Immunological Apparatus of the Gut and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Taylor, 1966, Immunological mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract, Gastroenterology, 51, 1058, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34303-3 Watson, 1969, Immune responses and the gut, Gastroenterology, 56, 944, 10.1016/S0016-5085(69)80100-9 Kraft, 1966, Present status of immunological mechanisms in ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, 51, 788, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34350-1 Watson, 1968, Immune mechanisms and ulcerative colitis, vol 1, 391 Wright, 1970, Ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, 58, 875, 10.1016/S0016-5085(70)80162-7 Kirsner, 1970, Ulcerative colitis 1970-recent developments, Scand J Gastroent, 6, 63 Kirsner, 1965, The immunologic response of the colon, JAMA, 191, 809, 10.1001/jama.1965.03080100027007 Clark, 1963, Isolated environment of lymphoid tissues of the intestine, Fed Proc, 22, 1339 Deane, 1964, Some electron microscopic observations on the lamina propria of the gut, with comments on the close association of macrophages, plasma cells, and eosinophils, Anat Rec, 149, 453, 10.1002/ar.1091490315 Kraft, 1960, Mast cells and the gastrointestinal tract: a review, Gastroenterology, 39, 764, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)35206-0 Dameshek, 1963, “Immunoblasts” and “immunocytes”-an attempt at a functional nomenclature, Blood, 21, 243, 10.1182/blood.V21.2.243.243 Schwartz, 1969, Therapeutic strategy in clinical immunology, New Eng J Med, 280, 367, 10.1056/NEJM196902132800706 Miller, 1969, Thymus and antigen-reactive cells, Transplant Rev, 1, 3 Crabbe, 1970, Immunohistochemical observations on lymphoid tissues from conventional and germ-free mice, Lab Invest, 22, 448 Crabbe, 1966, The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells along the human gastrointestinal tract, Gastroenterology, 51, 305, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34386-0 Meuwissen, 1969, Role of rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue in cell replication, The follicular cortex as primary germinative site. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 130, 300, 10.3181/00379727-130-33542 Cornes, 1965, Number, size, and distribution of Peyer's patches in the human small intestine, I. The development of Peyer's patches. Gut, 6, 225 Cornes, 1965, Number, size, and distribution of Peyer's patches in the human small intestine, II. The effect of age on Peyer's patches. Gut, 6, 230 Pulvertaft, 1959, Cellular associations in normal and abnormal lymphocytes, Proc Roy Soc Med, 52, 315, 10.1177/003591575905200501 Pleasants, 1970, Symposium on gnotobiotic research, Bioscience, 20, 1315, 10.1093/bioscience/20.24.1315 Pollard, 1970, Responses of the Peyer's patches in germ-free mice to antigenic stimulation, Infect Immun, 2, 96, 10.1128/IAI.2.1.96-100.1970 Dobbins, 1966, The intestinal mucosal lymphatic in man, A light and electron microscopic study. Gastroenterology, 51, 994 Collan, 1970, The lymphatic pump of the intestinal villus of the rat, Scand J Gastroent, 5, 187, 10.1080/00365521.1970.12096576 Darlington, 1966, Epithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of the mouse, J Anat, 100, 813 Meader, 1967, Electron and light microscopic observations on relationships between lymphocytes and intestinal epithelium, Amer J Anat, 121, 763, 10.1002/aja.1001210318 Fichtelius, 1968, The gut epithelium-a first level lymphoid organ?, Exp Cell Res, 49, 87, 10.1016/0014-4827(68)90522-3 Fichtelius, 1969, The phylogenetic occurrence of lymphocytes within the gut epithelium, Int Arch Allerg, 35, 119, 10.1159/000230165 Shimizu, 1967, Studies on the rabbit appendix, I. Lymphocyte-epithelial relations and the transport of bacteria from lumen to lymphoid nodule. J Morph, 123, 231 Andrew, 1965, Lymphocyte transformation in epithelium, J Nat Cancer Inst, 35, 113, 10.1093/jnci/35.1.113 Crabbe, 1965, The normal human intestinal mucosa as a major source of plasma cells containing γA-immunoglobulin, Lab Invest, 14, 235 Gelzayd, 1968, Distribution of immunoglobulins in human rectal mucosa, I. Normal control subjects. Gastroenterology, 54, 334 Tada, 1970, Distribution of yE-forming cells in lymphoid tissues of the human and monkey, J Immun, 104, 377, 10.4049/jimmunol.104.2.377 Gelzayd, 1967, Immunoglobulin A: localization in rectal mucosal epithelial cells, Science, 157, 930, 10.1126/science.157.3791.930 Heremans, 1967, 129 Tourville, 1969, The human secretory immunoglobulin system Immunohistological localization of γA, secretory “piece,” and lactoferrin in normal human tissues, J Exp Med, 129, 411, 10.1084/jem.129.2.411 Mellors, 1963, The cellular origin of human immunoglobulins (γ2 , γ1M, γ1A), J Exp Med, 118, 387, 10.1084/jem.118.3.387 Eidelman, 1966, The relationship between intestinal plasma cells and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) in man, J Clin Invest, 45, 1003 Crabbe, 1966, Lack of gamma Aimmunoglobulin in serum