INTRAGROUP CONFLICT IN ORGANIZATIONS: A CONTINGENCY PERSPECTIVE ON THE CONFLICT-OUTCOME RELATIONSHIP
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Allport, G. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt.
Allred, 1997, The influence of anger and compassion on negotiation performance, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70, 175, 10.1006/obhd.1997.2705
Amabile, 1983, The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 357, 10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357
Amabile, T. (1988). From individual creativity to organizational innovation. In: K. Gronhaug, G. Kaufmann et al. (Eds), Innovation: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective (pp. 139–166). Oslo, Norway: Norwegian University Press.
Amabile, 1996, Assessing the work environment for creativity, Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1154, 10.2307/256995
Amason, 1996, Distinguishing effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams, Academy of Management Journal, 39, 123, 10.2307/256633
Amason, 1994, Resolving the paradox of conflict, strategic decision making, and organizational performance, International Journal of Conflict Management, 5, 239, 10.1108/eb022745
Ancona, 2001, Time: A new research lens, Academy of Management Review, 26, 645, 10.5465/amr.2001.5393903
Anderson, 1992, The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels, Journal of Marketing Research, 29, 18, 10.2307/3172490
Arellano, 1995, The managing affect and differences scale (MADS): A self-report measure assessing conflict management in couples, Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 319, 10.1037/0893-3200.9.3.319
Argyris, C. (1962). Interpersonal competence and organizational effectiveness. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
Argyris, 1976, Single loop and double loop models in research on decision making, Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 363, 10.2307/2391848
Bales, R. R. (1958). Task roles and social roles in problem-solving groups. In: E. Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds), Social Psychology (3rd ed., pp. 437–447). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Balkenohl, 1971, The origin of psychic disturbances and interhuman conflicts: An anthropological enlightening of personal relations, Heilpaedagogik, 40, 174
Barkley, 1992, Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Mother-adolescent interactions, family beliefs and conflicts, and maternal psychopathology, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 263, 10.1007/BF00916692
Barley, 1991, Contextualizing conflict: Notes on the anthropology of disputes and negotiations, Research on Negotiation in Organizations, 3, 165
Barnard, C. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Baron, 1984, Reducing organizational conflict: An incompatible response approach, Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 272, 10.1037/0021-9010.69.2.272
Baron, 1990, Countering the effects of destructive criticism: The relative efficacy of four interventions, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 235, 10.1037/0021-9010.75.3.235
Baron, 1991, Positive effects of conflict: A cognitive perspective, Employees Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 4, 25, 10.1007/BF01390436
Baruch, Bush, R., & Folger, J. (1994). The promise of mediation: Responding to conflict through empowerment and recognition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Bazerman, M. (2002). Judgment in managerial decision making (5th ed.). New York: Wiley.
Bazerman, M., & Neale, M. (1983). Heuristics in negotiation: Limitations to dispute resolution effectiveness. In: M. H. Bazerman & R. Lewicki (Eds), Negotiations in Organizations (pp. 51–67). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Bendersky, 2003, Dispute resolution systems: A complementarities modes, Academy of Management Review, 28, 643, 10.5465/amr.2003.10899444
Bendersky, C. (2003b). Dispute resolution system effectiveness: Complementarities and mediators. Academy of Management Meetings, Seattle, WA.
Bennett, 1990, Uncertainty and conflict: Combining conflict analysis and strategic choice, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 3, 29, 10.1002/bdm.3960030104
Bernstein, D. A., Clarke-Stewart, A., Roy, E. J., & Wickens, C. D. (1997). Psychology (4th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Bettenhausen, 1985, The emergence of norms in competitive decision-making groups, Administrative Science Quarterly, 30, 350, 10.2307/2392667
Beyer, J. (1981). Ideologies, values and decision making in organizations. In: P. C. Nystrom & W. Starbuck (Eds), Handbook of Organizational Design (pp. 166–202). New York: Oxford University Press.
Bezrukova, K., & Jehn, K. A. (2002). The effects of cross-level conflict: The moderating effects of conflict culture on the group faultlines-performance link. Academy of Management Meetings, Denver, CO.
Bingham, 2000, Mediating employment disputes at the United States postal service: A comparison of in-house and outside neutral mediator models, Review of Public Personnel Administration, XX, 5, 10.1177/0734371X0002000102
Bingham, L., & Novac, M. (2000). Mediation’s impact on formal discrimination complaint filing: Before and after the REDRESS program at the United States postal service. Paper presented at the International Association of Conflict Management 13th Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO.
