Chẩn Đoán Bằng Hình Ảnh Các Khối U Gan Ở Bệnh Nhân Bệnh Gan Mạn Tính

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Real-time imaging with the sonographic contrast agent SonoVue: differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions. J Ultrasound Med. 2004;23:1557–68. Quaia E, Calliada F, Bertolotto M, et al. Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-specific US modes and a sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent: diagnostic performance and confidence. Radiology. 2004;232:420–30. Nicolau C, Bru C. Focal liver lesions: evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Abdom Imaging. 2004;29:348–59. Kim SJ, Lee JM, Han JK, et al. Peripheral mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:1428–34. Chen LD, Xu HX, Xie XY, et al. Enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: comparison between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT. Br J Radiol. 2008;81:881–9. Rimola J, Forner A, Reig M, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis: absence of contrast washout in delayed phases by magnetic resonance imaging avoids misdiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2009;50:791–8. Kim SA, Lee JM, Lee KB, et al. Intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinomas: enhancement patterns at multiphasic CT, with special emphasis on arterial enhancement pattern–correlation with clinicopathologic findings. Radiology. 2011;260:148–57. Bohle W, Clemens PU, Heubach T, Zoller WG. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for differentiating between hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Ultraschall Med. 2012;33:E191–5. • Li R, Zhang X, Ma KS, et al. Dynamic enhancing vascular pattern of intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound: the influence of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Abdom Imaging 2013;38:112–9. First study that compared the CEUS appearance of ICC on cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic livers. • Dietrich CF, Averkiou MA, Correas JM, et al. An EFSUMB introduction into Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-US) for quantification of tumour perfusion. Ultraschall Med 2012;33:344–51. The article reviews the recommendation and methodology for quantification of ultrasound images, technical aspects and result interpretation. Quaia E, Palumbo A, Rossi S, et al. Comparison of visual and quantitative analysis for characterization of insonated liver tumors after microbubble contrast injection. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186:1560–70. Pei XQ, Liu LZ, Liu M, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between quantitative parameters and histological grading. Br J Radiol. 2012;85:e740–7. D’Onofrio M, Vecchiato F, Cantisani V, et al. Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (IPCC): comparison between perfusion ultrasound and CT imaging. Radiol Med. 2008;113:76–86. Soyer P, Bluemke DA, Sibert A, Laissy JP. MR imaging of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Imaging. 1995;20:126–30. Chung YE, Kim MJ, Park YN, et al. Varying appearances of cholangiocarcinoma: radiologic–pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2009;29:683–700. • Kim SH, Lee CH, Kim BH, et al. Typical and atypical imaging findings of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2012;36:704–9. The study correlates the MRI appearance of ICCs according to histopathology and highlights the concept of the “cloud” sign in the hepatobiliary phase, which seems to be characteristic of ICC. • Xu J, Igarashi S, Sasaki M, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas in cirrhosis are hypervascular in comparison with those in normal livers. Liver Int 2012;32:1156–64. One of the first studies describing the hypervascular appearance of ICC on cirrhosis versus noncirrhotic livers and correlating it to the histopathology of the different tumors. Seymour K, Charnley RM. 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