of patients with steatorrhoea, Gut, 7, 119, 10.1136/gut.7.2.119 Swanson, 1968, Absence of IgA in serum with presence of IgA containing cells in intestinal tract, Clin Res, 16, 119 Gelzayd, 1971, Intestinal malabsorption and immunoglobulin deficiency, Arch Intern Med (Chicago), 127, 141, 10.1001/archinte.1971.00310130145027 Eidelman, 1968, Immunoglobulin content of intestinal mucosal plasma-cells in ataxia telangiectasia, Lancet, 1, 884, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)90238-9 Brandtzaeg, 1968, Immunoglobulin M: local synthesis and selective secretion in patients with immunoglobulin A deficiency, Science, 160, 789, 10.1126/science.160.3829.789 Olson, 1966, Lymphocytopoiesis, plasmacytopoiesis and cellular proliferation in nonantigenically stimulated germfree mice, J Immun, 97, 267, 10.4049/jimmunol.97.2.267 Crabbe, 1969, The significance of local IgA in the physiology of the intestinal mucosa, Folia Med Neerl, 12, 100 Tomasi, 1965, Characteristics of an immune system common to certain external secretions, J Exp Med, 121, 101, 10.1084/jem.121.1.101 Chodirker, 1963, Gamma-globulins: quantitative relationships in human serum and nonvascular fluids, Science, 142, 1080, 10.1126/science.142.3595.1080 South, 1966, The IgA system, I. Studies of the transport and immunochemistry of IgA in the saliva. J Exp Med, 123, 615 Tomasi, 1968, 270 Asofski, 1969, An extension of the nomenclature for immunoglobulins, Bull WHO, 41, 975 Tomasi, 1968, Secretory immunoglobulins, Advances Immun, 9, 1, 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60441-1 Tomasi, 1970, Structure and function of mucosal antibodies, Ann Rev Med, 21, 281, 10.1146/annurev.me.21.020170.001433 Tomasi, 1970, Mucosal antibodies in respiratory and gastrointestinal disease, Advances Intern Med, 16, 401 Brandtzaeg, 1970, Human secretory immunoglobulins, I. Salivary secretions from individuals with normal or low levels of serum immunoglobulins. Scand J Haemat (suppl), 12, 1 Kunkel, 1966, Subgroups of yA immune globulins, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 122, 910, 10.3181/00379727-122-31287 Vaerman, 1966, Subclasses of human immunoglobulin A based on differences in the alpha polypeptide chains, Science, 153, 647, 10.1126/science.153.3736.647 Feinstein, 1966, Two antigenically distinguishable subclasses of human A myeloma proteins differing in their heavy chains, Nature (London), 212, 1496, 10.1038/2121496a0 Grey, 1968, A subclass of human -yA-globulins (-yA2) which lacks the disulfide bonds linking heavy and light chains, J Exp Med, 128, 1223, 10.1084/jem.128.6.1223 Kunkel, 1969, Genetic marker of the γA2 subgroup of γA immunoglobulins, Nature (London), 223, 12471248, 10.1038/2231247a0 Vyas, 1969, Am(1), the first genetic marker of human immunoglobulin A, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 64, 1211, 10.1073/pnas.64.4.1211 Jerry, 1970, Absence of disulfide bonds linking the heavy and light chains: a property of a genetic variant of γA2 globulins, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 65, 557, 10.1073/pnas.65.3.557 Brown, 1970, Proteolytic degradation of exocrine and serum immunoglobulins, J Clin Invest, 49, 1374, 10.1172/JCI106354 Waldman, 1970, Secretory IgA in human serum, J Immun, 105, 4347, 10.4049/jimmunol.105.1.43 Thompson, 1970, Quantitation of exocrine IgA in human serum in health and disease, Clin Exp Immun, 7, 491 Thompson, 1969, Secretory IgA in the serum, Lancet, 2, 517, 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)90217-7 Waldman, 1970, Secretory IgA (SIgA) levels in human serum, Clin Res, 18, 617 Asquith, 1971, Quantitation of serum secretory IgA in gastrointestinal disease, Clin Res, 19, 562 Kraft, 1971, 467 Thompson, 1970, Secretory piece linked to IgM in individuals deficient in IgA, Nature (London), 226, 946, 10.1038/226946a0 Pierce, 1959, Specific antibodies at mucous surfaces, Vet Rev Annot, 5, 17 Burrows, 1947, Studies on immunity to Asiatic cholera, IV. The excretion of coproantibody in experimental enteric cholera in the guinea pig. J Infect Dis, 81, 261 Burrows, 1948, Studies on immunity to Asiatic cholera, V. The absorption of immune globulin from the bowel and its excretion in the urine and feces of experimental animals and human volunteers. J Infect Dis, 82, 231 Mitchison, 1953, The passage of antibodies into the intestine in rabbits, Quart J Exp Physiol, 38, 139, 10.1113/expphysiol.1953.sp001019 McCleery, 1970, Demonstration of antibody in rabbit feces after active or passive parenteral immunization, Digestion, 3, 213, 10.1159/000197034 Brambell, 1964, A theoretical model of γ-globulin catabolism, Nature (London), 203, 1352, 10.1038/2031352a0 Schultze, 1966, The proteins of digestive secretions, Molecular Biology of Human Proteins with Special Reference to Plasma Proteins, 773 Johnson, 1970, The secretory immune system, a brief review, J Infect Dis, 121, S115, 10.1093/infdis/121.Supplement.S115 Ishizaka, 1966, C'1 fixation by human isoagglutinins: Fixation of C'1 by γ-G and γM but not by γA