Black, D. (1990). The elementary forms of conflict management. In: A. S. U. School of Justice Studies (Ed.), New Directions in the Study of Justice, Law, and Social Control (pp. 43–69). New York: Plenum.
Blake, R., & Mouton, J. (1984). The managerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
Bless, 1990, Mood and persuasion: A cognitive response analysis, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 331, 10.1177/0146167290162013
Block, 1993, Conflict resolution: A model for effective marital and family relations, American Journal of Family Therapy, 7, 61
Bodenhausen, G. (1993). Emotions, arousal and stereotypic judgments: A heuristic model of affect and stereotyping. In: D. Mackie & D. Hamilton (Eds), Affect, Cognition, and Stereotyping: Interactive Processes in Group Perception (pp. 13–37). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Boulding, K. (1962). Conflict and defense. New York: Harper & Row.
Bourgeois, 1985, Strategic goals, environmental uncertainty, and economic performance in volatile environments, Academy of Management Journal, 28, 548, 10.2307/256113
Brehmer, 1976, Social judgement theory and the analysis of interpersonal conflict, Psychological Bulletin, 83, 985, 10.1037/0033-2909.83.6.985
Brett, 1991, Negotiating group decisions, Negotiation Journal, 7, 291, 10.1111/j.1571-9979.1991.tb00624.x
Brief, 2002, Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace, Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279, 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135156
Bucklin, 1993, Organizing successful co-marketing alliances, Journal of Marketing, 57, 32, 10.2307/1252025
Campbell, 1968, Effectiveness of the t-group experience in managerial training and development, Psychological Bulletin, 70, 73, 10.1037/h0026031
Carnevale, 1992, Negotiation and mediation, Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 531, 10.1146/annurev.ps.43.020192.002531
Chamberlain, N., & Kuhn, J. (1965). Collective bargaining. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Choi, 1999, The organizational application of groupthink and its limitations in organizations, Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 297, 10.1037/0021-9010.84.2.297
Christiansen, 1991, Communications, conflict, and psychological distance in nondistressed, clinic, and divorcing couples, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 458, 10.1037/0022-006X.59.3.458
Cloven, 1993, The chilling effect of aggressive potential on the expression of complaints in intimate relationships, Communication Monographs, 60, 199, 10.1080/03637759309376309
Cobb, 1993, Empowerment and mediation: A narrative perspective, Negotiation Journal, 9, 245, 10.1111/j.1571-9979.1993.tb00706.x
Cohen, 1984, Conflict and complexity: Goal diversity and organizational search effectiveness, The American Political Science Review, 78, 435, 10.2307/1963374
Cole, 1977, Test of a model of decision processes in an intense conflict situation, Behavioral Science, 22, 186, 10.1002/bs.3830220305
Coleman, 2003, Characteristics of protracted, intractable conflict: Toward the development of a metaframework – I, Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 9, 1, 10.1207/S15327949PAC0901_01
Coser, L. (1956). The functions of social conflict. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Cosier, 1977, Cognitive conflict and goal conflict effects on task performance, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 19, 378, 10.1016/0030-5073(77)90071-X
Costantino, C. A., & Merchant, C. S. (1996). Designing conflict management systems: A guide to creating productive and healthy organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Cummings, A., & Jehn, K. A. (1999). The role of team leadership in the constructive use of conflict for creativity and change. Leadership Conference, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
Day, 1988, How buyers handle conflicts, Industrial Marketing Management, 17, 153, 10.1016/0019-8501(88)90017-X
De Church, 2001, Maximizing the benefits of task conflict: The role of conflict management, International Journal of Conflict Management, 12, 4, 10.1108/eb022847
De Dreu, 2001, Managing relationship conflict and the effectiveness of organizational teams, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 309, 10.1002/job.71
De Dreu, 2003, Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 741, 10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.741
De Dreu, 2000, Influence of social motives on integrative negotiations: A meta-analytic review and test of two theories, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 889, 10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.889
De Dreu, 2001, Minority dissent and team innovation: The importance of participation in decision making, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1191, 10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1191
Deutsch, M. (1965). Producing change in an adversary. In: R. Fisher (Ed.), International Conflict and Behavioral Science (pp. 145–160). New York: Basic Books.
