Côn trùng sống sót trong lạnh: cơ chế phân tử - một bài tổng quan

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 178 - Trang 917-933 - 2008
Melody S. Clark1, M. Roger Worland1
1British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK

Tóm tắt

Côn trùng có khả năng sống sót ở nhiệt độ thấp rất khác nhau. Sự dễ dàng trong việc thực hiện thí nghiệm với những sinh vật này đã dẫn đến nhiều nghiên cứu dựa trên sinh lý học, xem xét cả sự biến đổi giữa các loài và chính các cơ chế. Điều này đã làm nổi bật một loạt các chiến lược như khả năng chịu lạnh, tránh bị đóng băng, mất nước bảo vệ và sự cứng lạnh nhanh chóng, thường liên quan đến việc sản xuất các hóa chất cụ thể như chất chống đông và cryoprotectants polyol. Tuy nhiên, chúng ta vẫn còn xa mới xác định được các yếu tố quan trọng dẫn đến sự sống sót qua mùa đông và làm thế nào một số loài có thể thường xuyên sống sót ở nhiệt độ dưới -20°C. Sinh học phân tử là công cụ mới nhất được thêm vào bộ công cụ của các nhà sinh lý học côn trùng. Với việc công khai trình tự gen của các loài côn trùng mô hình như Drosophila và sản xuất các nguồn tài nguyên phân tử tùy chỉnh, như thư viện EST và vi mạch, chúng ta đang ở một vị trí thuận lợi để bắt đầu phân tích các cơ chế phân tử đằng sau một số phản ứng sinh lý đã được mô tả rõ ràng. Bài tổng quan này nhằm cung cấp bức tranh tiên tiến về công việc phân tử hiện đang được tiến hành về khả năng chịu lạnh của côn trùng và những kết quả sơ bộ rất thú vị từ các nghiên cứu này, hứa hẹn nhiều triển vọng cho tương lai.

Từ khóa

#côn trùng #khả năng chịu lạnh #sinh lý học #sinh học phân tử #cơ chế phân tử

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