Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated neuropathogenesis: targeted gene delivery by a Sindbis virus expression vector

Abacioglu, 1994, Epitope mapping and topology of baculovirus-expressed HIV-1 gp160 determined with a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 10, 371, 10.1089/aid.1994.10.371 Agapov, 1998, Noncytopathic Sindbis virus RNA vectors for heterologous gene expression, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 12989, 10.1073/pnas.95.22.12989 Altman-Hamamdzic, 1997, Expression of beta-galactosidase in mouse brain, Gene Ther., 4, 815, 10.1038/sj.gt.3300458 Araque, 1998, Calcium elevation in astrocytes causes an NMDA receptor-dependent increase in the frequency of miniature synaptic currents in cultured hippocampal neurons, J. Neurosci., 18, 6822, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-17-06822.1998 Armstrong, 2001, Theta-frequency facilitation of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the principal cells of the medial septum, J. Neurophysiol., 85, 1709, 10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1709 Bagasra, 1996, Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in the central nervous system of infected individuals, AIDS, 10, 573, 10.1097/00002030-199606000-00002 Bagetta, 1996, Intracerebral injection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coat protein gp120 differentially affects the expression of nerve growth factor and nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampus of rat, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 928, 10.1073/pnas.93.2.928 Bansal, 2000, Neurotoxicity of HIV-1 proteins gp120 and Tat in the rat striatum, Brain Res., 879, 42, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02725-6 Bennett, 1995, HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity to midbrain dopamine cultures, Brain Res., 705, 168, 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01166-8 Bezzi, 2001, CXCR4-activated astrocyte glutamate release via TNFα, Nat. Neurosci., 4, 702, 10.1038/89490 Bjorklund, 2000, Cell replacement therapies for central nervous system disorders, Nat. Neurosci., 3, 537, 10.1038/75705 Boutet, 2000, Direct role of plasma membrane-expressed gp120/41 in toxicity to human astrocytes induced by HIV-1-infected macrophages, AIDS, 14, 2687, 10.1097/00002030-200012010-00008 Bredenbeek, 1993, Sindbis virus expression vectors, J. Virol., 67, 6439, 10.1128/JVI.67.11.6439-6446.1993 Chen, 1997, The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces tumor necrosis factor-α production. Implications for HIV-1-associated neurological diseases, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 22385, 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22385 Corasaniti, 2001, Exploitation of the HIV-1 coat glycoprotein, gp120, in neurodegenerative studies in vivo, J. Neurochem., 79, 1, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00537.x Corder, 1998, HIV-infected subjects with the E4 allele for APOE have excess dementia and peripheral neuropathy, Nat. Med., 4, 1182, 10.1038/2677 Corley, 2001, Astrocytes attenuate oligodendrocyte death in vitro through an α(6) integrin-laminin-dependent mechanism, Glia, 36, 281, 10.1002/glia.1116 Daadi, 1999, Generation of tyrosine hydroxylase-producing neurons from precursors of the embryonic and adult forebrain, J. Neurosci., 19, 4484, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-11-04484.1999 D’Apuzzo, 2001, Abundant GFP expression and ltp in hippocampal acute slices by in vivo injection of sindbis virus, J. Neurosphysiol., 86, 1037, 10.1152/jn.2001.86.2.1037 Dryga, 1997, Identification of mutations in a Sindbis virus variant able to establish persistent infection in BHK cells, Virology, 228, 74, 10.1006/viro.1996.8364 Ehrengruber, 1999, Recombinant Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus efficiently infect neurons in hippocampal slice cultures, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 7041, 10.1073/pnas.96.12.7041 Frolov, 1999, Selection of RNA replicons capable of persistent noncytopathic replication in mammalian cells, J. Virol., 73, 3854, 10.1128/JVI.73.5.3854-3865.1999 Frolov, 1996, Alphavirus-based expression vectors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 11371, 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11371 Gardner, 2000, Infection of human dendritic cells by a sindbis virus replicon vector is determined by a single amino acid substitution in the E2 glycoprotein, J. Virol., 74, 