Deutsch, 1969, Conflicts: Productive and destructive, Journal of Social Issues, 25, 7, 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb02576.x
Deutsch, M. (1973). The resolution of conflict. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dimuccio, 1998, The study of appeasement in international relations: Polemics, paradigms and problems, Journal of Peace Research, 35, 245, 10.1177/0022343398035002007
Doucet, 1997, Analyzing harsh words in a sensitive setting: American expatriates in Communist China, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 559, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199711)18:1+<559::AID-JOB907>3.3.CO;2-8
Drake, 1996, Communicative framing theory in conflict resolution, Communication Research, 23, 297, 10.1177/009365096023003003
Druckman, 1990, The social psychology of arms control and reciprocation, Political Psychology, 11, 553, 10.2307/3791664
Dumaine, B. (1991). The bureaucracy busters. Fortune (June 17th), 36–50.
Dunlop, J. T. (1958). Industrial relations systems. New York: Holt.
Dunlop, J. T., & Zack, A. (1997). Mediation and arbitration of employment disputes. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Edwards, 1995, Alternatives to difference scores as dependent variables in the study of congruence in organizational research, Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 64, 307, 10.1006/obhd.1995.1108
Eggeman, 1985, Assessing spouses’ perceptions of Gottman’s temporal form in marital conflict, Psychological Reports, 57, 171, 10.2466/pr0.1985.57.1.171
Eidelson, 2003, Dangerous ideas: Five beliefs that propel groups toward conflict, American Psychologist, 58, 182, 10.1037/0003-066X.58.3.182
Eisenhardt, 1988, Politics of strategic decision making in high-velocity environments: Toward a midrange theory, Academy of Management Journal, 31, 737, 10.2307/256337
Eisenhardt, 1990, Organizational growth: Linking founding team, strategy, environment, and growth among U.S. semiconductor ventures, 1978–1988, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 504, 10.2307/2393315
Elster, J. (1995). Strategic uses of argument. In: K. J. Arrow et al. (Eds), Barriers to Conflict Resolution (pp. 236–257). New York: Norton.
Enz, 1988, The role of value congruity on intraorganizational power, Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 284, 10.2307/2393060
Esser, 1995, A comparison of the effectiveness of substantive and contextual mediation tactics, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1340, 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02621.x
Evan, 1965, Conflict and performance in R&D organizations, Industrial Management Review, 7, 37
Faure, G. O. (1995). Conflict formulation: Going beyond culture-bound views of conflict. In: B. Bunker, J. Rubin et al. (Eds), Conflict, Cooperation, and Justice: Essays Inspired by the Work of Morton Deutsch (pp. 39–57). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Feullie, P., & Delaney, J. (1992). The individual pursuit of organizational justice: Grievance procedures in nonunion workplaces. In: G. R. Ferris & K. M. Rowland (Eds), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (Vol. 10, pp. 187–232).
Fink, 1972, Conflict management strategies implied by expected utility models of behavior, American Behavioral Scientist, 15, 837, 10.1177/000276427201500605
Fiol, 1994, Consensus, diversity, and learning in organizations, Organization Science, 5, 403, 10.1287/orsc.5.3.403
Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1984). Social cognition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Forehand, 1989, The nature of interparental conflict of married and divorced parents: Implications for young adolescents, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 235, 10.1007/BF00913797
Forgas, 1998, On feeling good and getting your way: Mood effects on negotiator cognition and bargaining strategies, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 565, 10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.565
Frazier, 1991, The use of influence strategies in interfirm relationships in industrial product channels, Journal of Marketing, 55, 52, 10.2307/1252203
Fry, D. P., & Fry, C. B. (1997). Culture and conflict-resolution models: Exploring alternatives to violence. In: D. P. Fry & K. Bjorkqvist (Eds), Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution (pp. 9–23). Mahweh, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Gabriel, 1998, An introduction to the social psychology of insults in organizations, Human Relations, 51, 1329, 10.1177/001872679805101101
Galbraith, J. (1973). Designing complex organizations. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Gamson, W., & Modigliani, A. (1971). Untangling the cold war: A strategy for testing rival theories. Boston: Little, Brown.
General Accounting Office (1997). ADR: Employers experience with ADR in the workplace. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.
George, A., & Smoke, R. (1974). Deterrence and American foreign policy: Theory and practice. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gersick, 1988, Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development, Academy of Management Journal, 31, 9, 10.2307/256496
Gersick, 1989, Marking time: Predictable transitions in task groups, Academy of Management Journal, 32, 274, 10.2307/256363
Gersick, 1991, Revolutionary change theories: A multilevel exploration of the punctuated equilibrium paradigm, Academy of Management Review, 16, 10, 10.5465/AMR.1991.4278988
Gladstein, 1984, A model of task group effectiveness, Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, 499, 10.2307/2392936
Glenn, 1970, A cognitive interaction model to analyze culture conflict in international relations, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 14, 35, 10.1177/002200277001400104
Goodenough, 1983, Consequences of social living, language, and culture for conflict and its management, Zygon: Journal of Religion & Science, 18, 415, 10.1111/j.1467-9744.1983.tb00525.x
Greenberg, J., & Folger, R. (1983). Procedural justice, participation, and the fair process effect in groups and organizations. In: P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Basic Group Processes (pp. 235–256). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Guetzkow, 1954, An analysis of conflict in decision making groups, Human Relations, 7, 367, 10.1177/001872675400700307
Gurr, T. R., & Harff, B. (1994). Ethnic conflict in world politics. Boulder: Westview Press.
