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Hóa học nước ngầm trong khu vực ven biển của huyện Cuddalore, Tamilnadu, Ấn Độ: ý nghĩa cho việc đánh giá chất lượng
Tóm tắt
Một cuộc điều tra về hóa học nước ngầm đã được thực hiện ở khu vực ven biển của huyện Cuddalore nhằm xác định ảnh hưởng của sự xâm nhập nước mặn và khả năng nước ngầm cho mục đích sinh hoạt và nông nghiệp. Địa chất của khu vực nghiên cứu bao gồm cát kết, đất sét, phù sa và đất laterite có tuổi Tertiary và Quaternary. Tổng cộng 18 mẫu nước ngầm đã được phân tích cho 14 tham số chất lượng nước khác nhau và kết quả cho thấy nồng độ các ion như Cl (3,509 mg/l), Na (3,123 mg/l) và HCO3 (998 mg/l) cao hơn khi so với tiêu chuẩn WHO, BIS và ISI. Một sự tương quan tích cực (r2 = 0.82) đã được quan sát giữa Na và Cl, chỉ ra nguồn gốc từ sự xâm nhập nước mặn. Ba yếu tố đã được chiết xuất với tổng phương sai là 64% cho thấy các nguồn gốc của sự nhiễm mặn, trao đổi cation và tác động con người đến nước ngầm. Biểu đồ trilinear Piper cho thấy cả loại Na–Cl và Na–HCO3–Cl hỗn hợp, cho thấy nước ngầm bị ảnh hưởng mạnh bởi các hoạt động nhân tạo. Đồ thị (Ca + Mg)/(K + Na) chỉ ra bằng chứng của sự trao đổi cation và sự xâm nhập nước mặn. Đồ thị (Ca–0.33*HCO3)/ SO4 cho thấy sự xâm nhập nước mặn đối với mức SO4 cao hơn là sự hòa tan thạch cao. Phân bố không gian của chất rắn hòa tan tổng cộng chỉ ra sự xâm lấn nước mặn dọc theo phần tây nam của khu vực nghiên cứu. Theo tỷ lệ hấp thụ natri (SAR), 50% mẫu có <10 SAR là phù hợp cho tưới tiêu và >10 SAR cho thấy nước không phù hợp cho mục đích tưới tiêu. Phân loại natri carbonat dư cho thấy 50% mẫu nằm trong vùng an toàn và 50% mẫu nằm trong vùng xấu, việc sử dụng kéo dài nước này sẽ ảnh hưởng đến năng suất cây trồng. Chỉ số Chloro Alkaline của nước cho thấy sự mất cân bằng do tỷ lệ Cl > Na–K cao hơn, cho thấy ảnh hưởng của sự xâm nhập nước mặn. Chỉ số Thẩm thấu của nước ngầm cho thấy nước ngầm trong khu vực nghiên cứu là vừa phải đến tốt cho mục đích tưới tiêu.
Từ khóa
#nước ngầm #xâm nhập nước mặn #chất lượng nước #nông nghiệp #huyện CuddaloreTài liệu tham khảo
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