11849, 10.1128/JVI.74.24.11849-11857.2000 Glass, 1995, Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain, Ann. Neurol., 38, 755, 10.1002/ana.410380510 Gonzalez-Scarano, 1999, Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 22, 219, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.219 Griffin, 1997, Regulators of apoptosis on the road to persistent alphavirus infection, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 51, 565, 10.1146/annurev.micro.51.1.565 Gwag, 1998, A neuron-specific gene transfer by a recombinant defective Sindbis virus, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 63, 53, 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00251-4 Hanna, 1998, Transgenic mice expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in immune cells develop a severe AIDS-like disease, J. Virol., 72, 121, 10.1128/JVI.72.1.121-132.1998 Hanna, 1998, Nef harbors a major determinant of pathogenicity for an AIDS-like disease induced by HIV-1 in transgenic mice, Cell, 95, 163, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81748-1 Hanna, 2001, The pathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 Nef in CD4C/HIV transgenic mice is abolished by mutation of its SH3-binding domain, and disease development is delayed in the absence of Hck, J. Virol., 75, 9378, 10.1128/JVI.75.19.9378-9392.2001 Hofmann, 1999, Species-specific, postentry barriers to primate immunodeficiency virus infection, J. Virol., 73, 10020, 10.1128/JVI.73.12.10020-10028.1999 Imai, 1996, A novel gene Iba-1 in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 224, 855, 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1112 Ito, 1998, Microglia-specific localisation of a novel calcium binding protein, Iba-1, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 57, 1, 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00040-0 Johnston, 2002, Envelope gene-mediated neurovirulence in feline immunodeficiency virus infection, J. Virol., 76, 2622, 10.1128/JVI.76.6.2622-2633.2002 Johnston, 2001, HIV-1 Tat neurotoxicity is prevented by matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, Ann. Neurol., 49, 230, 10.1002/1531-8249(20010201)49:2<230::AID-ANA43>3.0.CO;2-O Jolicoeur, 1992, Efficient production of human immunodeficiency virus proteins in transgenic mice, J. Virol., 66, 3904, 10.1128/JVI.66.6.3904-3908.1992 Kamps, 1991, Oligomerization and transport of the envelope protein of Moloney murine leukemia virus-TB and of ts1, a neurovirulent temperature-sensitive mutant of MoMuL V-TB, Virology, 184, 687, 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90438-H Kaul, 2001, Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia, Nature, 410, 988, 10.1038/35073667 Kaul, 1999, Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 8212, 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8212 Keppler, 2001, Susceptibility of rat-derived cells to replication by human immunodeficiency virus type 1, J. Virol., 75, 8063, 10.1128/JVI.75.17.8063-8073.2001 Lewis, 1995, Developing animal models for AIDS research—progress and problems, Trends Biotechnol., 13, 142, 10.1016/S0167-7799(00)88925-8 Li, 1991, Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cloned directly from uncultured human brain tissue, J. Virol., 65, 3973, 10.1128/JVI.65.8.3973-3985.1991 Lundstrom, 1999, Alphaviruses as tools in neurobiology and gene therapy, J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res., 19, 673, 10.3109/10799899909036679 Lynch, 1995, Induction of focal spongiform neurodegeneration in developmentally resistant mice by implantation of murine retrovirus-infected microglia, J. Virol., 69, 1408, 10.1128/JVI.69.3.1408-1419.1995 Lynch, 2000, Differential glycosylation of the Cas-Br-E env protein is associated with retrovirus-induced spongiform neurodegeneration, J. Virol., 74, 1558, 10.1128/JVI.74.3.1558-1565.2000 Mariani, 2000, A block to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly in murine cells, J. Virol., 74, 3859, 10.1128/JVI.74.8.3859-3870.2000 McArthur, 1993, Dementia in AIDS patients, Neurology, 43, 2245, 10.1212/WNL.43.11.2245 Mollace, 2001, Oxidative stress and neuroAIDS, Trends Neurosci., 24, 411, 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01819-1 Morrow, 1987, Small animals are not susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus infection, J. Gen. Virol., 68, 2253, 10.1099/0022-1317-68-8-2253 Nath, 1999, Transient exposure to HIV-1 Tat protein results in cytokine production in macrophages and