Guzzo, R. (1986). Group decision making and group effectiveness in organizations. In: P. S. Goodman (Ed.), Designing Effective Work Groups (pp. 34–71). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Hackman, R. (1987). The design of work teams. In: J. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Behavior (pp. 315–342). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hackman, 1976, The interaction of task design and group performance strategies in determining group effectiveness, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 350, 10.1016/0030-5073(76)90021-0
Hall, R. (1972). Organizations, structure, and process. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Heckathorn, 1980, A unified model for bargaining and conflict, Behavioral Science, 25, 261, 10.1002/bs.3830250404
Hedberg, 1976, Camping on seesaws: Prescriptions for a self-designing organization, Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 41, 10.2307/2391877
Hirshleifer, J. (1995). Theorizing about conflict. In: D. Hartley & T. Sandler (Eds), Handbook of Defense Economics (pp. 166–189). New York: Elsevier.
Hoffman, L. R. (1978). Group problem solving. In: L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Group Processes. New York: Academic Press.
Hoffman, 1961, Quality and acceptance of problem solutions by members of homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 401, 10.1037/h0044025
Isen, 1984, The influence of affect on categorization, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 473, 10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1206
Jackson, S. (1992). Team composition in organizations. In: S. Worchel, W. Wood & J. Simpson (Eds), Group Process and Productivity (pp. 1–12). London: Sage.
Janis, I. L. (1982). Victims of groupthink (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Janis, I. L. (1985). Sources of error in strategic decision making. In: J. M. Pennings (Ed.), Organizational Strategy and Change (pp. 157–197). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Janssen, 1999, How task and person conflict shape the role of positive interdependence in management teams, Journal of Management, 25, 117, 10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80006-3
Jehn, K. (1992). The impact of intragroup conflict on effectiveness: A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of conflict. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University.
Jehn, 1994, Enhancing effectiveness: An investigation of advantages and disadvantages of value-based intragroup conflict, International Journal of Conflict Management, 5, 223, 10.1108/eb022744
Jehn, 1995, A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict, Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 256, 10.2307/2393638
Jehn, K. (1997a). The effect of value-based conflict on group performance and satisfaction: Can we be both productive and happy? In: C. de Dreu & E. van de Vliert (Eds), Optimizing Performance by Stimulating Conflict: Fundamental Issues for Groups and Organizations (pp. 87–100). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jehn, 1997, A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 530, 10.2307/2393737
Jehn, 1999, Diversity, conflict, and team performance: Summary of a program of research, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 12, 6, 10.1111/j.1937-8327.1999.tb00112.x
Jehn, 1997, To agree or not to agree: The effects of value congruence, member diversity, member diversity & conflict on workgroup outcomes, International Journal of Conflict Management, 8, 287, 10.1108/eb022799
Jehn, 2001, The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance, Academy of Management Journal, 44, 238, 10.2307/3069453
Jehn, 1999, Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in workgroups, Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 741, 10.2307/2667054
Jervis, R. (1976). Perception and misperception in international politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jones, 1993, Nonverbal communication and conflict escalation: An attribution-based model, The International Journal of Conflict Management, 4, 119, 10.1108/eb022723
Kabanoff, 1991, Equity, equality, power, and conflict, Academy of Management Review, 16, 416, 10.5465/amr.1991.4278961
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1995). Conflict resolution: A cognitive perspective. In: K. Arrow, R. Mnookin, L. Ross, A. Tversky & R. Wilson (Eds), Barriers to Conflict Resolution (pp. 45–60). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Katz, L. F., Kramer, L., & Gottman, J. (1992). Conflict and emotions in marital, sibling, and peer relationships. In: C. U. Shantz & W. W. Hartup (Eds), Conflict in Child and Adolescent Development. Cambridge Studies in Social and Emotional Development (pp. 122–149). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal relationships. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. (1969). Group problem solving. In: G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds), The Handbook of Social Psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 4). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Knez, 1998, Precedent transfer in experimental conflict-of-interest games, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 34, 239, 10.1016/S0167-2681(97)00053-X
Knudson, 1980, Interpersonal perception and mode of resolution in marital conflict, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 751, 10.1037/0022-3514.38.5.751
Kochan, 2003, The effects of diversity on business performance: Report of a feasibility study of the diversity research network, Human Resource Management Journal, 42, 3, 10.1002/hrm.10061
Kochan, T., Katz, H., & McKersie, R. (1986). The transformation of American industrial relations. New York: Basic Books.
