Identifying the intermittent flow sub-regimes using pressure drop time series fluctuations
Tóm tắt
From a literature survey, a deficiency has been noticed in objective methods to identify and distinct between the intermittent flow sub-regimes. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze pressure drop fluctuations using statistical methods in order to propose simple tools to characterize the sub-regimes of the intermittent flow. The pressure drop time series were collected from experiments carried out using air–water mixture and 30 mm inner diameter pipe. The utilization of transparent pipes allowed to identify three sub-regimes which are plug flow, less aerated slug flow (LAS flow), and highly aerated slug flow (HAS flow). It was found that the probability density functions (PDF) displayed a unimodal distribution in all cases studied. Meanwhile, the representation of the base width and maximum values of PDF as functions of the gas-to-liquid superficial velocity ratio and the mixture Froude number, respectively, showed that the points for each sub-regime are clustered in the same zone. Therefore, these two feature spaces can be used to identify the sub-regimes. A third feature space, based on the statistical parameter standard deviation and kurtosis, was also proposed as a tool to distinguish between the three sub-regimes.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abdulkadir, M., Hernandez-Perez, V., Kwatia, C. A., Azzopardi, B. J. 2018. Interrogating flow development and phase distribution in vertical and horizontal pipes using advanced instrumentation. Chemical Engineering Science, 186: 152–167.
Abdulkadir, M., Jatto, D. G., Abdulkareem, L. A., Zhao, D. 2020a. Pressure drop, void fraction and flow pattern of vertical air-silicone oil flows using differential pressure transducer and advanced instrumentation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 159: 262–277.
Abdulkadir, M., Zhao, D., Abdulkareem, L. A., Asikolaye, N. O., Hernandez-Perez, V. 2020b. Insights into the transition from plug to slug flow in a horizontal pipe: An experimental study. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 163: 85–95.
Abdul-Majeed, G. H., Al-Dunainawi, Y., Soto-Cortes, G., Al-Sudani, J. A. 2021a. Neural network model to predict slug frequency of low-viscosity two-phase flow. SPE Journal, 26: 1290–1301.
Abdul-Majeed, G. H., Arabi, A., Soto-Cortes, G. 2021b. Empirical correlations for prediction slug liquid holdup on slug-pseudo-slug and slug-churn transitions in vertical and inclined two-phase flow. SPE Production & Operation, 36: 721–733.
Adouni, H., Chouari, Y., Bournot, H., Kriaa, W., Mhiri, H. 2022. A novel ventilation method to prevent obstruction phenomenon within sewer networks. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 184: 122335.
Amani, P., Hurter, S., Rudolph, V., Firouzi, M. 2020. Comparison of flow dynamics of air-water flows with foam flows in vertical pipes. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 119: 110216.
Arabi, A. 2019. Contribution à l’étude du comportement d’un écoulement diphasique dans une conduite en présence d’une singularité. Doctoral Dissertation. Algiers, Algeria: University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene. (in French)
Arabi, A., Azzi, A., Kadi, R., Al-Sarkhi, A., Hewakandamby, B. 2021a. Empirical modelization of intermittent gas/liquid flow hydrodynamic parameters: The importance of distinguishing between plug and slug flows. SPE Production & Operations, 36: 703–720.
Arabi, A., Saidj, F., Al-Sarkhi, A., Azzi, A. 2022. Analogy between vertical upward cap bubble and horizontal plug flow. SPE Journal, 27: 1577–1596.
Arabi, A., Salhi, Y., Bouderbal, A., Zenati, Y., Si-Ahmed, E. K., Legrand, J. 2021b. Onset of intermittent flow: Visualization of flow structures. Oil & Gas Science and Technology–Revue IFP Energies Nouvelles, 76: 27.
Arabi, A., Salhi, Y., Si-Ahmed, E. K., Legrand, J. 2018. Influence of a sudden expansion on slug flow characteristics in a horizontal two-phase flow: A pressure drop fluctuations analysis. Meccanica, 53: 3321–3338.
Arabi, A., Salhi, Y., Zenati, Y., Si-Ahmed, E. K., Legrand, J. 2020. On gas-liquid intermittent flow in a horizontal pipe: Influence of sub-regime on slug frequency. Chemical Engineering Science, 211: 115251.
