Immune modulation for autoimmune disorders: evolution of therapeutics

Parkin, 2001, An overview of the immune system, Lancet, 357, 1777, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04904-7 Blumberg, 2009, The platelet as an immune cell. CD40 ligand and transfusion immunomodulation, Immunol Res, 45, 251, 10.1007/s12026-009-8106-9 Mantovani, 1997, Cytokine regulation of endothelial function: From molecular level to the bedside, Immunol Today, 18, 231, 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)81662-3 Loof, 2011, Coagulation, an ancestral serine protease cascade, exerts a novel function in early immune defense, Blood, 118, 2589, 10.1182/blood-2011-02-337568 Kawai, 2011, Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity, Immunity, 34, 637, 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.05.006 Palmer, 2003, Negative selection—clearing out the bad apples from the T-cell repertoire, Nat Rev Immunol, 3, 383, 10.1038/nri1085 Sakaguchi, 2004, Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses, Annu Rev Immunol, 22, 531, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141122 Takahashi, 2003, Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self-tolerance and autoimmune disease, Immunol Rev, 212, 8 Kuchroo, 2012, Dysregulation of immune homeostasis in autoimmune disease, Nat Med, 18, 42, 10.1038/nm.2621 Gregersen, 2006, Genetics of autoimmune diseases-disorders of immune homeostasis, Nat Rev Genet, 7, 917, 10.1038/nrg1944 Rioux, 2009, Mapping of multiple susceptibility variants within the MHC region for 7 immune-mediated diseases, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 18680, 10.1073/pnas.0909307106 Selmi, 2004, Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment, Gastroenterology, 127, 485, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.05.005 Kosiewicz, 2014, Relationship between gut microbiota and development of T cell associated disease, FEBS Let, 588, 4195, 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.019 Dissanayake, 2011, Nuclear factor-κB1 controls the functional maturation of dendritic cells and prevents the activation of autoreactive T cells, Nat Med, 17, 1663, 10.1038/nm.2556 Del Prete, 1998, The concept of type-1 and type-2 helper T cells and their cytokines in humans, Int Rev Immunol, 16, 427, 10.3109/08830189809043004 Sakaguchi, 2006, Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ natural regulatory cells in dominant self-tolerance and autoimmune disease, Immunol Rev, 212, 8, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00427.x Schwartz, 1959, Drug-induced immune tolerance, Nature, 183, 1682, 10.1038/1831682a0 Schwartz, 1960, The effect of 6-mercaptopurine on homograft reactions, J Clin Invest, 39, 952, 10.1172/JCI104116 Schwartz, 1962, Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine, Blood, 19, 483, 10.1182/blood.V19.4.483.483 Hench, 1949, The effect of a hormone of the adrenal cortex (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorterone compound E) and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone on rheumatoid arthritis, Mayo Clin Proc, 24, 181 Van der Goes, 2014, The value of glucocorticoid co-therapy in different rheumatic diseases-positive and adverse effects, Arth Res Ther, 16, 1, 10.1186/ar4686 Meijsing, 2009, DNA binding site sequence directs glucocorticoid receptor structure and activity, Science, 324, 407, 10.1126/science.1164265 Psarra, 2009, Glucocorticoid receptors and other nuclear transcription factors in mitochondria and possible functions, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1787, 431, 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.11.011 Sasse, 2013, The glucocorticoid receptor and KLF15 regulate gene expression dynamics and integrate signals through feed-forward circuitry, Mol Cell Biol, 33, 2104, 10.1128/MCB.01474-12 Ghiringhelli, 2007, Metronomic cyclophosphamide regimen selectively depletes CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and restores T and NK effector functions in end stage cancer patients, Cancer Immunol Immunother, 56, 641, 10.1007/s00262-006-0225-8 de Groot, 2009, Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 150, 670, 10.7326/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00004 Dierickx, 2015, The role of rituximab in adults with warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Blood, 125, 3223, 10.1182/blood-2015-01-588392 Patel, 2012, Outcomes 5 years after response to rituximab therapy in children and adults with immune thrombocytopenia, Blood, 119, 5989, 10.1182/blood-2011-11-393975 Franchini, 2008, Acquired factor VIII inhibitors, Blood, 112, 250, 10.1182/blood-2008-03-143586 Coca, 2012, Updates on B-cell immunotherapies for systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren׳s syndrome, Curr Opin Rheum, 24, 451, 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32835707e4 Cacoub, 2012, Cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, Am J Med, 128, 950, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.02.017 Stasi, 2007, Response to B-cell depleting therapy with rituximab reverts the abnormalities of T-cell subsets in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Blood, 110, 2924, 10.1182/blood-2007-02-068999 Stasi, 2008, Analysis of regulatory T-cell changes in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura receiving B cell-depleting therapy with rituximab, Blood, 112, 1147, 10.1182/blood-2007-12-129262 Liebman, 2013, Low-dose anti-CD20 veltuzumab given intravenously or subcutaneously is active in relapsed immune thrombocytopenia: a phase I study, Br J Haematol, 162, 693, 10.1111/bjh.12448 Daniels, 2014, Alemtuzumab-related thyroid dysfunction in a phase 2 trial of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 99, 80, 10.1210/jc.2013-2201 Weetman, 2014, Graves׳ disease following immune reconstitution or immunomodulatory treatment: should we manage it any differently?, Clin Endocrinol, 80, 629, 10.1111/cen.12427 Clatworthy, 2008, Antiglomerular basement membrane disease after alemtuzumab, N Engl J Med, 359, 768, 10.1056/NEJMc0800484 Cuker, 2011, A distinctive form of immune thrombocytopenia in a phase II study of alemtuzumab for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Blood, 118, 6299, 10.1182/blood-2011-08-371138 Gesundheit, 2001, Cyclosporin A in the treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia purpura in children, Eur J Haematol, 66, 347, 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2001.066005347.x Kappers-Klunne, 2001, Cyclosporin A for the treatment of patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to corticosteroids or splenectomy, Br J Haematol, 114, 121, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02893.x Choi, 2015, A novel triple therapy for ITP using high-dose dexamethasone, low-dose rituximab, and cyclosporine (TT4), Blood, 126, 500, 10.1182/blood-2015-03-631937 Shan, 2014, The effects of rapamycin on regulatory T cells: Its potential time-dependent role in inducing transplant tolerance, Immunol Lett, 182, 74, 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.006 Miano, 2014, Sirolimus for the treatment of multi-resistant autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in children, Br J Haematol, 167, 571, 10.1111/bjh.13010 Chatrath, 2014, Use of sirolimus in the treatment of refractory autoimmune hepatitis, Am J Med, 127, 1128, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.06.016 Canaud, 2014, Inhibition of the mTORC pathway in the antiphospholipid syndrome, N Engl J Med, 371, 303, 10.1056/NEJMoa1312890 Cines, 2009, The ITP syndrome: a diverse set of disorders with different immune mechanisms, Blood, 113, 6511, 10.1182/blood-2009-01-129155