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Cách tiến hành nghiên cứu chất lượng tốt về bạo lực đối với trẻ em khuyết tật: các nguyên tắc chính về đạo đức, đo lường và nghiên cứu
Tóm tắt
Khoảng một tỷ trẻ em trải qua bạo lực mỗi năm. Bạo lực đối với trẻ em là một vấn đề sức khỏe cộng đồng toàn cầu khẩn cấp và vi phạm quyền trẻ em. Nó cũng là một yếu tố rủi ro đối với các hậu quả sức khỏe và xã hội nghiêm trọng và do đó được đề cập trong các Mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững (SDGs). Trẻ em khuyết tật, chiếm khoảng một phần 20 trẻ em trên toàn thế giới, đặc biệt dễ bị tổn thương trước bạo lực mặc dù dữ liệu chất lượng tốt về nguyên nhân và biện pháp ngăn ngừa bạo lực đối với trẻ em khuyết tật còn thiếu. Các thách thức chính tồn tại trong việc đo lường khuyết tật và bạo lực, điều này một phần giải thích cho sự thiếu thốn bằng chứng. Bài báo này cung cấp định hướng về cách tiến hành nghiên cứu có chất lượng tốt, đạo đức và bao gồm về bạo lực đối với trẻ em khuyết tật, đặc biệt trong các bối cảnh thu nhập thấp. Việc thiếu một "tiêu chuẩn vàng" đã được thống nhất quốc tế làm cản trở nỗ lực đo lường bạo lực giữa các bối cảnh và theo thời gian. Cần phải xem xét cẩn thận thiết kế của các công cụ khảo sát. Các phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính và tham gia cũng cung cấp những cơ hội quan trọng để khám phá hiểu biết và kinh nghiệm chủ quan của trẻ em về bạo lực. Các thách thức cũng tồn tại xung quanh việc đo lường khuyết tật. Khuyết tật có thể được đo lường bằng cách hỏi trực tiếp về khuyết tật, qua việc tự báo cáo chức năng, hoặc qua sự hiện diện của các khuyết tật hoặc tình trạng sức khỏe. Những cách tiếp cận này có điểm mạnh và điểm hạn chế và nên xây dựng dựa trên những gì trẻ em có thể làm và bao gồm các điều chỉnh phù hợp cho các khuyết tật cụ thể khi cần thiết. Nghiên cứu đạo đức cũng yêu cầu tuân thủ các hướng dẫn và phê duyệt đạo đức, thu thập sự đồng ý thông tin, phản ứng bảo vệ trẻ em phù hợp, và xem xét cẩn thận các vấn đề liên quan đến người phỏng vấn bao gồm việc lựa chọn, đào tạo và phúc lợi của họ. Vẫn còn những khoảng trống phương pháp học chính - cách bao gồm trẻ em gặp khó khăn giao tiếp nặng; cách phản ứng trong các trường hợp hệ thống bảo vệ trẻ em yếu; thiết kế quy trình mẫu đại diện đầy đủ cho trẻ em khuyết tật trong các cuộc khảo sát bạo lực quy mô lớn; và xác định cách tốt nhất để hỏi về bạo lực một cách an toàn trong các cuộc khảo sát quy mô lớn và dữ liệu giám sát. Bài báo này cũng khuyến nghị việc phổ biến kết quả nghiên cứu dưới các định dạng bao gồm và dễ tiếp cận. Với sự lập kế hoạch cẩn thận, những thách thức trong việc thu thập dữ liệu về khuyết tật và bạo lực có thể được vượt qua để tạo ra bằng chứng trong lĩnh vực bị bỏ quên này.
Từ khóa
#bạo lực đối với trẻ em #trẻ em khuyết tật #nghiên cứu xã hội #phương pháp nghiên cứu #quyền trẻ emTài liệu tham khảo
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