Hunger influenced life expectancy in war-torn Sub-Saharan African countries
Tóm tắt
Malnutrition is a global public health problem especially in developing countries experiencing war/conflicts. War might be one of the socio-political factors influencing malnutrition in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This study aims at determining the influence of war on corruption, population (POP), number of population malnourished (NPU), food security and life expectancy (LE) in war-torn SSA countries (WTSSA) by comparing their malnutrition indicators. Fourteen countries in WTSSA were stratified into zones according to war incidences. Countries’ secondary data on population (POP), NPU, Food Security Index (FSI), corruption perceptions index (CPI), Global Hunger Index (GHI) and LE were obtained from global published data. T test, multivariate and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between CPI, POP, GHI, FSI, NPU, male LE (MLE) and female LE (FLE) in WTSSA at p < .05. Data were presented in tables, means, standard deviation and percentages. Mean NPU, CPI, GHI, POP, FSI, MLE and FLE in WTSSA were 5.0 million, 28.3%, 18.2%, 33.8 million, 30.8%, 54.7 years and 57.1 years, respectively. GHI significantly influenced LE in both male and female POP in WTSSA. NPU, CPI, FSI, GHI and FLE were not significantly different according to zones except in MLE. Malnutrition indicators were similarly affected in WTSSA. Hunger influenced life expectancy. Policies promoting good governance, equity, peaceful co-existence, respect for human right and adequate food supply will aid malnutrition eradication and prevent war occurrences in Sub-Saharan African countries.
Tài liệu tham khảo
UNHCR. UNHCR describes alarming health and nutrition situation in South Sudan camps. News Stories, 24 August 2012. Avalaible from: http://www.unhcr.org/503881659.html. Accessed 26 Jan 2012.
SIGHT AND LIFE. “Hidden Hunger Index” identifies global hot spots of micronutrient deficiencies for first time. For Immediate Release. 13 June 2013:1–2. PubMed | Google Scholar.
Laxmaiah A, Arlappa N, Balakrishna N, Mallikarjuna RK, Galreddy C, Kumar S, Ravindranath M, Brahmam GN. Prevalence and determinants of micronutrient deficiencies among rural children of eight states in India. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;62(3):231–41. PubMed | Google Scholar.
Muthayya S, Rah JH, Sugimoto JD, Roos FF, Kraemer K, Black RE. The global hidden hunger indices and maps: an advocacy tool for action. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e67860. PubMed | Google Scholar.
Goldson E. The effect of war on children. Child Abuse Negl. 1996;20(9):809–19.
Shah A. Conflicts in Africa. 2011. Available from: Availabe from: http://www.globalissues.org/issue/83/conflicts-in-africa. Accessed 30 Mar 2014.
Uchendu FN, Abolarin TO. Corrupt practices negatively influenced food security and life expectancy in developing countries. Pan Afr Med J. 2015;20(110) https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.20.110.5311.
Uchendu FN, Biesalski HK. Meeting report. International Congress ‘Hidden Hunger’, March 5–9, 2013, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, German. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;62:298–302. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351078. Available from: http://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/351078. Accessed 28 June 2016.
Food and Agricultural Organisation. Study on impact of armed conflict on the nutritional situation of children 2005. Availabe from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/w2357e/W2357E02.htm. Accessed 28 Mar 2015.
Transparency International. Corruption Perceptions Index. Availabe from: CPIBrochure_EN pdf. 2013. Google Scholar. https://www.transparency.org/files/content/pressrelease/CPI2013_Sub-SaharanAfrica_EN.pdf.
The Economic Intelligent Unit. Global Food Security Index. An annual measure of the state of global food security. Commissioned by DuPont. EIU_DUPOINT_GFSI-2013 pdf. 2013; 2nd ed. Google Scholar.http://www.foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/.../DownloadResource?...EIU%20Global%20Food%20Sec.
Population Reference Bureau. World population data sheet. 2013. Available from: https://assets.prb.org/pdf13/2013-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf. Accessed 28 Mar 2014.
International Food Policy Research Institute. Global Hunger Index: challenges of hidden hunger 2014. Available from: http://www.ifpri.org/publication/2014-global-hunger-index. Accessed 8 Nov 2014.
Food and Agricultural Organisation. The state of food insecurity in the world 2014. Available from: http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2013/en. Accessed 9 Nov 2014.