Arabi, A., Salhi, Y., Zenati, Y., Si-Ahmed, E. K., Legrand, J. 2021c. A discussion on the relation between the intermittent flow sub-regimes and the frictional pressure drop. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 181: 121895.
Arabi, A., Salhi, Y., Zenati, Y., Si-Ahmed, E. K., Legrand, J. 2021d. Experimental investigation of sudden expansion’s influence on the hydrodynamic behavior of different sub-regimes of intermittent flow. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 205: 108834.
Arellano, Y., Hunt, A., Haas, O., Ma, L. 2020. On the life and habits of gas-core slugs: Characterisation of an intermittent horizontal two-phase flow. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 82: 103475.
Bertola, V. 2003. Experimental characterization of gas-liquid intermittent subregimes by phase density function measurements. Experiments in Fluids, 34: 122–129.
Bouyahiaoui, H., Azzi, A., Zeghloul, A., Hasan, A. H., Al-Sarkhi, A., Parsi, M. 2020. Vertical upward and downward churn flow: Similarities and differences. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 73: 103080.
Costigan, G., Whalley, P. B. 1997. Slug flow regime identification from dynamic void fraction measurements in vertical air-water flows. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 23: 263–282.
Deendarlianto, Rahmandhika, A., Widyatama, A., Dinaryanto, O., Widyaparaga, A., Indarto. 2019. Experimental study on the hydrodynamic behavior of gas-liquid air–water two-phase flow near the transition to slug flow in horizontal pipes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 130: 187–203.
Dinaryanto, O., Widyatama, A., Prestinawati, M., Indarto, Deendarlianto. 2018. The characteristics of the sub regime of slug flow in 16 mm horizontal pipe. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2001: 030008.
Drahoš, J., Čermák, J. 1989. Diagnostics of gas–liquid flow patterns in chemical engineering systems. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 26: 147–164.
Drahoš, J., Čermák, J., Selucký, K., Ebner, L. 1987. Characterization of hydrodynamic regimes in horizontal two-phase flow Part II: Analysis of wall pressure fluctuations. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 22: 45–52.
Duan, J., Liu, H., Tao, J., Shen, T. A., Hua, W., Guan, J. 2022. Experimental study on gas-liquid interface evolution during liquid displaced by gas of mobile pipeline. Energies, 15: 2489.
Fan, Y., Soedarmo, A., Pereyra, E., Sarica, C. 2022. A comprehensive review of pseudo-slug flow. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 217: 110879.
Fossa, M. 2001. Gas-liquid distribution in the developing region of horizontal intermittent flows. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 123: 71–80.
Guo, W., Wang, L., Liu, C. 2020. Thermal diffusion response to gas-liquid slug flow and its application in measurement. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 159: 120065.
Hanafizadeh, P., Eshraghi, J., Taklifi, A., Ghanbarzadeh, S. 2016. Experimental identification of flow regimes in gas–liquid two phase flow in a vertical pipe. Meccanica, 51: 1771–1782.
Humami, F., Dinaryanto, O., Hudaya, A. Z., Widyatama, A., Indarto, Deendarlianto. 2018. Experimental study on the characteristics of flow pattern transitions of air–water two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2001: 030005.
Kaji, R., Azzopardi, B. J., Lucas, D. 2009. Investigation of flow development of co-current gas–liquid vertical slug flow. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 35: 335–348.
Kim, H. G., Kim, S. M. 2022. Experimental investigation of flow and pressure drop characteristics of air-oil slug flow in a horizontal tube. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 183: 122063.
Kiran, R., Ahmed, R., Salehi, S. 2020. Experiments and CFD modelling for two phase flow in a vertical annulus. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 153: 201–211.
Kong, R., Rau, A., Kim, S., Bajorek, S., Tien, K., Hoxie, C. 2018. Experimental study of horizontal air-water plug-to-slug transition flow in different pipe sizes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 123: 1005–1020.
Lin, P. Y., Hanratty, T. J. 1987a. Detection of slug flow from pressure measurements. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 13: 13–21.
Lin, P. Y., Hanratty, T. J. 1987b. Effect of pipe diameter on flow patterns for air-water flow in horizontal pipes. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 13: 549–563.
Liu, A., Cheng, L., Yan, C., Gu, H., Meng, Z. 2022. Experimental study on length, liquid film thickness and pressure drop of slug flow in horizontal narrow rectangular channel. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 182: 502–516.