astrocytes. A hit and run phenomenon, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 17098, 10.1074/jbc.274.24.17098 Nuovo, 1994, In situ detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified HIV-1 nucleic acids and tumor necrosis factor-α RNA in the central nervous system, Am. J. Pathol., 144, 659 Parpura, 1994, Glutamate-mediated astrocyte-neuron signalling, Nature, 369, 744, 10.1038/369744a0 Persidsky, 1996, Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis in SCID mice, Am. J. Pathol., 149, 1027 Power, 2001, Neuroimmune and neurovirological aspects of human immunodeficiency virus infection, Adv. Virus Res., 56, 389, 10.1016/S0065-3527(01)56034-0 Power, 1993, Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia, Ann. Neurol., 34, 339, 10.1002/ana.410340307 Power, 1998, Neuronal death induced by brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope genes differs between demented and nondemented AIDS patients, J. Virol., 72, 9045, 10.1128/JVI.72.11.9045-9053.1998 Quasney, 2001, Increased frequency of the tumor necrosis factor-α-308, Ann. Neurol., 50, 157, 10.1002/ana.1284 Schlesinger, 2000, Alphavirus expression vectors, Adv. Virus Res., 55, 565, 10.1016/S0065-3527(00)55018-0 Schlesinger, 1999, Alphavirus vectors for gene expression and vaccines, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 10, 434, 10.1016/S0958-1669(99)00006-3 Sheardown, 1990, 2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline, Science, 247, 571, 10.1126/science.2154034 Snyder, 1992, Multipotent neural cell lines can engraft and participate in development of mouse cerebellum, Cell, 68, 33, 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90204-P Stoppini, 1991, A simple method for organotypic cultures of nervous tissue, J. Neurosci. Methods, 37, 173, 10.1016/0165-0270(91)90128-M Strauss, 1994, The alphaviruses, Microbiol. Rev., 58, 491, 10.1128/MMBR.58.3.491-562.1994 Strelow, 2001, The blood-brain barrier and AIDS, Adv. Virus Res., 56, 355, 10.1016/S0065-3527(01)56033-9 Thompson, 2001, Correlation between neurological progression and astrocyte apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia, Ann. Neurol., 49, 745, 10.1002/ana.1011 Toggas, 1994, Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gp120 in transgenic mice, Nature, 367, 188, 10.1038/367188a0 Torres-Munoz, 2001, Detection of HIV-1 gene sequences in hippocampal neurons isolated from postmortem AIDS brains by laser capture microdissection, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 60, 885, 10.1093/jnen/60.9.885 Trillo-Pazos, 2002, 4th International Conference on Neurovirology/10th Conference on Neuroscience of HIV Infection, Dusseldorf, J. Neurovirol., 8, 23 Tyor, 1993, A model of human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis in SCID mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 8658, 10.1073/pnas.90.18.8658 Ungerstedt, 1970, Quantitative recording of rotational behavior in rats after 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine system, Brain Res., 24, 485, 10.1016/0006-8993(70)90187-3 van Rij, 1999, Reduced prevalence of the CCR5 Δ32 heterozygous genotype in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with AIDS dementia complex, J. Infect. Dis., 180, 854, 10.1086/314940 Vecil, 2000, Interleukin-1 is a key regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in human neurons in culture and following mouse brain trauma in vivo, J. Neurosci. Res., 61, 212, 10.1002/1097-4547(20000715)61:2<212::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-9 Wahlfors, 2000, Evaluation of recombinant alphaviruses as vectors in gene therapy, Gene Ther., 7, 472, 10.1038/sj.gt.3301122 Wei, 1998, A novel CDK9-associated C-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop-specific binding to TAR RNA, Cell, 92, 451, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80939-3 Weiss, 1993, Repeated NMDA receptor activation induces distinct intracellular calcium changes in subpopulations of striatal neurons in vitro, Brain Res., 627, 63, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90749-D Wesselingh, 2001, Immunopathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia, Curr. Opin. Neurol., 14, 375, 10.1097/00019052-200106000-00018 Wong, 1986, The anticonvulsant MK-801 is a potent N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 7104, 10.1073/pnas.83.18.7104 Zhang, 2001, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade A and D neurotropism, Virology, 283, 19, 10.1006/viro.2001.0876