antibody, J Immun, 97, 716, 10.4049/jimmunol.97.5.716 Adinolfi, 1966, Serological properties of γA antibodies to Escherichia coli present in human colostrum, Immunology, 10, 517 Brandtzaeg, 1968, Adsorption of immunoglobulin A onto oral bacteria in vivo, J Bact, 96, 242, 10.1128/JB.96.1.242-249.1968 Heremans, 1966, Biological significance of exocrine gamma-A-immunoglobulin, Acta Med Scand, 179, 8488 Plaut, 1969, Immunoglobulins in human small intestinal fluid, Gastroenterology, 56, 522, 10.1016/S0016-5085(69)80161-7 Kraft, 1970, Nonimmunologic precipitin lines between serum and enteric contents giving false-positive evidence of local antibody production, J Immun, 104, 528, 10.4049/jimmunol.104.2.528 Brown, 1971, Nonimmunoglobulin precipitin lines between intestinal fluids and antisera in immunodiffusion studies: An explanation for their occurrence and how they can be avoided, J Lab Clin Med, 77, 326 Brandtzaeg, 1967, Localization of immunoglobulins in human nasal mucosa, Immunochemistry, 4, 57, 10.1016/0019-2791(67)90197-8 Hodes, 1964, Proof that colostrum polio antibody is different from serum antibody, J Pediat, 65, 1017, 10.1016/S0022-3476(64)80037-8 Bellanti, 1965, Characterization of virus neutralizing antibodie: in human serum and nasal secretions, J Immur, 94, 344 Berger, 1967, Demonstration of IgA polioantibody in saliva, duodenal fluid and urine, Nature (London), 214, 420, 10.1038/214420a0 Adinolfi, 1966, γA-blood group antibodies, J Exp Med, 123, 951, 10.1084/jem.123.5.951 Tomasi, 1967, The gamma A globulins: first line of defense, Hosp Pract, 2, 26, 10.1080/21548331.1967.11706600 Crabbe, 1968, The normal microbial flora as a major stimulus for proliferation of plasma cells synthesizing IgA in the gut: the germ-free intestinal tract, Int Arch Allerg, 34, 362, 10.1159/000230130 Lance, 1969, Segregation of lymphocyte populations through differential migration, Nature (London), 221, 841, 10.1038/221841a0 Farr, 1951, Experiments on the fate of the lymphocyte, Anat Rec, 109, 515, 10.1002/ar.1091090308 Gowans, 1964, The route of re-circulation of lymphocytes in the rat, Proc Roy Soc [Biol], 159, 257, 10.1098/rspb.1964.0001 Griscelli, 1969, The distribution of large dividing lymph node cells in syngeneic recipient rats after intravenous injection, J Exp Med, 130, 1427, 10.1084/jem.130.6.1427 Hall, 1970, Homing of lymph-borne immunoblasts to the gut, Nature (London), 226, 262, 10.1038/226262a0 Birbeck, 1967, Transformation, in vivo, of basophilic lymph cells into plasma cells, Nature (London), 214, 183, 10.1038/214183a0 Dineen, 1968, The cellular transfer of immunity to trichostrongylus colubriformis in an isogenic strain of guinea-pig, IV. The localization of immune lymphocytes in small intestine in infected and non-infected guinea-pigs. Immunology, 15, 671 Shields, 1969, Quantitative studies on small lymphocyte disposition in epithelial cells, Amer J Path, 54, 129 Pascal, 1968, Colonic pericryptal fibroblast sheath: replication, migration, and cytodifferentiation of a mesenchymal cell system in adult tissue, I. Autoradiographic studies of normal rabbit colon. Gastroenterology, 54, 835 Springer, 1961, Blood group activity of gram-negative bacteria, J Exp Med, 113, 1077, 10.1084/jem.113.6.1077 Taylor, 1965, Role of immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract, Fed Proc, 24, 23 Rothberg, 1965, Antibodies in rabbits fed milk and their similarities to antibodies in some human sera, J Allerg, 36, 450, 10.1016/0021-8707(65)90139-5 Rothberg, 1965, Anti-bovine serum albumin and anti-alpha lactalbumin in the serum of children and adults, Pediatrics, 35, 571, 10.1542/peds.35.4.571 Rothberg, 1969, Immunoglobulin and specific antibody synthesis during the first weeks of life of premature infants, J Pediat, 75, 391, 10.1016/S0022-3476(69)80264-7 Kraft, 1967, Gastric acid output and circulating anti-bovine serum albumin in adults, Clin Exp Immun, 2, 321 Peterson, 1963, Antibodies to cow's milk proteins-their presence and significance, Pediatrics, 31, 209, 10.1542/peds.31.2.209 Korenblat, 1968, Immune responses of human adults after oral and parenteral exposure to bovine serum albumin, J Allerg, 41, 226, 10.1016/0021-8707(68)90046-4 Springer, 1967, The relation of microbes to blood group-active substances, 29 Springer, 1969, Blood group isoantibody stimulation in man by feeding blood group-active bacteria, J Clin Invest, 48, 1280, 10.1172/JCI106094 Thomson, 1948 Bindseil, 1970, Immunity to Ascaris suum, 3. The importance of the gut for immunity in mice. Acta Path Microbiol Scand [B], 78, 183 Farr, 1960, Quantitative aspects of oral immunization against bovine serum albumin (BSA), Fed Proc, 19, 199 Rothberg, 1971, Local immunologic responses to ingested protein, 293 Farr, 1961, The transfer of antibody producing capacity from intestinal to other lymphatic tissue, Fed Proc, 20, 25 Rothberg, 1967, Similarities between rabbit antibodies produced following ingestion of bovine serum albumin and following parenteral immunization, J Immun, 98, 386 Goldberg, 