Kochan, 2000, An evaluation of the Massachusetts commission against discrimination’s alternative dispute resolution program, Harvard Negotiation Law Review, 5, 233
Kolb, D. (1994). Negotiation theory: Through the looking glass of gender. Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, 9, 1–32, Occasional Paper.
Kolb, D., & Bartunek, J. (1992). Hidden conflict in organizations: Uncovering behind-the-scenes disputes. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Kramer, R. (1991). Intergroup relations and organizational dilemmas: The role categorization processes. In: L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 13, pp. 191–228). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Kramer, 1993, Self-enhancement biases and negotiator judgment: Effects of self-esteem and mood, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 56, 110, 10.1006/obhd.1993.1047
Kunda, G. (1992). Engineering culture: Control and commitment in a high-tech company. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Lachkar, 1993, Parallels between marital and political conflict, Journal of Psychohistory, 20, 275
Langlois, 1991, Rational deterrence and crisis stability, American Journal of Political Science, 35, 801, 10.2307/2111495
Lau, 1998, Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups, Academy of Management Review, 23, 325, 10.5465/amr.1998.533229
Lazarus, 1982, Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition, American Psychologist, 37, 1019, 10.1037/0003-066X.37.9.1019
Leng, 1979, Influence strategies, success, and war, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 23, 655, 10.1177/002200277902300404
Le Pine, 1998, Predicting voice behavior in work groups, Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 853, 10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.853
Levine, S., & Jehn, K. (1999). High performing teams: Characteristics of the optimal conflict profile. Academy of Management Meetings, Chicago, IL.
Lewicki, 1992, Models of conflict, negotiation and third party intervention: A review and synthesis, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 113, 209, 10.1002/job.4030130303
Lipsky, D., & Seeber, R. (1998). The appropriate resolution of corporate disputes: A report on the growing use of ADR by US corporations. Ithaca, Cornell/PERC institute on conflict resolution, 1–40.
Lovelace, 2001, Maximizing cross-functional new product teams’ innovativeness and constraint adherence: A conflict communications perspective, Academy of Management Journal, 24, 779, 10.2307/3069415
Luce, R. D., & Raiffa, H. (1957). Games and decisions: Introduction and critical survey. New York: Wiley.
Lusch, 1976, Channel conflict: Its impact on retailer operating performance, Journal of Retailing, 52, 3
Mandel, R. (1979). Perception, decision making and conflict. Washington, DC: University Press of America.
Mannix, E., & Jehn, K. A. (2004, forthcoming). Let’s norm and storm, but not right now: What to do with phase models of group interaction. In: M. Neale, E. Mannix & S. Blount (Eds), Research on Managing Groups and Teams. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
March, J., & Simon, H. (1958). Organizations. New York: Wiley.
McCauley, 1998, Group dynamics in Janis’s theory of groupthink: Backward and forward, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 73, 1, 10.1006/obhd.1998.2759
McCready, 1996, A comparison of conflict tactics in the supervisory process, Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 39, 191, 10.1044/jshr.3901.191
McDermott, P., Obar, R., Jose, A., & Bowers, M. (2000). An evaluation of the equal employment opportunity commission mediation program. Washington, DC: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
McGrath, J. E. (1984). Groups: Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Menon, 1996, The quality and effectiveness of marketing strategy: Effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict in intraorganizational relationships, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24, 299, 10.1177/0092070396244002
Mintzberg, 1976, The structure of ‘unstructured’ decision processes, Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 246, 10.2307/2392045
Mitroff, 1977, The application of behavioral and philosophical technologies to strategic planning: A case study of a large federal agency, Management Science, 24, 44, 10.1287/mnsc.24.1.44
Mitroff, 1979, On strategic assumption-making: A dialectical approach to policy and planning, Academy of Management Review, 4, 1, 10.5465/amr.1979.4289165
Morgan, P. (1977). Deterrence: A conceptual analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Morrill, C. (1995). The executive way: Conflict management in corporations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Morris, M., & Keltner, D. (2000). How emotions work: The social functions of emotional expression in negotiations. In: B. Staw & R. Sutton (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 22, pp. 1–50).
