Immunology of viral respiratory tract infection in infancy

van den Hoogen, 2001, A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease, Nature Med., 7, 719, 10.1038/89098 van Regenmortel MH, Fauquet CM, Bishop DH (eds). Virus Taxonomy. Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000; pp. 551, 557, 559–560. Nissen, 2002, Evidence of human metapneumovirus in Australian children, Med. J. Aust., 176, 188, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04354.x Boivin, 2002, Virological features and clinical manifestations associated with human metapneumovirus: a new paramyxovirus responsible for acute respiratory-tract infections in all age groups, J. Infect. Dis., 186, 1330, 10.1086/344319 Jartti, 2002, Metapneumovirus and acute wheezing in children, Lancet, 60, 1393, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11391-2 Stockton, 2002, Human metapneumovirus as a cause of community-acquired respiratory illness, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 8, 897, 10.3201/eid0809.020084 van den Hoogen, 2002, Analysis of the genomic sequence of a human metapneumovirus, Virology, 295, 119, 10.1006/viro.2001.1355 El-Sahly, 2000, Spectrum of clinical illness in hospitalized patients with “common cold” virus infections, Clin. Infect. Dis., 31, 96, 10.1086/313937 Kapikian, 1969, An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine, Am. J. Epidemiol., 89, 405, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120954 Hall, 1979, Neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection, N. Engl. J. Med., 300, 393, 10.1056/NEJM197902223000803 Ogilvie, 1981, Maternal antibody and respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy, J. Med. Virol., 7, 263, 10.1002/jmv.1890070403 Parrott, 1973, Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Washington, D.C. II. Infection and disease with respect to age, immunologic status, race, and sex, Am. J. Epidemol., 98, 289, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121558 Glezen, 1981, Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level, J. Pediatr., 98, 708, 10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80829-3 Glezen, 1984, Parainfluenza virus type 3: seasonality and risk of infection and reinfection in young children, J. Infect. Dis., 150, 851, 10.1093/infdis/150.6.851 Puck, 1980, Protection of infants from infection with influenza A virus by transplacentally acquired antibody, J. Infect. Dis., 142, 844, 10.1093/infdis/142.6.844 Parrott, 1973, Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Washington, D.C. II. Infection and disease with respect to age, immunologic status, race, and sex, Am. J. Epidemol., 98, 289, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121558 Scott, 1981, Cellular and antibody response to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in human colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood, J. Med. Virol., 8, 55, 10.1002/jmv.1890080105 Downham, 1976, Breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections, BMJ, 2, 274, 10.1136/bmj.2.6030.274 Prince, 1985, Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the cotton rat, Virus Res., 3, 193, 10.1016/0168-1702(85)90045-0 McIntosh, 1978, The immunologic response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infants, J. Infect. Dis., 138, 24, 10.1093/infdis/138.1.24 Welliver, 1980, The antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus: kinetics of class-specific responses, J. Pediatr., 96, 808, 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80547-6 Murphy, 1986, Dissociation between serum neutralizing and glycoprotein antibody responses of infants and children who received inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, J. Clin. Microbiol., 24, 197, 10.1128/JCM.24.2.197-202.1986 Vainionpaa, 1985, Antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins in children with acute respiratory syncytial virus infection, J. Virol., 53, 976, 10.1128/JVI.53.3.976-979.1985 Murphy, 1986, Serum and nasal-wash immunoglobulin G and A antibody response of infants and children to respiratory syncytial virus F and G glycoproteins following primary infection, J. Clin. Microbiol., 23, 1009, 10.1128/JCM.23.6.1009-1014.1986 Wright, 2000, Evaluation of a live cold-passaged temperature-sensitive respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate in infancy, J. Infect. Dis., 182, 1331, 10.1086/315859 Clements, 1996, Effective immunization with live attenuated influenza A virus can be achieved in early