Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey

Proceedings of the IEEE - Tập 83 Số 5 - Trang 705-741 - 1995
Rama Chellappa1, Charles L. Wilson2, Saad Sirohey3
1Dept. of Electr. Eng., Maryland Univ., College Park, MD, , USA
2National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
3Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.3758/BF03327918

10.1126/science.1598577

10.1016/0734-189X(83)90094-4

sakaguchi, 1989, Personal identification through facial images using isodensity lines, Proc SPIE Visual Commun and Image Proc, 1199, 643

de-chen, 1990, Fast texture image segmentation, SPIE Proc Appli of Digital Image Process XIII, 1349, 277, 10.1117/12.23536

10.1007/978-94-009-4420-6

10.1109/TC.1977.5009272

10.1007/BF00115698

10.1117/12.937743

10.1117/12.57049

cheng, 1992, A robust algebraic method for human face recognition, Proc 11th Int Conf on Patt Recog, 221

10.1037/0012-1649.16.4.257

davies, 1981, Perceiving and Remembering Faces

10.1109/WVM.1991.212810

craw, 1992, Finding face features, Proc 2nd Europe Conf on Compu Vision, 92

10.1109/IJCNN.1990.137696

10.1111/j.1467-8624.1976.tb02226.x

10.1016/0167-8655(87)90039-0

hay, 1982, Normality and Pathology in Cognitive Function, 173

musen, 1988, Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

10.1108/eb007637

10.1109/34.57666

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb01543.x

10.1109/TPAMI.1986.4767851

candela, 1993, Comparative Performance of Classification Methods for Fingerprints

carey, 1987, Explorations in the Biological Language, 175

10.1016/0004-3702(82)90023-6

bruce, 1990, Mind and Language, 342, 10.1111/j.1468-0017.1990.tb00168.x

10.1109/34.254061

brunelli, 1992, HyperBF networks for gender classification, Proc DARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 311

10.1109/IJCNN.1990.137747

buck, 1993, Motion Analysis and Image Sequence Processing, 285, 10.1007/978-1-4615-3236-1_10

10.1080/00140139108967329

10.1109/WVM.1991.212808

burt, 1989, Multiresolution techniques for image representation, analysis, and 'smart' transmission, Proc SPIE Visual Commun and Image Proc, 1199, 2

10.3758/BF03335055

golomb, 1991, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 3, 572

davies, 1965, Perceiving and remembering faces, Perceptual and Motor Skills

10.1109/5.58349

10.1109/TDSCEN.1989.68119

10.1117/12.940288

bruneiii, 1992, Face recognition through geometrical features, Proc Europe Conf on Computer Vision, 792

10.1364/JOSAA.3.001492

10.1109/TC.1972.5008949

zhang, 1992, 3D Dynamic Scene Analysis, 27, 10.1007/978-3-642-58148-9

10.1109/IJCNN.1990.137804

haig, 1985, Aspects of Face Processing, 410

grother, 1993, Comparison of handprinted digit classifiers

grimson, 1990, Object Recognition by Computer The Role of Geometric Constraints

grenander, 1991, Hands A Pattern Theoretic Study of Biological Shapes

10.1109/ICCV.1990.139626

10.1109/34.31442

10.1109/TPAMI.1984.4767569

10.1109/TPAMI.1985.4767734

gordon, 1992, Application of morphology to feature extraction for face recognition, SPIE Proc Nonlinear Image Process, 1658

10.1117/12.48428

10.1016/0031-3203(92)90010-G

10.1109/TSSC.1966.6593088

10.1016/B978-0-12-773250-3.50006-1

10.1037/h0027474

10.1109/34.99233

carter, 1986, An integrated biometrie database, Colloq on Electron Images and Image Process in Security and Forensic Sci, 8/1

10.1016/0146-664X(79)90097-2

1979, IEEE Trans Patt Anal and Mach Intell

1972, Computer Vision Graphics and Image Process

10.1038/scientificamerican0387-88

1988, Int J Comput Vision

10.1109/5.5965

10.1007/978-94-009-4420-6_45

10.1109/TPAMI.1985.4767678

10.3758/BF03335056

aibara, 1991, Human face recognition of P-type Fourier descriptors, SPIE Proc, 1606, 198, 10.1117/12.50385