Morrison, 2000, Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world, Academy of Management Review, 25, 706, 10.5465/amr.2000.3707697
Murnighan, 1991, The dynamics of intense work groups: A study of British string quartets, Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 165, 10.2307/2393352
Neary, 1997, A comparison on rent-seeking models and economic models of conflict, Public Choice, 93, 373, 10.1023/A:1017901524758
Nemeth, C. J. (1987). Influence processes, problem solving and creativity. In: M. P. Zanna, J. M. Olson & C. P. Herman (Eds), Social Influence: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 5, pp. 237–246). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Nemeth, 1995, Dissent as driving cognition, attitudes, and judgments, Social Cognition, 13, 273, 10.1521/soco.1995.13.3.273
Nemeth, C. J. (2001). The art of mentoring: It’s personal. In: F. Buschini & E. Lage (Eds), Penser la Vie, le Social, la Nature: Mélanges en l’honneur de Serge Moscovici. Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, in press.
Nohria, 1991, Garcia-point, Carlos global strategic linkages and industry structure, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 105, 10.1002/smj.4250120909
Park, O. S., Sims, H. P., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1986). Affect in organizations. In: H. P. Sims & D. A. Gioia & Associates (Eds), The Thinking Organization (pp. 215–237). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Pelled, 1996, Demographic diversity, conflict, and work group outcomes: An intervening process theory, Organization Science, 6, 615, 10.1287/orsc.7.6.615
Pelled, 1999, Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance, Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 1, 10.2307/2667029
Pelz, D. C., & Andrews, W. P. (1966). Scientists in organizations: Productive climates for research and development. New York: Wiley.
Peterson, 1998, Group dynamics in top management teams: Groupthink, vigilance, and alternative models of organizational failure and success, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 73, 272, 10.1006/obhd.1998.2763
Pillutla, 1996, Unfairness, anger, and spite: Emotional rejections of ultimatum offers, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 68, 208, 10.1006/obhd.1996.0100
Pinkley, 1990, Dimensions of the conflict frame: Disputant interpretations of conflict, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 117, 10.1037/0021-9010.75.2.117
Pondy, 1967, Organizational conflict: Concepts and models, Administrative Science Quarterly, 12, 296, 10.2307/2391553
Pondy, 1992, Reflections on organizational conflict, Journal of Organization Behavior, 25, 261
Priem, 1991, Process and outcome expectations for the dialectical inquiry, devil’s advocacy, and consensus techniques of strategic decision making, Group and Organization Studies, 16, 206, 10.1177/105960119101600207
Pruitt, D. (1981). Negotiation behavior. New York: Academic Press.
Putnam, 1994, Productive conflict: Negotiation as implicit coordination, International Journal of Conflict Management, 9, 285
Putnam, L. L., & Wilson, C. E. (1982). Communicative strategies in organizational conflicts: Reliability and validity of a measurement scale. In: M. Burgoon (Ed.), Communication Yearbook (Vol. 6, pp. 629–652). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Radford, 1994, Decision making under conditions of conflict, Group Decision and Negotiation, 3, 169, 10.1007/BF01384353
Rahim, 1995, Confirmatory factor-analysis of the styles of handling interpersonal conflict – first-order factor model and its invariance across groups, Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 122, 10.1037/0021-9010.80.1.122
Raiffa, H. (1982). The art and science of negotiation. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Rapoport, A. (1960). Fights, games, and debates. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press.
