IQ, cultural values, and the technological achievement of nations

Intelligence - Tập 36 - Trang 711-718 - 2008
Garry A. Gelade1
1CASS Business School, United Kingdom

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acs, 1989, Patents as a measure of innovative activity, Kyklos, 42, 171, 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb00186.x Aiken, 1991 Allik, 2004, Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 13, 10.1177/0022022103260382 Archibugi, 1992, Specialization and size of technological activities in industrial countries: The analysis of patent data, Research Policy, 21, 79, 10.1016/0048-7333(92)90028-3 Archibugi, 1996, Measuring technological change through patents and innovation surveys, Technovation, 16, 451, 10.1016/0166-4972(96)00031-4 Barber, 2005, Educational and ecological correlates of IQ: A cross-national investigation, Intelligence, 33, 273, 10.1016/j.intell.2005.01.001 Bound, 1984, Who does R&D and who patents? Central Intelligence Agency, 2004 Dickerson, 2006, Exponential correlation of IQ and the wealth of nations, Intelligence, 34, 291, 10.1016/j.intell.2005.09.006 Drucker, 1993 Evenson, 1993, Patents, R&D, and Invention potential: International evidence, The American Economic Review, 83, 463 Flynn, 1984, The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978, Psychological Bulletin, 95, 29, 10.1037/0033-2909.95.1.29 Flynn, 1987, Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure, Psychological Bulletin, 101, 171, 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171 Griliches, 1990, Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey, Journal of Economic Literature, 28, 1661 Grupp, 1992, Perception of scientification of innovation as measured by referencing between patents and papers. Dynamics in science-based fields of technology, 73 Hall, 1986, Patents and R and D: Is there a lag?, International Economic Review, 27, 265, 10.2307/2526504 Hart, 2007 Hofstede, 2001 Hofstede, 2004, Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture, Cross-Cultural Research, 38, 52, 10.1177/1069397103259443 Israel Social Sciences Data Centre, 2005 Kluckhohn, 1951, The study of culture, 86 Kluckhohn, 1951, Values and value orientations in the theory of action Laland, 2000, Niche construction, biological evolution, and cultural change, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 131, 10.1017/S0140525X00002417 Lynn, 2007, National differences in intelligence and educational attainment, Intelligence, 35, 115, 10.1016/j.intell.2006.06.001 Lynn, 2002 Lynn, 2006 Lynn, 2007, National IQs predict differences in scholastic achievement in 67 countries, Journal of Biosocial Science, 10.1017/S0021932007001964 Muthén, 1998 OECD, 1994 Pakes, 1984, Patents and R&D at the firm level: A first look Rindermann, 2007, The g-factor of international cognitive ability comparisons: The homogeneity of results in PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS and IQ-tests across nations, European Journal of Personality, 21, 667, 10.1002/per.634 Rindermann, 2007, Author’s response. The big G-factor of national cognitive ability, European Journal of Personality, 21, 767, 10.1002/per.658 Rosenberg, 1992 Scherer, 1965, Firm size, market structure, opportunity, and the output of patented inventions, The American Economic Review, 55, 1097 Scherer, 1983, The propensity to patent, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 1, 107, 10.1016/0167-7187(83)90026-7 Schmidt, 1996, Measurement error in psychological research: Lessons from 26 research scenarios, Psychological Methods, 2, 199, 10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.199 Schmitt, 2007, The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38, 173, 10.1177/0022022106297299 Schmookler, 1966 Schwartz, 1994, Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values, 85 Schwartz, 1999, A theory of cultural values and some implications for work, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 23, 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00047.x Shapiro, 1970 Tukey, 1977 UN Statistics Division (n.d.). Per Capita GDP at current prices in US Dollars (all countries). [Data file]. Available from UN Statistics Division Web site, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp. Retrieved 6th Jan, 2007. USPTO Patent Technology Monitoring Team (2006). Patents by country, state, and year — Utility patents (December 2006). [Data file]. US Patent and Trademark Office Web site, http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/cst_utl.htm. Retrieved 10th October, 2007. Weede, 2002, The impact of intelligence and institutional improvements on economic growth, Kyklos, 55, 361, 10.1111/1467-6435.00191 Whetzel, 2006, Prediction of national wealth, Intelligence, 34, 449, 10.1016/j.intell.2006.02.003 WIPO. (n.d.). Patents Granted by Origin (1985–2005). [Data file]. Available from Web site of the World Intellectual Property Organization, http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/patents/. Retrieved 6th September 2007.