1970, Lymphocyte transformation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) following oral or parenteral immunization in rabbits, Fed Proc, 29, 359 Bienenstock, 1971, 317 Crabbe, 1969, Antibodies of the IgA type in intestinal plasma cells of germfree mice after oral or parenteral immunization with ferritin, J Exp Med, 130, 723, 10.1084/jem.130.4.723 Heremans, 1971, Peroral stimulation of IgA antibody formation in mice, 309 Bazin, 1970, Predominant contribution of IgA antibody-forming cells to an immune response detected in extraintestinal lymphoid tissues of germ-free mice exposed to antigen by the oral route, J Immun, 105, 1049 Cooper, 1968, Production of an antibody deficiency syndrome in rabbits by neonatal removal of organized in testinal lymphoid tissues, Int Arch Allerg, 33, 65, 10.1159/000229975 Perey, 1968, Experimental arrest and induction of lymphoid development in intestinal lymphoepithelial tissues of rabbits, Lab Invest, 18, 15 Perey, 1968, The mammalian homologue of the avian bursa of Fabricius, I. Neonatal extirpation of Peyer's patch type lymphoepithelial tissues in rabbits: method and inhibition of development of humoral immunity. Surgery, 64, 614 Evans, 1967, Repopulation of Peyer's patches in mice, Nature (London), 216, 36, 10.1038/216036a0 Cooper, 1968, Immunological responses in rats following antigenic stimulation of Peyer's patches, II. Histological changes in germ-free animals. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci, 46, 407 Cooper, 1969, Development of IgM memory in rats after antigenic stimulation of Peyer's patches, J Reticuloendothel Soc, 6, 419 Henry, 1970, Peyer's patches: immunologic studies, J Exp Med, 131, 1200, 10.1084/jem.131.6.1200 Armstrong, 1969, Antigen-reactive cells in normal, immunized, and tolerant mice, J Exp Med, 129, 393, 10.1084/jem.129.2.393 Fichtelius, 1967, The mammalian equivalent to bursa Fabricii of birds, Exp Cell Res, 46, 231, 10.1016/0014-4827(67)90427-2 Fichtelius, 1969, The lympho-epithelial organs of homo sapiens revisited, Acta Path Microbiol Scand, 77, 103, 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1969.tb04212.x Folkman, 1968, The culture of Peyer's patches, Exp Cell Res, 52, 401, 10.1016/0014-4827(68)90481-3 Kirsner, 1960, Hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and the digestive tract, Gastroenterology, 38, 536, 10.1016/S0016-5085(60)80028-5 Goldgraber, 1959, The Arthus phenomenon in the colon of rabbits: a serial histological study, Arch Path (Chicago), 67, 556 Kraft, 1963, Histologic and immunohistochemical features of the Auer “colitis” in rabbits, Amer J Path, 43, 913 Kirsner, 1961, Experimental "colitis" with particular reference to hypersensitivity reactions in the colon, Gastroenterology, 40, 307, 10.1016/S0016-5085(61)80122-4 LeVeen, 1961, Experimental ulcerative colitis produced by anticolon sera, Ann Surg, 154, 275, 10.1097/00000658-196108000-00014 Bicks, 1962, Immunologic “colitis” in dogs, Amer J Dig Dis, 7, 574, 10.1007/BF02236138 Shean, 1964, Studies on active and passive antibody induced colitis in the dog, Amer J Surg, 107, 337, 10.1016/0002-9610(64)90277-6 Bicks, 1967, Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the intestinal tract, I. Studies of 2, 4-dinitrochlo robenzene-caused guinea pig and swine colon lesions. Gastroenterology, 53, 422 Reilly, 1965, Runt intestinal disease, Lab Invest, 14, 102 Singer, 1966, Colonic manifestations of runt disease, Yale J Biol Med, 39, 106 Perlmann, 1967, Autoantibodies to colon in rats and human ulcerative colitis: cross reactivitv with Escherichia coli O:14 antigen, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 125, 975, 10.3181/00379727-125-32253 Holborow, 1963, Autoantibody production in rabbits, VI. The production of autoantibodies against rabbit gastric, ileal and colonic mucosa. Immunology, 6, 551 Ford, 1967, Iso-antibodies to colon, Int Arch Allerg, 31, 449, 10.1159/000229890 Asherson, 1966, Autoantibody production in rabbits, VII Autoantibodies to gut produced by the injection of bacteria. Immunology, 10, 161 Cooke, 1968, The production of colonic auto-antibodies in rabbits by immunisation with Escherichia coli, J Path Bact, 96, 125, 10.1002/path.1700960113 Oriol Palou, 1967, Experimental production of hemorrhagic ulcerative colitis with autoantibodies, Med Hyg (Geneva), 25, 62 Halpern, 1968, Experimental immune ulcerative colitis, Immunopathology, 161 Zweibaum, 1968, Realisation d'une colite ulcero-hemorragique experimentale par immunisation bacterienne, Path Biol, 16, 813 Mitschke, 1968, Experimentelle untersuchungen zur immunpathologie des colon, Beitr Path Anat, 136, 261 Staley, 1970, Early pathogenesis of colitis in neonatal pigs monocontaminated with Escherichia coli: fine structural changes in the colonic epithelium, Amer J Dig Dis, 15, 923, 10.1007/BF02236060 Staley, 1970, Early pathogenesis of colitis in neonatal pigs monocontaminated with Escherichia coli: fine structural changes in the circulatory compartments of the lamina propria and submucosa, Amer