infancy, J. Infect. Dis., 173, 44, 10.1093/infdis/173.1.44 Wagner, 1989, Serum immunoglobulin G antibody subclass response to respiratory syncytial virus F and G glycoproteins after first second and third infections, J. Clin. Microbiol., 27, 589, 10.1128/JCM.27.3.589-592.1989 Meurman, 1992, Immunoglobulin G antibody avidity in patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection, J. Clin. Microbiol., 38, 1479, 10.1128/JCM.30.6.1479-1484.1992 Crowe, 2001, Influence of maternal antibodies on neonatal immunization against respiratory viruses, Clin. Infect. Dis., 33, 1720, 10.1086/322971 Murphy, 1988, Passive transfer of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antiserum suppresses the immune response to the RSV fusion (F) and large (G) glycoproteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses, J. Virol., 62, 3907, 10.1128/JVI.62.10.3907-3910.1988 Crowe, 1995, Cold-passaged temperature-sensitive mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are highly attenuated immunogenic and protective in seronegative chimpanzees even when RSV antibodies are infused shortly before immunization, Vaccine, 13, 847, 10.1016/0264-410X(94)00074-W Crowe, 2001, Passively acquired antibodies suppress humoral but not cell-mediated immunity in mice immunized with live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines, J. Immunol., 167, 3910, 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.3910 Crowe, 2001, Genetic and structural determinants of virus neutralizing antibodies, Immunol. Res., 23, 135, 10.1385/IR:23:2-3:135 Scott, 1978, Development of in vitro correlates of cell-mediated immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in humans, J. Infect. Dis., 137, 810, 10.1093/infdis/137.6.810 Anderson, 1994, Cytokine response to respiratory syncytial virus stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, J. Infect. Dis., 170, 1201, 10.1093/infdis/170.5.1201 Isaacs, 1987, Cell-mediated cytotoxic response to respiratory syncytial virus in infants with bronchiolitis, Lancet, ii, 769, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92502-5 McMichael, 1983, Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza, N. Engl. J. Med., 309, 13, 10.1056/NEJM198307073090103 Ennis, 1981, HLA restricted virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to live and inactivated influenza vaccines, Lancet, ii, 887, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)91389-1 McMichael, 1981, The human cytotoxic T cell response to influenza A vaccination, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 43, 276 Miettinen, 2001, IFNs activate toll-like receptor gene expression in viral infections, Genes Immun., 2, 349, 10.1038/sj.gene.6363791 Martinez, 2002, What have we learned from the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study?, Paediatr. Respir. Rev., 3, 193, 10.1016/S1526-0542(02)00188-4 Choi, 2002, A common haplotype of interleukin-4 gene IL4 is associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in Korean children, J. Infect. Dis., 186, 1207, 10.1086/344310 Hoebee, 2003, Association of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with interleukin-4 and interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms, J. Infect. Dis., 187, 2, 10.1086/345859 Bendelja, 2000, Predominant type-2 response in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection demonstrated by cytokine flow cytometry, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 121, 332, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01297.x Hull, 2000, Association of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with the interleukin 8 gene region in UK families, Thorax, 55, 1023, 10.1136/thorax.55.12.1023 Smyth, 2002, Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: disease severity, interleukin-8, and virus genotype, Pediatr. Pulmonol., 33, 339, 10.1002/ppul.10080 Tripp, 2001, CX3C chemokine mimicry by respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein, Nat. Immunol., 2, 732, 10.1038/90675 McCormack, 2002, The pulmonary collectins, SP-A and SP-D, orchestrate innate immunity in the lung, J. Clin. Invest., 109, 707, 10.1172/JCI0215293 Lahti, 2002, Surfactant protein D gene polymorphism associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection, Pediatr. Res., 51, 696, 10.1203/00006450-200206000-00006 Lofgren, 2002, Association between surfactant protein A gene locus and severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants, J. Infect. Dis., 185, 283, 10.1086/338473