10.1109/TPAMI.1984.4767596

fukunaga, 1989, Statistical Pattern Recognition

marinovic, 1985, Feature extraction and pattern classification in space?Spatial frequency domain, SPIE Proc Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision, 579, 19, 10.1117/12.950779

glazer, 1987, Hierarchical motion detection

ginsburg, 1978, Visual Information Processing Based on Spatial Filters Constrained by Biological Data, 78

10.1016/0734-189X(88)90059-X

10.1007/978-94-009-4420-6_1

10.1109/34.250844

faugeras, 1990, Three-Dimensional Computer Vision A Geometric Viewpoint

10.1117/12.24184

10.1109/2.31

10.1109/ICPR.1990.118129

10.3758/BF03333175

huang, 1981, Image Sequence Analysis, 10.1007/978-3-642-87037-8

10.1016/0004-3702(81)90024-2

10.1016/0146-664X(79)90074-1

10.1109/TPAMI.1979.4766907

10.1109/TPAMI.1984.4767471

jain, 1989, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

10.1109/TPAMI.1981.4767143

10.1016/S0015-7368(85)72433-4

10.1007/978-3-0348-5737-6

10.1109/TSMC.1976.5409181

10.2466/pms.1965.20.2.491

10.1117/12.48426

10.1016/0031-3203(81)90008-X

10.1016/S0146-664X(77)80009-9

10.1016/0031-3203(78)90001-8

10.1038/scientificamerican1173-70

hay, 1982, Normality and Pathology in Cognitive Function, 173

10.1002/scj.4690220710

10.1109/TPAMI.1980.6447703

10.1007/BF00133568

10.1109/ICPR.1990.118132

hildreth, 1984, The Measurement of Visual Motion

10.1016/0031-3203(91)90063-B

10.1126/science.831281

10.1109/CVPR.1991.139695

nagel, 1978, Analysis techniques for image sequences, Proc Int Conf on Patt Recog, 186

hawkes, 1986, The commercialization of biometrie techniques for automatic personal identification, IEE Colloq Dig (HO) Colloq on MMI in Computer Security, 1/1

10.1109/TPAMI.1987.4767896

10.1109/WVM.1991.212770

martin, 1988, Motion Understanding Robot and Human Vision, 10.1007/978-1-4613-1071-6

10.1016/S0146-664X(78)80003-3

10.2307/2289127

10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01477.x

10.1016/0031-3203(91)90068-G

nelson, 1990, Qualitative detection of motion by a moving observer, Proc DARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 329

nagel, 1981, Image Sequence Analysis, 19, 10.1007/978-3-642-87037-8_2

nagel, 1986, Image sequences?ten (octal) years?from phenomenology toward a theoretical foundation, Proc Int Conf on Patt Recog, 1174

fischler, 1973, The representation and matching of pictorial structures, IEEE Trans Computers, com 22, 67, 10.1109/T-C.1973.223602

10.3758/BF03328001

10.1109/34.41390

kelly, 1970, Visual identification of people by computer

kohonen, 1988, Self-Organization and Associative Memory, 10.1007/978-3-662-00784-6

10.1109/WVM.1991.212780

10.1016/B978-0-12-737140-5.50017-8

marr, 1982, Vision

10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01437.x

10.1109/12.210173

10.1126/science.164.3875.19

10.1109/34.24779

laughery, 1981, Perceiving and Remembering Faces, 250

10.1109/34.216724

10.1109/CVPR.1992.223162

10.1109/JRA.1987.1087136

minami, 1986, Present state of the art on identification of human face, Trans Soc Instrum Control Eng (Japan), 25, 707

10.1016/0146-664X(81)90073-3

haton, 1992, 2D object recognition by adaptive feature extraction and dynamical link graph matching

10.1016/0734-189X(89)90134-5

10.1109/34.85661

mannaert, 1990, Self-organizing system for analysis and identification of human face, SPIE Proc Appi of Digital Image Process XIII, 1349, 227

