Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Xác định Động Lực của Phụ Nữ Triathlete Đen Trung Niên Sử Dụng Phương Pháp Biến Đổi Khảo Sát Để Hướng Dẫn Nghiên Cứu Định Tính
Tóm tắt
Chứng minh sự chênh lệch sức khỏe liên quan đến chủng tộc, độ tuổi và giới tính, phụ nữ da đen lớn tuổi (BW) là nhóm dân số ít vận động nhất tại Hoa Kỳ. Tăng cường hoạt động thể chất (PA) trong suốt cuộc đời giữa rất quan trọng, vì nó cải thiện sức khỏe khi phụ nữ da đen bước vào những năm cuối đời. Nâng cao hiểu biết của chúng ta về động lực tập luyện của các phụ nữ triathlete da đen mở ra cơ hội "kỹ thuật ngược" để xác định những động lực có thể ảnh hưởng đến phụ nữ da đen ít vận động trong độ tuổi trung niên nhằm tăng cường hoạt động của họ. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là: (a) áp dụng một phương pháp biến đổi khảo sát đổi mới để thích ứng một thang đo phát triển chủ yếu trên nam giới người Caucasian, cụ thể là Thang Đo Động Lực của Vận Động Viên Marathon cho Các Vận Động Viên Triathlon (MOMS-T) thành một hướng dẫn phỏng vấn định tính cho phụ nữ triathlete da đen; (b) sử dụng hướng dẫn phỏng vấn này để xác định các động lực dựa trên văn hóa cho việc tham gia triathlon trong số phụ nữ da đen chưa được MOMS-T đề cập; và (c) giải thích các lĩnh vực động lực mới lạ của MOMS-T được phát hiện nhằm tăng cường hiểu biết và ảnh hưởng đến các can thiệp sau này. Phương pháp lấy mẫu có mục đích được sử dụng để chọn ra 12 đối tượng phỏng vấn từ 121 cư dân phụ nữ da đen tự nhận tuổi ≥36 với kinh nghiệm gần đây về hoàn thành hoặc tập luyện cho một cuộc thi triathlon. Các cuộc phỏng vấn xác định bốn chủ đề dựa trên văn hóa, bao gồm cải thiện thành phần cơ thể để trở nên “gầy hơn”, sức hấp dẫn thể chất, gia đình triathlete và tình bạn. Những chủ đề mới này liên quan đến các thang đo hiện có của MOMS-T, nhưng các câu hỏi MOMS-T hiện tại không làm rõ được các khía cạnh văn hóa riêng biệt của chúng. Quy trình biến đổi khảo sát cung cấp một cách tiếp cận khả thi để xác định các đặc điểm văn hóa quan trọng và thích ứng các khảo sát cho các cộng đồng thiểu số văn hóa, đặc biệt khi tài nguyên nghiên cứu hạn chế.
Từ khóa
#phụ nữ da đen #triathlon #động lực thể dục #nghiên cứu định tính #biến đổi khảo sátTài liệu tham khảo
Almagro, B. J., Sáenz-López, P., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., & Spray, C. (2015). Motivational factors in young Spanish athletes: A qualitative focus drawing from self-determination theory and achievement goal perspectives. Sport Psychologist, 29(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0045.
Ard, J. D., Zunker, C., Qu, H., Cox, T., Wingo, B., Jefferson, W., & Shewchuk, R. (2013). Cultural perceptions of weight in African American and Caucasian women. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.37.1.1.
Baker, J., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2006). Patterns of early involvement in expert and non-expert masters triathletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(3), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.10599375.
Banks-Wallace, J., & Conn, V. (2002). Interventions to promote physical activity among African American women. Public Health Nursing, 19(5), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1446.2002.19502.x.
Barnes, A., Goodrick, G., Pavlik, V., Markesino, J., Laws, D., & Taylor, W. C. (2007). Weight loss maintenance in African–American women: Focus group results and questionnaire development. Society of General Internal Medicine, 22, 915–922. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11606-007-0195-3.
Bolster, M. (1999). Gotta try it. Prevention, 51(10), 77 ISSN: 00328006.
Booth, M., Okely, A., Chey, T., & Bauman, A. (2001). The reliability and validity of the physical activity questions in the WHO health behaviour in schoolchildren (HSBC) survey: A population study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(4), 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.4.263.
Boyd, M. P., Weinmann, C., & Yin, Z. (2002). The relationship of physical self-perceptions and goal orientations to intrinsic motivation for exercise. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(1), 1–18.
Bradshaw, J., & Klein, W. (2007). Health promotion. In J. Blackburn & C. Dulmus (Eds.), Handbook of gerontology: Evidence-based approaches to theory, practice and policy (pp. 171–200). New Jersey: Wiley.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
Brown, C. (2016). The Motives for Triathlon Participation from an Aging Black Woman. Gerontology and Geriatrics: Research, 2(2), 1009. Retrieved from http://austinpublishinggroup.com/gerontology/fulltext/ggr-v2-id1009.php. Accessed 12 October 2016.