Rollin, 1979, Conflict resolution: A model for effective marital and family relations, American Journal of Family Therapy, 7, 61, 10.1080/01926187908250303
Roloff, M. (1987). Communication and conflict. In: C. R. Berger & S. H. Chaffee (Eds), Handbook of Communication Science (pp. 484–534). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Roseman, 1994, Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 206, 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.206
Rosenberg, 1970, Towards the analysis of conflict in distribution channels: A descriptive model, Journal of Marketing, 34, 40, 10.2307/1250710
Rosenbloom, 1973, Conflict and channel efficiency: Some conceptual model for the decision maker, Journal of Marketing, 37, 26, 10.2307/1249943
Ross, L. (1995). Reactive devaluation in negotiation and conflict resolution. In: K. Arrow, R. Mnookin, L. Ross, A. Tversky & R. Wilson (Eds), Barriers to Conflict Resolution (pp. 26–42). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Ross, 1997, The relevance of culture for the study of political psychology and ethnic conflict, Political Psychology, 18, 299, 10.1111/0162-895X.00059
Ross, R. (1989). Conflict. In: R. Ross & J. Ross (Eds), Small Groups in Organizational Settings (pp. 139–178). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Rowe, M. (1997). Dispute resolution in the non-union environment: An evolution toward integrated systems for conflict management? In: S. Gleason (Ed.), Frontiers in Dispute Resolution and Human Resources (pp. 79–106). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
Rubin, 1980, Experimental research on third party intervention in conflict: Towards some generalizations, Psychological Bulletin, 87, 379, 10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.379
Rudashevskii, 1974, Risk, conflict and uncertainty in the process of decision-making, and their modelling, Voprosy Psikhologii, 2, 84
Russell, 1978, Evidence of convergent validity on the dimensions of affect, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 345, 10.1037/0022-3514.37.3.345
Russell, 1994, Fuzzy concepts in a fuzzy hierarchy: Varieties of anger, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 186, 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.186
Sanna, 2003, Mixed-motive conflict in social dilemmas: Mood as input to competitive and cooperative goals, Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 26, 10.1037/1089-2699.7.1.26
Santa-Barbara, 1974, Conflict behavior in clinical families: Preasymptotic interactions and stable outcomes, Behavioral Science, 19, 100, 10.1002/bs.3830190204
Sathe, 1983, Implications of corporate culture: A manager’s guide to action, Organizational Dynamics, 5, 73
Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Schelling, T. C. (1960). The strategy of conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schmidt, 1972, Conflict: Toward conceptual clarity, Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 359, 10.2307/2392149
Schweiger, 1986, Group approaches for improving strategic decision making: A comparative analysis of dialectical inquiry, devil’s advocacy, and consensus approaches to strategic decision making, Academy of Management Journal, 29, 51, 10.2307/255859
Schweiger, 1989, Experiential effects of dialectical inquiry, devil’s advocacy, and consensus approaches to strategic decision making, Academy of Management Journal, 32, 745, 10.2307/256567
Schwenk, 1990, Conflict in organizational decision making: An exploratory study of its effects in for-profit and not-for-profit organizations, Decision Sciences, 36, 436
Schwenk, 1993, Effects of consensus and devil’s advocacy on strategic decision making, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 126, 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01056.x
Schwenk, 1994, Effects of devil’s advocacy and dialectical inquiry on individuals versus groups, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59, 210, 10.1006/obhd.1994.1057
Shah, 1993, Do friends perform better than acquaintances? The interaction of friendship, conflict, and task, Group Decision and Negotiation, 2, 149, 10.1007/BF01884769
Shapiro, D., & Von Glinow, M. A. (1999). Negotiation in multicultural teams: New world, old theories? In: R. J. Bies, R. J. Lewicki & B. H. Sheppard (Eds), Research on Negotiation in Organizations (Vol. 7). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Siani, 1996, Family, subject, and history from Bateson to psychotic games and family conflicts models: Old limits and new directions in Italian family therapy, New Trends in Experimental & Clinical Psychiatry, 12, 81
Simmel, G. (1955). Conflict. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Simons, 2000, Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 102, 10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.102
Sinclair, 1995, The effect of mood state on judgmental accuracy: Processing strategy as a mechanism, Cognition and Emotion, 9, 417, 10.1080/02699939508408974
Snyder, G., & Diesing, P. (1977). Conflict among nations: Bargaining, decision making and system structure in international crises. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Staw, 1981, Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis, Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 501, 10.2307/2392337
Strauss, 1962, Tactics of lateral relationships: The purchasing agent, Administrative Science Quarterly, 7, 161, 10.2307/2390853
Stearns, F. (1972). Anger: Psychology, physiology, and pathology. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Sternberg, 1996, Investing in creativity, American Psychologist, 51, 677, 10.1037/0003-066X.51.7.677
Surra, 1990, Similarity of outcomes, interdependence, and conflict in dating relationships, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 501, 10.1037/0022-3514.59.3.501
Tetlock, 1994, The slavery debate in antebellum America: Cognitive style, value conflict, and the limits of compromise, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 115, 10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.115
Thatcher, 1999, The contextual importance of diversity: The impact of relational demography and team diversity on individual performance and satisfaction, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 12, 97, 10.1111/j.1937-8327.1999.tb00117.x
Thatcher, S., Jehn, K., & Chadwick, C. (1998). Understanding the impact of differences: Individual demographic differences, group diversity, and conflict. Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, San Diego, CA.