10.1109/CCV.1988.589989

10.1109/TPAMI.1980.6447699

10.1117/12.966515

10.1109/ICASSP.1989.266760

starkey, 0, Facial recognition for police purpose using computer graphics and neural networks, Proc Colloquium on Electron Images and Image Proc in Security and Forensic Science, 2/1

spoerri, 1987, The early detection of motion boundaries, Proc Int Conf on Computer Vision, 209

snyder, 1974, Image quality and face recognition on a television display, Human Factors, 16, 300, 10.1177/001872087401600311

10.1016/0893-6080(88)90537-0

10.1364/JOSAA.4.000519

10.1109/34.21796

stonham, 1984, Aspects of Face Processing, 426

10.1016/0004-3702(88)90080-X

10.1109/CVPR.1991.139758

ullman, 1979, The Interpretation of Visual Motion, 10.7551/mitpress/3877.001.0001

10.1007/BF00137442

tikhonov, 1977, Solution of Ill-Posed Problems

10.1109/TPAMI.1986.4767755

10.1109/ICCV.1990.139627

10.1117/12.50398

10.1007/BF00127823

10.1109/CVPR.1993.341105

nixon, 1986, Automated facial recognition and its potential for security, IEE Colloq Dig (80) Colloq on MMI in Computer Security, 5/l

weng, 1993, Motion and Structure from Image Sequences, 10.1007/978-3-642-77643-4

wechsler, 1990, Computational Vision

weng, 1993, Learning recognition and segmentation of 3D objects from 2D images, Proc IEEE Int Conf on Computer Vision, 121

10.1109/PROC.1972.8780

10.1016/0734-189X(90)90134-H

wu, 1990, Human face profile recognition by computer, Putt Recogn, 23, 255, 10.1016/0031-3203(90)90013-B

10.1109/CVPR.1994.323812

1986, Proc IEEE Motion Workshop

10.1109/CVPR.1993.341091

1984, Proc DARPA Image Understanding Workshop

10.1109/CVPR.1989.37836

10.1016/0893-6080(88)90025-1

10.1117/12.7974127

10.1109/34.61709

10.1002/ajpa.1330860307

10.1109/5.58326

10.1098/rspb.1985.0003

petret, 1988, Specialized face processing and hemispheric asymmetry in man and monkey: Evidence from single unit and reaction time studies, Behav Brain Res, 29, 245, 10.1016/0166-4328(88)90029-0

10.1016/0166-2236(87)90071-3

10.1525/var.1975.2.1.1

10.1109/CVPR.1994.323814

10.1109/34.85661

10.1109/ICPR.1990.118074

rahardja, 1991, A neural network approach to component versus holistic recognition of facial expressions in images, SPIE Proc Intell Robots and Computer Vision X Algorithms and Techn, 1607, 62, 10.1117/12.57047

10.1109/ICPR.1992.201521

poggio, 1984, Ill-posed problems and regularization analysis in early vision

10.1109/34.58872

10.1038/293133a0

10.1111/j.2044-8295.1985.tb01949.x

aizawa, 1993, Motion Analysis and Image Sequence Processing, 317, 10.1007/978-1-4615-3236-1_11

10.1117/12.57048

aloimonos, 1992, Behavioral visual motion analysis, Proc DARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 521

10.1007/BF00158167

10.1016/S0020-7373(81)80001-6

10.1007/BF01420984

besag, 1986, On the statistical analysis of dirty pictures, J Royal Statistical Soc, 48, 259

seibert, 1993, An approach to face recognition using saliency maps and caricatures, Proc World Congress Neural Networks, 661

10.1006/cviu.1994.1019

10.1117/12.57921

bledsoe, 1964, The model method in facial recognition

bruce, 1988, Recognizing Faces

setgent, 1986, Aspects of Face Processing

10.1016/0031-3203(92)90007-6

10.1016/0031-3203(69)90006-5

10.1117/12.57917

10.1109/34.42834

shepherd, 1985, Aspects of Face Processing, 398

10.1109/WVM.1991.212768

singh, 1990, An estimation?Theoretic framework for image flow analysis, Proc Int Conf on Computer Vision, 167

sirohey, 1993, Human Face Segmentation and Identification

10.1109/TPAMI.1987.4767872

10.1016/0262-8856(92)90056-9

10.1109/CVPR.1993.341070

ellis, 1986, The Neurophysiology of Face Perception and Facial Expression, 1

10.1109/TPAMI.1986.4767810