Luo, X. M., He, L. M., Lu, Y. L. 2010. Fluctuation characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in horizontal pipeline. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1207: 162–171.
Ma, L., He, L., Luo, X., Mi, X., Xu, Y., Li, Q. 2020. Experimental investigation of gas-liquid two-phase splitting in parallel pipelines with risers. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 161: 159–167.
Mohmmed, A. O., Al-Kayiem, H. H., Osman, A. B. 2021. Investigations on the slug two-phase flow in horizontal pipes: Past, presents, and future directives. Chemical Engineering Science, 238: 116611.
Parsi, M., Azzopardi, B. J., Al-Sarkhi, A., Kesana, N. R., Vieira, R. E., Torres, C. F., McLaury, B. S., Shirazi, S. A., Schleicher, E., Hampel, U. 2017. Do huge waves exist in horizontal gas-liquid pipe flow? International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 96: 1–23.
Raeiszadeh, F., Hajidavalloo, E., Behbahaninejad, M., Hanafizadeh, P. 2018. Modeling and simulation of downward vertical two-phase flow with pipe rotation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 137: 10–19.
Saini, S., Banerjee, J. 2021. Recurrence analysis of pressure signals for identification of intermittent flow sub-regimes. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 204: 108758.
Saini, S., Thaker, J., Banerjee, J. 2022. Analysis of interfacial dynamics in stratified and wavy-stratified flow using Laser Doppler Velocimetry. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 4: 142–155.
Sassi, P., Fernández, G., Stiriba, Y., Pallarès, J. 2022. Effect of solid particles on the slug frequency, bubble velocity and bubble length of intermittent gas-liquid two-phase flows in horizontal pipelines. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 149: 103985.
Sassi, P., Pallarès, J., Stiriba, Y. 2020. Visualization and measurement of two-phase flows in horizontal pipelines. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 2: 41–51.
Thaker, J., Banerjee, J. 2015. Characterization of two-phase slug flow sub-regimes using flow visualization. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 135: 561–576.
Thaker, J., Banerjee, J. 2016. Influence of intermittent flow sub-patterns on erosion-corrosion in horizontal pipe. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 145: 298–320.
Thaker, J., Saini, S., Banerjee, J. 2021. On instantaneous pressure surges and time averaged pressure drop in intermittent regime of two-phase flow. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 205: 108971.
Wambsganss, M. W., Jendrzejczyk, J. A., France, D. M. 1994. Determination and characteristics of the transition to two-phase slug flow in small horizontal channels. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 116: 140–146.
Wang, S. Q., Xu, K. W., Kim, H. B. 2020. Slug flow identification using ultrasound Doppler velocimetry. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 148: 119004.
Wang, S., Shoji, M. 2002. Fluctuation characteristics of two-phase flow splitting at a vertical impacting T-junction. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 28: 2007–2016.
Wang, W., Liang, X., Zhang, M., Sefiane, K. 2019. A new method for voidage correlation of gas-liquid mixture based on differential pressure fluctuation. Chemical Engineering Science, 193: 15–26.
Wang, X., Li, H., Dong, J., Wu, J., Tu, J. Y. 2021. Numerical study on mixing flow behavior in gas-liquid ejector. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 3: 108–112.
Weisman, J., Duncan, D., Gibson, J., Crawford, T. 1979. Effects of fluid properties and pipe diameter on two-phase flow patterns in horizontal lines. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 5: 437–462.
Wijayanta, S., Catrawedarma, I. G. N. B., Hudaya, A. Z. 2022. Statistical characterization of the interfacial behavior of the sub-regimes in gas-liquid stratified two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 83: 102107.
Wu, K., Galli, F., de Tommaso, J., Patience, G. S., van Ommen, J. R. 2023. Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Pressure. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 101: 41–58.
Xu, K. W., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Azman, A. N., Kim, H. B. 2020. Slug flow development study in a horizontal pipe using particle image velocimetry. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 162: 120267.
Ye, J., Guo, L. 2013. Multiphase flow pattern recognition in pipeline–riser system by statistical feature clustering of pressure fluctuations. Chemical Engineering Science, 102: 486–501.
Zeghloul, A., Azzi, A., Hasan, A., Azzopardi, B. J. 2018. Behavior and pressure drop of an upwardly two-phase flow through multi-hole orifices. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 232: 3281–3299.