J Dig Dis, 15, 937, 10.1007/BF02236062 Broberger, 1964, Immunologic studies in ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, 47, 229, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34735-3 Kraft, 1968, Some considerations of immunologic mechanisms in nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Israel J Med Sci, 4, 122 Perlmann, 1969, Lower gastrointestinal system, vol 2, 551 Kraft, 1971, Ulcerative colitis, 1346 Lagercrantz, 1966, Immunological studies in ulcerative colitis, III. Incidence of antibodies to colon-antigen in ulcerative colitis and other gastro-intestinal diseases. Clin Exp Immun, 1, 263 McGiven, 1967, Autoantibodies in ulcerative colitis, Brit Med J, 2, 19, 10.1136/bmj.2.5543.19 Broberger, 1959, Autoantibodies in human ulcerative colitis, J Exp Med, 110, 657, 10.1084/jem.110.5.657 Deodhar, 1969, A study of the immunologic aspects of chronic ulcerative colitis and transmural colitis, Amer J Clin Path, 51, 591, 10.1093/ajcp/51.5.591 von Kleist, 1966, On the specificity of autoantibodies present in colon cancer patients, Immunology, 10, 507 Nairn, 1962, Gastro-intestinal-specific antigen: an immunohistochemical and serological study, Brit Med J, 1, 1788, 10.1136/bmj.1.5295.1788 Nairn, 1966, Species distribution of gastrointestinal antigens, Nature (London), 210, 960, 10.1038/210960a0 Zweibaum, 1966, Presence in colic glandular cells of various mammalian species of an antigen cross-reacting with human blood group A substance, Nature (London), 209, 159, 10.1038/209159a0 Hammarstrom, 1965, Immunological studies in ulcerative colitis, II. “Colon” antigen and human blood group A and H-like antigens in germfree rats. J Exp Med, 122, 1075 Martin, 1970, Demonstration of antigens related to colonic cancer in the human digestive system, Int J Cancer, 6, 352, 10.1002/ijc.2910060305 Gold, 1968, Cellular location of carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system, Cancer Res, 28, 1331 Krupey, 1968, Physicochemical studies of the carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system, J Exp Med, 128, 387, 10.1084/jem.128.3.387 Zweibaum, 1969, Natural iso-antibodies specific for tissular group antigens of the colon in dog and rabbit, Nature (London), 223, 84, 10.1038/223084a0 Zweibaum, 1970, Iso- et hetero-systemes naturels de groupe digestif chez 1'homme, Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris), 118, 547 Polcak, 1968, Immunologic manifestations of healthy consanguineous relatives of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis, Amer J Proctol, 19, 197 Lagercrantz, 1968, Immunological studies in ulcerative colitis, IV. Origin of autoantibodies. J Exp Med, 128, 1339 Barbiano di Belgiojoso, 1968, Caracteristiques fondamentales des anticorps anticolon dans le serum d'un malade atteint de colite ul cereuse: Considerations sur un cas clinique, Acta Gastroent Belg, 31, 483 Gold, 1967, Circulating antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system, Cancer, 20, 1663, 10.1002/1097-0142(196710)20:10<1663::AID-CNCR2820201014>3.0.CO;2-D Moore, 1970, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the evaluation of gastrointestinal malignancy, Clin Res, 18, 680 Zeromski, 1970, Immunological studies in ulcerative colitis, VII. Anti-colon antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes. Clin Exp Immun, 7, 469 Harrison, 1965, Autoantibodies against intestinal and gastric mucous cells in ulcerative colitis, Lancet, 1, 1346, 10.1016/S0140-6736(65)92151-3 Perlmann, 1965, Antigen from colon of germfree rats and antibodies in human ulcerative colitis, Ann NY Acad Sci, 124, 377, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb18972.x Michael, 1963, Association of "natural" antibodies to gram-negative bacteria with the γ1-macroglobulins, J Exp Med, 118, 619, 10.1084/jem.118.4.619 Benedict, 1965, Sensitivity of passive haemagglutination for assay of 7S and 19S antibodies in primary rabbit anti-bovine serum albumin sera, Nature (London), 206, 1368, 10.1038/2061368b0 Cohen, 1968, Antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes in newborn and adult sera reactive with gram-negative bacteria, J Clin Invest, 47, 1053, 10.1172/JCI105795 Barnes, 1969, A germfree infant, Lancet, 1, 168, 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)91187-8 Browning, 1969, Organ culture of mucosal biopsies of human small intestine, J Clin Invest, 48, 1423, 10.1172/JCI106108 Mitus, 1970, Cultures of segments of human fetal intestine: applications to cytologic and virologic investigations, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 134, 800, 10.3181/00379727-134-34887 Dolin, 1970, Establishment of human fetal intestinal organ cultures for growth of viruses, J Infect Dis, 122, 227, 10.1093/infdis/122.3.227 Thayer, 1969, Escherichia coli 0:14 and colon hemagglutinating antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease, Gastroenterology, 57, 311, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)33904-6 Kunin, 1963, Separation, characterization, and biological significance of a common antigen in Enterobacteriaceae, J Exp Med, 118, 565, 10.1084/jem.118.4.565 Hammarstrom, 1969, Autoantibodies to colon in germfree rats monocontaminated with Clostridium difficile, J Exp Med, 129, 747, 10.1084/jem.129.4.747 Fink, 1967, E, coli agglutinating activity of ulcerative colitis sera. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 125, 402, 10.3181/00379727-125-32103 Bregman, 1965, Amino acids of colon and rectum: possible involvement of diaminopimelic acid of intestinal bacteria in antigenicity of ulcerative colitis colon, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 118, 727, 10.3181/00379727-118-29952 Goldstein, 1970, Clinical and immunological perspectives in food sensitivity: a review, J Allerg, 46, 270, 10.1016/0021-8707(70)90068-7 Lindblad, 1961, The incidence of positive intradermal reactions and the demonstration of skin sensitizing antibody to extracts of ragweed and dust in humans without history of rhinitis or asthma, J Allerg, 32, 392, 10.1016/0021-8707(61)90016-8 Taylor, 1964, Serologic reactions to gluten and cow's milk proteins in gastrointestinal disease, Gastroenterology, 46, 99, 10.1016/S0016-5085(64)80046-9 Wright, 1965, Circulating antibodies to dietary proteins in ulcerative colitis, Brit Med J, 2, 142, 10.1136/bmj.2.5454.142 Dudek, 1965, A study of ulcerative colitis and circulating antibodies to milk proteins, Gastroenterology, 49, 544, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34492-0 McCaffery, 1970, Influence of assay techniques in characterizing cow's milk antibodies in patients with inflam matory bowel disease, J Lab Clin Med, 76, 874 Bicks, 1959, Serum proteins in ulcerative colitis, I. Electrophoretic patterns in active disease. Gastroenterology, 37, 256 de Dombal, 1967, The prognostic value of the serum proteins in ulcerative colitis, Brit J Surg, 54, 857, 10.1002/bjs.1800541015 Kraft, 1968, Serum immunoglobulin levels in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, Gastroenterology, 54, 1251 Bull, 1968, Deficiency of immunoglobulin A in intestinal disease, Gastroenterology, 54, 313, 10.1016/S0016-5085(68)80019-8 Asquith, 1969, Serumimmunoglobulins in adult coeliac disease, Lancet, 2, 129, 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)92440-4 Hobbs, 1968, Immunoglobulins and alimentary disease, Lancet, 2, 47, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)92917-6 Lassus, 1970, Autoimmune serum factors and IgA elevation in lymphogranuloma venereum, Ann Clin Res, 2, 51 Bendixen, 1970, Immunoglobulin and albumin turnover in ulcerative colitis, Scand J Gastroent, 5, 433, 10.1080/00365521.1970.12096616 Gelzayd, 1968, Distribution of immunoglobulins in human rectal mucosa, II. Ulcerative colitis and abnormal mucosal control subjects. Gastroenterology, 54, 341 Koffler, 1962, Immunocytochemical studies in ulcerative colitis and regional ileitis, Amer J Path, 41, 733 Crabbe, 1966, Presence of large numbers of plasma cells containing IgD in the rectal mucosa of a patient with ulcerative colitis, Acta Clin Belg, 21, 73, 10.1080/17843286.1966.11716598 Crabbe, 1967, Addendum from authors, Gastroenterology, 52, 741 Soltoft, 1969, Immunoglobulin-containing cells in normal jejunal mucosa and in ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis, Scand J Gastroent, 4, 353, 10.3109/00365526909180616 Binder, 1966, Delayed hypersensitivity in regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis, Amer J Dig Dis, 11, 572, 10.1007/BF02233570 Perlmann, 1963, In vitro studies of ulcerative colitis, II. Cytotoxic action of white blood cells from patients on human fetal colon cells. J Exp Med, 117, 717 Watson, 1966, Effect of lymphocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis on human adult colon epithelial cells, Gastroenterology, 51, 985, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34298-2 Watson, 1965, The autologous leukocyte skin test in patients with ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, 49, 649, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34466-X Fink, 1967, Rectal reaction to injected ulcerative, colitis leucocytes and plasma. Gut, 8, 20 Stefani, 1967, Effect of E, coli antigens, tuberculin, and phytohaemagglutinin upon ulcerative colitis lymphocytes. Gut, 8, 249 Hinz, 1967, Reactivity in vitro of lymphocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis, J Lab Clin Med, 70, 752 Walker, 1969, Delayed hypersensitivity and lymphocyte transformation in Crohn's disease and proctocolitis, Gut, 10, 414 Shorter, 1968, Inhibition of in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis and granulomatous colitis for allogeneic colonic epithelial cells using horse anti-human thymus serum, Gastroenterology, 54, 227, 10.1016/S0016-5085(68)80008-3 Shorter, 1969, Further studies of in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with ulcerative and gran ulomatous colitis for allogeneic colonic epithelial cells, including the effects of colectomy, Gastroenterology, 56, 304, 10.1016/S0016-5085(69)80129-0 Shorter, 