Brown, C. S., & Collins, S. (2009). African American triathletes: An exercise regimen for the aging women. Poster session presented at the Gerontological Society of America Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done? Qualitative Research, 6(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794106058877.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and President's Council on Phyiscal Fitness and Sports. (2000). Healthy people 2010: Physical activity and fitness. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/HTML/Volume2/22Physical.htm#Toc490380796. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Creswell, J and Plano-Clark, V. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
Crockett, L. J. (2002). Agency in the life course: Concepts and processes. In L. J. Crockett (Ed.), Agency, motivation and the life course. Volume 48 of the Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 1–30). University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln.
Croft, S. J., Gray, C. C., & Duncan, J. F. (2007). Motives for participating in triathlon: An investigation between elite and non-elite competitors in an Australian setting. Retrieved from http://reocities.com/CollegePark/5686/su99p12.htm. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well- being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14–23 Retrieved from https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2008_DeciRyan_CanPsy_Eng.pdf. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Dietrich, F. (2012). Motivation and coping in the sport of triathlons. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3539545).
Dilworth-Anderson, P. (2001). Extended kin networks in black families. In A. Walker Families in later life: Connections and transitions (pp. 104–106). Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press.
Doppelmayr, M., & Molkenthin, A. (2004). Motivation of participants in adventure ultramarathons compared to other foot races. Biology of Sport, 21(4), 319–323 Retrieved from biolsport.com/fulltxt.php?ICID=891736. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Fiery, M. F., Martz, D. M., Webb, R. M., & Curtin, L. (2016). A preliminary investigation of racial differences in body talk in age-diverse U.S. adults. Eating Behaviors, 21, 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.004
Frels, R., & Onwuegbuzie, A. (2013). Administering quantitative instruments with qualitative interviews: A mixed research approach. Journal of Counseling and Development, 91, 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00085.x.
Galli, N. A. (2009). Stress related growth in Division I athletes: A Mixed method investigation (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI 3370975).
Gallmann, D., Knechtle, B., Rust, C. A., Rosemann, T., & Lepers, L. (2014). Elite triathletes in ‘ironman Hawaii’ get older but faster. Age, 36(1), 407–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9534-y.
Gravlee, C. (2011). Research design and methods in medical anthropology. In M. Singer & P. Erickson (Eds.), A companion to medical anthropology (pp. 69–91). New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing Ltd..
Greer, L. D. (2001). Sporting identities: The Trialectic of the triathlon. Paper presented at the TASA conference, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Hasson, R. E., Brown, D. R., Dorn, J., Barkley, L., Torgan, C., Whitt-Glover, M., Ainsworth, B., & Keith, N. (2017). Achieving equity in physical activity participation: ACSM experience and next steps. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49(4), 848–858. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001161.
Hawkins, S. A., Wiswell, R. A., & Marcell, T. J. (2003). Exercise and the master athlete—A model of successful aging? Journals of gerontology series a: Biological sciences & medical Sciences, 58A(11), 1009–1011. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.11.M1009.
Huebschmann, A. G., Campbell, L. J., Brown, C. S., and Dunn, A. L. (2016). "My hair or my health:" Overcoming barriers to physical activity African Aerican women with a focus on hairstyle-related factors. Women & Health 56(4), 428–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2015.11017430.
Ingram, D., Wilbur, J. McDevitt, J., & Buchholz, S. (2011). Women's walking program for African American women: Expectations and recommendations from participants as experts. Women &Health, 51(6), 566–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2011.606357.
Kirchoff, A., Elliott, L., Schlichting, J., & Chin, M. (2008). Strategies for physical activity maintenance in African American women. American Journal of Health Behavior, 32(5), 517–524. https://doi.org/10.5555/ajhb.2008.32.5.517.
Lamont, M., & Kennelly, M. (2012). A qualitative exploration of participant motives among committed amateur triathletes. Leisure Sciences, 34(3), 236–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2012.669685.
Landry, J. B., & Solmon, M. A. (2004). African American women's self-determination across the stages of change for exercise. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26(3), 457–469 http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.duke.edu/10.1123/jsep.26.3.457.
Lantz, P. M., Golberstein, E., House, J. S., & Morenoff, J. (2010). Socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors for mortality in a national 19-year prospective study of U.S. adults. Social Science & Medicine, 70(10), 1558–1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.003.
Lee, D. C., Pate, R. R., Lavie, C. J., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2014). Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 64(5), 472–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058.
Levine, M. E., & Crimmins, E. M. (2014). Evidence of accelerated aging among African Americans and its implications for mortality. Social Science & Medicine, 118, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.022.
Liang, J., Bennett, J., Akiyama, H., & Maeda, D. (1992). The structure of PGC morale scale in American and Japanese aged: A further note. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 7(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116576.
Loudon, J. K. (2016). The master female triathlete. Physical Therapy in Sport, 22, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.07.010.
Lovett, D. (2011). An examination of the motives to participate in sprint distance triathlon. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3460966).
Lübcke, A., Martin, C., & Hellström, K. (2012). Older adults' perceptions of exercising in a senior gym. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 36(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2012.673157.
