Hydrochar-derived adsorbent for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution

Velma Beri Kimbi Yaah1, Mohamed Zbair2, Sérgio Botelho de Oliveira3, Satu Ojala1
1Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
2Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials (LCCM), Faculty of Sciences, University of Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
3Federal Institute of Goiás - IFG, Goiania, Brazil

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe characteristics and diclofenac adsorption properties of a carbon adsorbent prepared from palm kernel shells were studied. The adsorbent prepared via hydrothermal carbonization followed by an activation in nitrogen flow had a mesoporous structure with homogenous pore distribution and the specific surface area of 131 m2g−1. The Raman spectra showed a formation of graphene or graphite structures in the material during activation with small number of defects based on its ID/IGratio of about 0.5. The FTIR analysis showed both a qualitative and quantitative decrease in the functional groups of the raw material after activation. The developed adsorbent was found to be effective in the removal of diclofenac with 95% maximum removal at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 15 gL−1and adsorbate dose of 50 mgL−1. Diclofenac adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with correlation coefficient R2 > 0.98. The adsorption kinetics was explained by the second-order kinetic model with rate constant (K2) 0.869 min−1. The interaction via aromatic π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding between -OH groups of phenol and carboxylic acid groups of DCF are leading to a good adsorption efficiency despite of the low surface area of the adsorbent.Graphic abstract

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