Xác định và chuyển giao gen kháng bệnh phấn trắng mới tại locus Pm4 trong lúa mì thông thường

Molecular Breeding - Tập 37 - Trang 1-9 - 2017
Na Li1, Haiyan Jia1, Zhongxin Kong1, Wenbin Tang1, Yunxiao Ding1, Junchao Liang1, Hongqi Ma1, Zhengqiang Ma1,2
1The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
2College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Tóm tắt

Bệnh phấn trắng, một căn bệnh lá trên lúa mì (Triticum aestivum L.) do Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici gây ra, là một thách thức thường trực đối với sản xuất lúa mì ở các khu vực có khí hậu lạnh hoặc hàng hải. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định và chuyển giao gen kháng bệnh trong dòng lúa mì thông thường D29 được xác định mới. Phân tích di truyền của quần thể F2 có nguồn gốc từ sự giao phối giữa D29 và giống lúa mì chọn lọc nhạy cảm Y158 cho thấy có một gen trội đơn lẻ chịu trách nhiệm kháng bệnh phấn trắng trong dòng giống này. Gen này được định vị trên nhiễm sắc thể 2AL trong một vùng được bao bọc bởi các chỉ thị vi vệ tinh Xgdm93 và Xhbg327, đồng phân lập với các chỉ thị vị trí nhãn (STS) Xsts_bcd1231 và TaAetPR5. Một bài kiểm tra alen cho thấy gen D29 là alen với locus Pm4. Để đánh giá thêm về khả năng kháng mà gen này cung cấp và phát triển các dòng giống mới cho công tác gây giống, gen này, cũng như Pm4a và Pm4b, đã được chuyển giao cho Y158 thông qua giao phối ngược và chọn lọc dựa trên chỉ thị. Trong phân tích phổ kháng, gen D29 thể hiện một phổ kháng có thể phân biệt với các alen Pm4 khác, bao gồm Pm4a, Pm4b và Pm4c, và do đó được đặt tên là Pm4e. Việc xác định biến thể alen mới tại locus Pm4 rất quan trọng cho việc hiểu biết sự tiến hóa của gen kháng và cho việc gây giống các giống lúa mì có khả năng kháng bệnh phấn trắng.

Từ khóa

#bệnh phấn trắng #gen kháng #lúa mì #locus Pm4 #chuyển giao gen

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