong môi trường thủy sinh. Trong các môi trường công nghiệp thực tế, quy trình hấp thụ các kim loại độc hại thực hiện quy mô phòng thí nghiệm có thể không khả thi. Vì vậy, việc phát triển các hệ thống bền vững để loại bỏ hấp phụ các kim loại độc hại là cần thiết.

Từ khóa

#kim loại nặng #độc tính #sức khỏe con người #hấp phụ #môi trường thủy sinh

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