Thatcher, 2003, Cracks in diversity research: The effects of faultlines on conflict and performance, Group Decision and Negotiation, 12, 217, 10.1023/A:1023325406946
Thomas, K. W. (1976). Conflict and conflict management. In: M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 889–935). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Thomas, K. W. (1992). Conflict and negotiation processes in organizations. In: M. Dunnette & L. Hough (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 651–718). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Thompson, J. (1967). Organizations in action. Chicago: McGraw-Hill.
Tinsley, C. H. Predicting the constellation of strategies used by Germans, Americans, and Japanese to negotiate conflict. Academy of Management Journal.
Tjosvold, 1990, Power in cooperative and competitive organizational contexts, The Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 249, 10.1080/00224545.1990.9924575
Tjosvold, 1991, Rights and responsibilities of dissent: Cooperative conflict, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 4, 13, 10.1007/BF01390435
Tjosvold, 1998, Making employee involvement work: Cooperative goals and controversy to reduce costs, Human Relations, 51, 201, 10.1177/001872679805100205
Tjosvold, 1992, Managing conflict between departments to serve customers, Human Relations, 45, 1035, 10.1177/001872679204501002
Tjosvold, 1984, Influence strategy, perspective-taking, and relationships between high- and low-power individuals in cooperative and competitive contexts, The Journal of Applied Psychology, 116, 187
Tjosvold, 2001, Motivation for conflict among Chinese university students: Effects of others’ expertise and one’s own confidence in engaging in conflict, The Journal of Social Psychology, 141, 353, 10.1080/00224540109600557
Tuckman, 1965, Developmental sequences in small groups, Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384, 10.1037/h0022100
Turner, 1992, Threat, cohesion, and group effectiveness: Testing a social identity maintenance perspective on groupthink, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 781, 10.1037/0022-3514.63.5.781
Tushman, M., & Nadler, D. (1978). Information processing as an integrating concept in organizational design. In: D. A. Nadler & M. L. Tushman (Eds), Managerial Behavior (4th ed., pp. 157–190). New York: Columbia University Press.
Ury, W., Brett, J., & Goldberg, S. (1989). Getting disputes resolved: Designing systems to cut the costs of conflict. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Van de Ven, 1986, Central problems in the management of innovation, Management Science, 32, 590, 10.1287/mnsc.32.5.590
Van de Ven, 1976, Determinants of coordination modes within organizations, American Sociological Review, 41, 322, 10.2307/2094477
Van de Ven, A., & Ferry, D. (1980). Measuring and assessing organizations. New York: Wiley.
Van de Vliert, E. (1997). Complex interpersonal conflict behaviour: Theoretical frontiers. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
Van de Vliert, 1994, Optimizing performance by conflict stimulation, International Journal of Conflict Management, 5, 211, 10.1108/eb022743
Van de Vliert, E., Nauta, A., Euwema, M., & Janssen, O. (1997). The effectiveness of mixing problem solving and forcing. In: C. De Dreu, E. Van de Vliert et al. (Eds), Using Conflict in Organization (pp. 38–52). London, UK: Sage.
Van Dyne, 2001, Pink collar stress: Employee performance, creativity, and satisfaction in hair salons, Journal of Organization Behavior, 23, 57, 10.1002/job.127
Van Maanan, J. (1992). Drinking our troubles away: Managing conflict in a British policy agency. In: D. Kolb & J. M. Bartunek (Eds), Hidden Conflict in Organizations: Uncovering Behind-the-Scenes Disputes (pp. 32–62). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Wagner, 1984, Organizational demography and turnover in top-management groups, Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, 74, 10.2307/2393081
Wall, 1986, Perceptions of inequality, satisfaction, and conflict in task oriented groups, Human Relations, 39, 1033, 10.1177/001872678603901106
Walton, R. E., Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., & McKersie, R. (1994). Strategic negotiations: A theory of change in labor-management relations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Walton, R. E., & McKersie, R. B. (1965). A behavioral theory of labor negotiations: An analysis of a social interaction system. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Weldon, E., Jehn, K., Doucet, L., Chen, X., & Wang, Z. (1996). Conflict management in U.S.-Chinese joint ventures. Academy of Management Electronic Best Paper Proceedings.
Wert-Gray, 1991, Research topics and methodological orientations in organizational communication: A decade in review, Communication Studies, 42, 141, 10.1080/10510979109368329
Whitney, 1983, Effects of group cohesiveness on attitude polarization and the acquisition of knowledge in a strategic planning context, Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 167, 10.2307/3151683
Williams, K., & O’Reilly, C. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations. In: B. M. Staw & R. M. Sutton (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 20, pp. 77–140). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.