Hyponatremia: a challenge for internists

Thanakitcharu P, Charoenwut M, Siriwiwatanakul N (2013) Inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility index: a practical non-invasive evaluation of intravascular fluid volume in critically-ill patients. J Med Assoc Thail 96(Suppl 3):S14–S22 Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE (2006) Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med 119:S30–S35 Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Korzelius C, Schrier RW, Sterns RH, Thompson CJ (2013) Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med 126(10 Suppl 1):S1–S42 Peri A, Pirozzi N, Parenti G, Festuccia F, Menè P (2010) Hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). J Endocrinol Invest 33(9):671–682 Raff H (1987) Glucocorticoid inhibition of neurohypophysial vasopressin secretion. Am J Physiol 252:635–644 Saito T, Ishikawa SE, Ando F, Higashiyama M, Nagasaka S, Sasaki S (2000) Vasopressin-dependent upregulation of aquaporin-2 gene expression in glucocorticoid-deficient rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279:502–508 Kazlauskaite R, Evans AT, Villabona CV, Abdu TA, Ambrosi B, Atkinson AB, Choi CH, Clayton RN, Courtney CH, Gonc EN, Maghnie M, Rose SR, Soule SG, Tordjman K (2008) Corticotropin tests for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal insufficiency: a metaanalysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:4245–4253 Barbetta L, Dall’Asta C, Re T, Libè R, Costa E, Ambrosi B (2005) Comparison of different regimens of glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with hypoadrenalism. J Endocrinol Invest 28:632–637 Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, Bichet D, Decaux G, Fenske W, Hoorn EJ, Ichai C, Joannidis M, Soupart A, Zietse R, Haller M, van der Veer S, Van Biesen W, Nagler E, Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group (2014) Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29(Suppl. 2):ii1–ii39