Human-Animal Interaction in a Prison Setting: Impact on Criminal Behavior, Treatment Progress, and Social Skills

Behavior and Social Issues - Tập 16 - Trang 89-105 - 2007
Angela Krom Fournier1, E. Scott Geller2, Elizabeth V. Fortney3
1Department of Psychology, Virginia Wesleyan College, Norfolk, USA
2Center for Applied Behavior Systems, Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, USA
3Department of Psychology, Forensic Services, Central State Hospital, USA

Tóm tắt

This quasi-experimental field study evaluated the effects of a forensic human-animal interaction (HAI) program on the criminal behavior of prison inmates. The study assessed the impact of the HAI program using between-subject methods and analyses. A total of 48 male inmates participated in the research by allowing researchers access to their institutional files and completing self-report measures. In general, it was hypothesized the HAI program would result in positive behavioral and psychosocial outcomes for inmates. Dependent measures included the frequency of institutional infractions, inmate treatment level within the prison’s therapeutic community, and social skills. Analyses compared two groups of inmates in a pretest-posttest repeated-measures design, comparing a Treatment group with a Control group. Results indicated that inmates in the Treatment group evidenced statistically significant improvements in these dependent measures in comparison to the Control group.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Barker, S. B., & Dawson, K. S. (1998). The effects of animal-assisted therapy on anxiety ratings of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Services, 49(6), 797–801. Beard, W. (1984). Of people, pooches, and prisons: Inmates train hand-dogs. Dog World, March, 14–15. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1999). Substance abuse and treatment, state and federal prisoners, 1997. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2004). Correctional populations in the United States. Special report NCJ 205336. U.S. Department of Justice. Byersdorfer, P., & Birkenhauer, D. (1990). The therapeutic use of pets on an Alzheimer’s unit. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Care and Related Disorders & Research, 5(1), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/153331759000500104 Clemmer, D. (1940). The prison community. New York: Prentice Hall. Correctional Services of Canada. (2003). Animal-assisted therapy in correctional institutions. Retrieved March 29, 2003, from https://doi.org/www.csc-scc.gc.ca/test/prgrm/pet Corson, S. A., Corson, E. O., Gwynne, P. H., & Arnold, E. (1977). Pet dogs as nonverbal communication links in hospital psychiatry. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 18(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(77)80008-4 Coyle, A. (2003). Editorial: A human rights approach to prison management. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 13, 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.532 Dietz, E. F., O’Connell, D. J., & Scarpitti, F. R. (2003). Therapeutic communities and prison management: An examination of the effects of operating on in-prison therapeutic community levels of institutional disorder. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47(2), 210–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X03251088 Faily, A., Roundtree, G. A., & Miller, R. K. (1980). A study of the maintenance of discipline with regard to rule infractions at the Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women. Corrective & Social Psychiatry & Journal of Behavior Technology, Methods & Therapy, 26(4), 151–155. Fick, K. M. (1993). The influence of an animal on social interactions of nursing home residents in a group setting. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 47(6), 529–534. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.47.6.529 Field, G. (1985). The Cornerstone program: A client outcome study. Federal Probation, 49, 50–55. Flanagan, T. J. (1995). Long-term incarceration: Issues of science, policy and correctional practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Flanagan, T. J. (1983). Correlates of institutional misconduct among state prisoners. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 21(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00249.x Fournier, A. K., & Geller, E. S. (2004). Behavior analysis of companion-animal overpopulation: A conceptualization of the problem and a framework for intervention. Behavior and Social Issues, 13(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v13i1.35 Garrity, T. F., Stallones, L., Marx, M. B., & Johnson, T. P. (1987). Pet ownership and attachment as supportive factors in the health of the elderly. Anthrozoos, 3(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279390787057829 Geller, E. S., Johnson, D. F., Hamlin, P. H., & Kennedy, T. D. (1977). Behavior modification in a prison: Issues, problems, and compromises. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 4(1), 11–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/009385487700400102 Guildord, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill. Haight, A. (1986). Pets in prison. The Olympian, October 15, 4–6. Haney, C. (1997). Psychology and the limits to prison pain: Confronting the coming crisis in eighth amendment law. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 3(4), 499–588. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.3.4.499 Haney, C., Banks, W., & Zimbardo, P. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1, 69–97. Harbolt, T., & Ward, T.H. (2001). Teaming incarcerated youth with shelter dogs for a second chance. Society and Animals, 9 (2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853001753639279 Hecht, L., McMillin, J. D., & Silverman, P. (2001). Pets, networks, and well-being. Anthrozoos, 14 (2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279301786999517 Holcomb, R., Williams, R., & Richards, P. (1985). The elements of attachment: Relationship maintenance and intimacy. The Delta Society, 2(1), 28–34. Hyde, K. R., Kurdek, L., & Larson, P. (1983). Relationships between pet ownership and self esteem, social sensitivity, and interpersonal trust. Psychological Reports, 52, 110. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1983.52.1.110 Inciardi, J. A., Maritn, S. S., Butzin, C. A., Hooper, R. M., & Harrison, L. D. (1997). An effective model of prison-based treatment for drug-involved offenders. Journal of Drug Issues, 27(2), 261–278. Ivanoff, A., Grochowski, S., Smyth, N. J., & Jang, S. J. (1992). Problem solving and suicidality among prison inmates: Another look at the state versus trait. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 970–973. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.60.6.970 Johnson, D. F., & Geller, E. S. (1974). Operations manual for a contingency management program in a maximum security institution. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4(23), (Ms. No. 578). Johnson, R. A., Odendaal, J. S., & Meadows, R. L. (2002). Animal-assisted interventions research: Issues and answers. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24(4), 422–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/01945902024004009 Katcher, A., Beck, A.M., & Levine, D. (1989). Evaluation of a pet program in prison: The PAL project at Lorton. Anthrozoos, 2(3), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279389787058037 Lamb, R. H., & Weinberger, L. E. (1998). Persons with severe mental illness in jails and prisons: A review. Psychiatric Services, 49(4), 483–492. Lipton, D. S., Pearson, F. S., Cleland, C. M., & Yee, D. (2002). The effects of therapeutic communities and milieu therapy on recidivism: Meta-analytic findings from the correctional drug abuse treatment effectiveness (CDATE) study. In M. McGuire (Ed.), Offender rehabilitation and treatment: Effective programmes and policies to reduce re-offending (pp. 39–77). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons. Matthews, R., & Pitts, J. (1998). Rehabilitation, recidivism, and realism: Evaluating violence reduction programs in prison. The Prison Journal, 78(4), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885598078004003 Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & J. D. Slyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence (pp. 3–31). New York: Basic Books. Moneymaker, J. M., & Strimple, E. O. (1991). Animals and inmates: A sharing companionship behind bars. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 16(3), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v16n03_09 Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and analysis of group-randomized trials. New York: Oxford Press. Ogloff, J. R. (2002). Offender rehabilitation: From “nothing works” to what next? Australian Psychologist, 37(3), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060210001706936 Pearson, F. S., Lipton, D. S., Cleland, C. M., & Yee, D. S. (2002). The effects of behavioral/cognitive-behavioral programs on recidivism. Crime & Delinquency, 48 (3), 476–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128702048003006 Peat, B. J., & Winfree, T. L. (1992). Reducing the intrainstitutional effects of “prisonization”: A study of a therapeutic community for drug-using inmates. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 19(2), 206–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854892019002007 Perrelle, I. B., & Granville, D. A. (1993). Assessment of the effectiveness of a pet facilitated therapy program in a nursing home setting. Society & Animals, 1(1), 321–328. Phillips, J. (2001). Cultural construction of manhood in prison. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.2.1.13 Riggio, R. E. (1986). Assessment of basic social skills. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 649–660. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.649 Riggio, R. E., Tucker, J., & Coffaro, D. (1986). Social skills and empathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90184-0 Rodriguez, D. (2003). State terror and the reproduction of prison dissent. Social Identities, 9(2), 183–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350463032000101551 Rutherford, R. B., Mathur, S. R., & Quinn, M. M. (1998). Promoting social communication skills through cooperative learning and direct instruction. Education & Treatment of Children, 21(3), 354–369. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognitions & Personality, 9, 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG Salmon, I. M., Salmon, P. W., Hogarth-Scott, R. S., & Lavelle, R. B. (1982). A dog in residence. The Lantham Letter, 4, 6–13. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Boston, MA: Cambridge. Suthers-McCabe, H. M., Van Voorhees, E., & Fournier, A. K. (2004). The human-animal bond in an American prison: Inmate trainer outcomes. A paper presented to the International Society for Anthrozoology, Glasgow, Scotland. Wade, M. (1986). Dogs for the disabled. The Challenge, 22(18), 11–13. Walsh, P.G., & Mertin, P.G. (1994). The training of pets as therapy dogs in a women’s prison: A pilot study. Anthrozoos, 7(2), 124–128. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279394787002014 Wells, D. L. (2004). The facilitation of social interactions by domestic dogs. Anthrozoos, 17(4), 340–352. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279304785643203