1969, Further studies of in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for colonic epithelial cells, Gastroenterology, 57, 30, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)33957-5 Shorter, 1970, Modification of in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with chronic ulcerative colitis or granulomatous colitis for allogenic colonic epithelial cells, Gastroenterology, 58, 692, 10.1016/S0016-5085(70)80129-9 Shorter, 1970, Effects of preliminary incubation of lymphocytes with serum on their cytotoxicity for colonic epithelial cells, Gastroenterology, 58, 843, 10.1016/S0016-5085(70)80158-5 Huizenga, 1970, Immunologic aspects of ulcerative colitis, Southern Med J, 63, 954, 10.1097/00007611-197008000-00016 George, 1962, In vitro cell migration as a model for delayed hypersensitivity, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 111, 514, 10.3181/00379727-111-27841 David, 1968, Macrophage migration, Fed Proc, 27, 6 Soborg, 1967, Human lymphocyte migration as a parameter of hypersensitivity, Acta Med Scand, 181, 247, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb07255.x Bendixen, 1967, Specific inhibition of the in vitro migration of leucocytes in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, Scand J Gastroent, 2, 214, 10.3109/00365526709180072 Bendixen, 1969, Cellular hypersensitivity to components of intestinal mucosa in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, Gut, 10, 631, 10.1136/gut.10.8.631 Rothberg, 1967, Thymic alymphoplasia with immunoglobulin synthesis, Amer J Dis Child, 113, 639 Kirk, 1967, Hypogammaglobulinemia, thymoma and ulcerative colitis, Canad Med Ass J, 96, 1272 Heremans, 1968, IgA deficiency: general considerations and relation to human disease, 298 South, 1968, The IgA system, II. The clinical significance of IgA deficiency: studies in patients with agam maglobulinemia and ataxia -telangiectasia. Amer J Med, 44, 168 Kraft, 1962, Criteria for evaluating autoimmune phenomena in ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, 43, 330, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)35012-7 Witebsky, 1967, Immunology: views of the past and visions for the future, Canad Med Ass J, 97, 1371 Weigle, 1965, The production of thyroiditis and antibody following injection of unaltered thyroglobulin without adjuvant into rabbits previ ously stimulated with altered thyroglobulin, J Exp Med, 122, 1049, 10.1084/jem.122.6.1049 Burch, 1969, Aetiology of ulcerative colitis, II. A new hypothesis. Gut, 10, 277 Kirsner, 1963, Family occurrences of ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, and ileocolitis, Ann Intern Med, 59, 133, 10.7326/0003-4819-59-2-133 Binder, 1966, A genetic study of ulcerative colitis, Scand J Gastroent, 1, 49, 10.1080/00365521.1966.11800613 Xavier, 1971, A new direct technique for cytogenetic studies of gastrointestinal lesions, 60 Konstantinova, 1969, Chromosomal aberrations in patients with ulcerohaemorrhagic colitis, Digestion, 2, 329, 10.1159/000196961 Fink, 1970, The “symbodies”: a factor in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis?, Gastroenterology, 59, 334 Gelernt, 1970, Alteration of the pattern of immunoglobulins following excisional surgery in inflammatory bowel disease, Gastroenterology, 58, 949 Epstein, 1967, Granulomatous hypersensitivity, Progr Allerg, 11, 36 Slaney, 1962, Hypersensitivity granulomata and the alimentary tract, Ann Roy Coll Surg Eng, 31, 249 Fletcher, 1967, Tuberculin sensitivity in Crohn's disease, a controlled study, Lancet, 2, 753, 10.1016/S0140-6736(67)91949-6 Jones Williams, 1965, A study of Crohn's syndrome using tissue extracts and the Kveim and Mantoux tests, Gut, 6, 503, 10.1136/gut.6.5.503 Jones, 1969, Development of delayed hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with Crohn's disease, Gut, 10, 52, 10.1136/gut.10.1.52 Turk, 1969, Cell-mediated immunological processes in leprosy, Bull WHO, 41, 779 Turk, 1969, Cell-mediated immunity in patients with leprosy, Lancet, 2, 243, 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)90009-9 Brown, 1970, Shortterm lymphocyte cultures in regional enteritis, Lancet, 1, 1112, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)92776-5 McFarlin, 1969, Impaired lymphocyte transformation in ataxia -telangiectasia in part due to a plasma inhibitory factor, J Immun, 103, 1212 Watson, 1971, Lymphocyte stimulation by colonic and fecal antigens in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, Clin Res, 19, 177 Mitchell, 1970, Further observations on Kveim test in Crohn's disease, Lancet, 2, 496, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)90114-5 Mitchell, 1970, Agent transmissible from Crohn's disease tissue, Lancet, 2, 168, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)92532-8 Golde, 1968, Aetiology of regional enteritis, Lancet, 1, 1144, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)90202-X Hislop, 1969, Genetic tendency in Crohn's disease, Gut, 10, 994, 10.1136/gut.10.12.994 Almy, 1966, Genetic aspects of ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis, Gastroenterology, 51, 757, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34349-5 Wright, 1966, Auto-immune reactions in ulcerative colitis, Gut, 7, 32, 10.1136/gut.7.1.32 Burtin, 1970, Immunochemical studies on human colonic tumors, 150 Jensen, 1970, IgM turnover in Crohn's disease, Gut, 11, 223, 10.1136/gut.11.3.223 Tomasi, 1971, Distribution and synthesis of human secretory components, 41 Eggert, 1969, Agammaglobulinemia and regional enteritis, Ann Intern Med, 71, 581, 10.7326/0003-4819-71-3-581 Rippey, 1967, Hypertrophied plasma cells in regional enteritis, Amer J Dig Dis, 12, 465, 10.1007/BF02233178 Bean, 1962, The treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis with 6-mercaptopurine, Med J Aust, 2, 592, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1962.tb20590.x Bowen, 1966, Early experiences with azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: a note of caution, JAMA, 195, 460, 10.1001/jama.1966.03100060100027 Avery Jones, 1966, Dangers of immunosuppressive drugs in ulcerative colitis, Brit Med J, 1, 1418, 10.1136/bmj.1.5500.1418-a Bean, 1966, Dangers of immunosuppressive drugs in ulcerative colitis, Brit Med J, 2, 361, 10.1136/bmj.2.5509.361-a Brooke, 1969, Azathioprine for Crohn's disease, Lancet, 2, 612, 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)90325-0 Avery Jones, 1969, Azathioprine for Crohn's disease, Lancet, 2, 795, 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)90499-1 Lambermont, 1970, Les immuno-suppresseurs dans l'ileo-colite granulomateuse: A propos de 2 cas favorables, Presse Med, 78, 889 Brown, 1970, Azathioprine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a preliminary report, Amer J Gastroent, 54, 363, 10.1016/S0016-5085(70)80038-5 Drucker, 1970, Azathioprine: an adjunct to surgical therapy of granulomatous enteritis, Ann Surg, 172, 618, 10.1097/00000658-197010000-00008 Brooke, 1970, Further experience with azathioprine for Crohn's disease, Lancet, 2, 1050, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)90284-9 Rhodes, 1970, Azathioprine in Crohn's disease, Lancet, 2, 1142, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)92347-0 Cooke, 1970, Azathioprine in Crohn's disease, Lancet, 2, 1195, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)90387-9 Berenbaum, 1970, The complications of immunosuppression, Proc Roy Soc Med, 63, 1063, 10.1177/003591577006301050 Kronman, 1970, Autoimmunity, ulcerative colitis, and colonic cancer, 166 Morowitz, 1968, Adenocarcinoma of the ileum complicating chronic regional enteritis, Gastroenterology, 55, 397, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34050-8 Perrett, 1968, Crohn's disease and carcinoma of colon, Brit Med J, 2, 466, 10.1136/bmj.2.5603.466 Goldman, 1970, Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel complicating Crohn's disease, Cancer, 26, 1119, 10.1002/1097-0142(197011)26:5<1119::AID-CNCR2820260523>3.0.CO;2-F Cline, 1966, Plasma kinins and cortisol: a possible explanation of the anti-inflammatory action of cortisol, Science, 153, 1135, 10.1126/science.153.3740.1135 Kellermeyer, 1968, Kinins-possible physiologic and pathologic roles in man, New Eng J Med, 279, 754, 10.1056/NEJM196810032791406 Weissman, 1962, Studies on lysosomes, I. The effects of endotoxin, endotoxin tolerance, and cortisone on the release of acid hydrolases from a granular fraction of rabbit liver. J Exp Med, 116, 433 Lorincz, 1962, Sulfapyridine and sulfone type drugs in dermatology, Arch Derm (Chicago), 85, 2, 10.1001/archderm.1962.01590010008002 Salter, 1970, Epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy in ulcerative colitis, Gut, 11, 585, 10.1136/gut.11.7.585 Berenbaum, 1967, Autoimmunity and immunosuppression, Proc Roy Soc Med, 60, 1162, 10.1177/003591576706011P143 Geffroy, 1970, Essai de traitement immunologique de la maladie de Crohn: note preliminaire, Arch Franc Mal Appar Dig, 59, 157 Cesnik, 1968, Thymectomy in ulcerative colitis: a preliminary report on a therapeutic trial in 7 patients, Langenbeck Arch Klin Chir, 321, 86, 10.1007/BF01439744 Cooke, 1968, Properties of strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of patients with ulcerative colitis, patients with acute diarrhoea and normal persons, J Path Bact, 95, 101, 10.1002/path.1700950112 Benacerraf, 1969, Cellular hypersensitivity, Ann Rev Med, 20, 141, 10.1146/annurev.me.20.020169.001041 Saba, 1970, Physiology and physiopathology of the reticuloendothelial system, Arch Intern Med (Chicago), 126, 1031, 10.1001/archinte.1970.00310120093014 Sommers, 1966, Mast cells and Paneth cells in ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, 51, 841, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34353-7 Erdos, 1966, Release and inactivation of kinins, Gastroenterology, 51, 893, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)34342-2 Fong, 1963, Ulcerative colitis with anti-erythrocyte antibodies, Vox Sang, 8, 668, 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1963.tb02374.x