Mallett, C., Kawabata, M., Newcombe, P., Otero-Forero, A., & Jackson, S. (2007). Sport motivation scale-6 (SMS-6): A revised six-factor sport motivation scale. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 600–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.12.005.
Martinez, S. M., Ainsworth, B. E., & Elder, J. P. (2008). A review of physical activity measures used among US Latinos: Guidelines for developing culturally appropriate measures. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9063-6.
Masters, K. S., Ogles, B. M., and Jolton, J. A. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS). Research Quarterly in Exercise and Sport, 64, 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1993.10608790.
Masters, R. K., Hummer, R. A., Powers, D. A., Beck, A., Lin, S., & Finch, B. K. (2014). Long- term trends in adult mortality for U.S. blacks and whites: An examination of period- and cohort-based changes. Demography, 51(6), 2047–2073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0343-4.
Moore, S. C., Patel, A. V., Matthews, C. E., Berrington de Gonzalez, A., Park, Y., Katki, H. A., et al. (2012). Leisure time physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity and mortality: A large pooled cohort analysis. PLoS Medicine, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335.
Mosole, S., Carraro, U., Kern, H., Loefler, S., Fruhmann, H., Vogelauer, M., et al. (2014). Long-term high level exercise promotes muscle reinnervation with age. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 73(4), 284–294. https://doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0000000000000032.
Nies, M., Vollman, M., & Cook, T. (1999). African American women's experiences with physical activity in their daily lives. Public Health Nursing, 16(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1446.1999.00023.x.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2014). Disparities overview by race and population. Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data/disparities/summary/Chart/4981/3. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Pelletier, L., Fortier, M., Vallerand, R., Tuson, K., Briere, N., & Blais, M. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The sports motivation scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.1.35.
Pelletier, L., Rocchi, M., Vallerand, R., Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2013). Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 329341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.12.002.
Pereira, C., Vogelaere, P., & Baptista, F. (2008). Role of physical activity in the prevention of falls and their consequences in the elderly. European Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 5(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-008-0031-8.
Perkinson, M., Albert, A. M., Luborsky, M., Moss, M., & Glicksman, A. (1994). Exploring the validity of the affect balance scale with a sample of family caregivers. Journal of Gerotology: Social Sciences, 49(5), S264–S275. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.5.S264.
Plescia, M., Herrick, H., & Chavis, L. (2008). Improving health behaviors in an African American community: The Charlotte racial and ethnic approaches to community health project. American Journal of Public Health, 98(9), 1678–1684. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.125062.
Polit, D.F., and Beck, C.T. (2008). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Russell, W. D., & Cox, R. H. (2003). Social physique anxiety, body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in college females of differing exercise frequency, perceived weight discrepancy, and race. Journal of Sport Behavior, 26(3), 298 Retrieved from http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/Social-physique-anxiety-bodydissatisfaction/106941801.html. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Schuler, P., Vince, D., Isosarri, R., Philipp, S., Todorovich, J., Roy, J., & Evans, R. (2008). Body-shape perceptions and body mass index of older African American and European American women. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 23, 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-008-9061-y.
Tanaka, H., & Seals, S. R. (2008). Endurance exercise performance in masters athletes: Age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms. The Journal of Physiology, 586(Pt 1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879.
Taylor, D. (2014). Physical activity is medicine for older adults. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 90, 26–32. Retrieved from pmj.bmj.com/content/90/1059/26. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Thomas, A., Moseley, G., Stallings, R., Nicholas-English, G., & Wagner, P. (2008). Perceptions of obesity: Black & white differences. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 15(4), 174–180 Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19202719. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Towns, T. (2016). The contribution of social behavior to diabetes and obesity: Do health behaviors matter in the African-American community? Sociology Compass, 10(5), 364–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12363.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). 2008 Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/chapter4.aspx. Accessed 26 April 2016.
USA Triathlon (2016). 2015 USA Triathlon Membership Report. Retrieved from https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Triathlon/About/Multisport/Demographics. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Wegner, C. E., Jordan, J. S., Funk, D. C., & Soule-Clark, B. (2016). Black girls run: Facilitating a connection for black women to the "white" sport of running. Journal of Sport Management, 30, 382–395. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2015-0242.
Weller, S. (2007). Cultural consensus theory: Applications and frequently asked questions. Field Methods, 19(4), 339–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X07303502.
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2001). Racial residential segregation: A fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Reports, 116(5), 404–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50068-7.
Williams, D. R., & Purdie-Vaughns, V. (2016). Needed interventions to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in health. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 41(4), 627–651. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-3620857.
World Health Organization (2012). Obesity and overweight fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html. Accessed 26 April 2016.
Young, D., Gittelsohn, J., Charleston, J., Felix-Aaron, K., & Appel, L. J. (2001). Motivations for exercise and weight loss among African-American women: Focus group results and their contributions towards program development. Ethnicity & Health, 6(3/4), 227–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557850120078143.
Yuen, H. K., Holthaus, K., Kamen, D. L., Sword, D. O., & Breland, H. L. (2011). USsing Wii Fit to reduce fatigue among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A Pilot study. Lupus, 20(12), 1293–1299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203311412098.